Objective To study the protective effect of nalmefene hydrochloride on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury and its mechanism.Methods 40 rats were randomly divided into model group,high dose of nalmefene group,low dose nalmefene group and sham operation group equally(n =10).The lung ischemia-reperfusion model was established by occlusion of the left pulmonary hilum.The intravenous injection of nalmefene (20,10 μg·kg-1) was applied at 10 minutes before occlusion of the left pulmonary hilum in the high dose of nalmefene group and the low dose of nalmefene group,respectively.The sham operation group without occlusion of the left pulmonary hilum was not given any treatment.At 2 h after reperfusion,all rats were detected arterial blood gas value and then sacrificed.The specimens from the upper lobe of the left lung tissue were preserved to observe pulmonary lesions,detect the ratio of wet / dry weight and the expressions of β-endorphin and interleukin(IL)-17.Results Compared with the model group,the value of PCO2,the degree of pulmonary lesions,the ratio of wet / dry weight and the expressions of β-endorphin and IL-17 in lung tissue were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.01),while the value of PO2 was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01) in the low dose of nalmefene group.Compared with the low dose of nalmefene group,thevalue of PCO2,the degree of pulmonary lesions,the ratio of wet/dry weight and the expressions of β-endorphin and IL-17 in lung tissue were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.01),while the value of PO2was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01) in the high dose of nalmefene group.Conclusion Nalmefene hydrochloride may prevent lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in a dose dependent manner by reducing the production of β-endorphin and inhibiting the expression of IL-17 in lung tissue.

Objective To understand HIV/AIDS related knowledge and attitude among different population groups in Rizhao.Method Self-designed questionnaires were used to investigate HIV/AIDS related knowledge and attitude among rural and urban residents,hotel attendants and government officers.Results The rates of right answers on HIV/AIDS related questions among the government officers,the urban residents,the hotel attendants and the rural residents were 83.38%,72.45%,72.33% and 66.36%,respectively.Conclusion Although different population groups in Rizhao city have relatively high awareness of HIV/AIDS,there still exist some deficiencies,and consequently education and publicity in this respect should be further strengthened.

Objective To investigate the role of astrocytes activation in post herpetic neuralgia (PHN). Methods The kunming mice (20-25 g) were used in this study. Resiniferatoxin was injected into the peritoneal cavity.Immunofuorescence was used to detect the activation of astrocytes , mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT)and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were used to assay the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, respectively. Fluorocitrate, an inhibitor of astrocytes was intrathecally (i.t.) or intraperitonealy (i. p.) injected into the mice. Results Compared with the vehicle group, MWT was decreased, and TWL was increased significantly in the RTX group. Pre-treatments of fluorocitrate (Fc, i.t.,or i.p.) inhibited the decrease of MWT. Conclusion The activation of astrocytes mediates the post herpetic neuralgia.

Objective To optimize the shaping process of Biyuan dropping pills.Methods With the hardness,tailing degree,spherical degree and coefficient of heavy variation of the dropping pills as the scoring indexes,the proportion of extract and matrix,temperature of extract and refrigerant liquid,internal diameter of the dropper,dropping speed were observed.Orthogonal design was applied to optimize the proportion of extract and matrix,temperature of extract and refrigerant liquid,drops distance on the basis of the preliminary experiments.Results The optimal conditions were: semi-synthesized fatty acid ester and extract at the proportion of 4 ∶1 were heated in a water bath and were completely stirred for melting;the pills were dropped into the 65 %alcohol (10 ℃) at temperature 40 ℃at the constant rate of 60 drops per minute;the diameter (internal)of the dropping tip is 2.0 mm .Conclusion The experimental results provide evidences for shaping process of Biyuan dropping pills in the manufacturing scale.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most important chronic diseases currently threatening human health worldwide.However,Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the main microvascular complications of DM;Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that is expressed in bone,kidney,intestines and other tissues.Vitamin D not only plays an important role in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism,but also involves the multiple biological effects of immune regulation,inflammatory response,cell proliferation and differentiation.In this paper,the effects of vitamin D on DKD and its research progress are discussed.