Objective To discuss the laparoscopic diagnosis and treatment for non-palpable undescended testis.Methods Laparoscopy was utilized in the diagnosis and treatment of 29 cases of non-palpable undescended testis(34 sides) from July 2002 to March 2005.Results The diagnosis was clarified in all the 29 cases.Intraabdominal testis was found in 21 sides(primary orchidopexy in 16 sides and two-staged Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy in 5 sides) and absent testis,13 sides.Follow-up observations for 0.5~1 year in 29 cases showed no testicular retraction or atrophy.Conclusions Laparoscopic intervention,characterized with accurate diagnosis,little invasion,and quick recovery,can be the first choice for the diagnosis and treatment of(non-palpable) undescended testis.The primary orchidopexy of testis may have satisfactory results if possible.

Objective To observe the effect of Huanyuan Injection on TNF－ α 、 sIL－ 2R in patients with acute Intracranial hemorrhage.Method Sixty patients were randomly selected and divided into two groups.TNF－ α 、 sIL－ 2R in the blood of the patients were observed before and after therapy with Huanyuan Injection.Result Increasing level of TNF－ α 、 sIL－ 2R could be detected,at the same time,Huayuan Injection could react on the differentiation.Conclusion The effect of Hyanyuan Injection on the levels of TNF－ α 、 sIL－ 2R may show some insight on its therapeutic mechanism for acute hemorrhage stroke.

To analyze naringin, naringenin and its metabolites in rat urine and feces after intragastric administration of alcohol extract of Exocarpium Citri Grandis, healthy SD rats were fed with alcohol extract of Exocarpium Citri Grandis for 3 days. On the last day, 0-24 h feces and 0-4 h, 4-8 h, 8-24 h urine were collected and analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. The post-acquisition data were processed using Metabolynx The result is that naringin and its 6 metabolites, naringenin and its 4 metabolites were detected in the urine of rat. Meanwhile, naringin and its 3 metabolites, naringenin and its 2 metabolites were detected in the feces of rat.

Objective To evaluate the effect of labor analgesia on the development of postpartum depression.Methods Seventy nulliparous parturients who were at full term with a singleton fetus in vertex presentation,aged 20-35 yr,with body mass index＜27 kg/m2,at 38-41 weeks of gestation,of ASA physical status Ⅰ,were enrolled and divided into 2 groups (n =35 each) using a random number table:vaginal delivery group (group VD) and labor analgesia group (group LA).In LA group,the epidural catheter was placed at L2,3 interspace for combined spinal-epidural analgesia when their cervical dilations were in 2-3 cm.VAS score was maintained below 3 after the analgesia.Parturients completed Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale questionnaires 42 days after the labor.The development of depression was recorded.Results The incidence of postnatal depression was significantly lower in LA group (17％) than in VD group (40％).Conclusion Labor analgesia can decrease the development of postpartum depression.

OBJECTIVETo analyze naringin, naringenin and its metabolites in rat plasma after intragastric administration of exocarpium Citri grandis alcohol extract.

METHODRat blood samples were collected 1.0 hour after oral administration of 50 g x kg(-1) exocarpium Citri grandis alcohol extract and analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF with MS(E) function. The post-acquisition data were processed using Metabolynx.

RESULTNaringin (M1), naringenin (M2), naringin-5-O-glucuronide (M3), naringin-4-O-glucuronide (M4), glucuronide conjugate of naringenin (M5), naringin-4-O-sulfate (M6), methylated conjugate of hydroxylated naringenin (M7), glucuronide and sulfate conjugate of naringenin (M8), glucuronide conjugate of hydroxylated naringenin (M9) in rat plasma were detected. M3, M4, M6 were first reported as the metabolites of naringin. M7, M9 were first reported as the metabolites of naringenin.

CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that naringin, naringenin can be metabolited as the forms of glucuronidation, sulfation and naringenin can also be metabolited as the forms of methylation with hydroxylation and glucuronidation with hydroxylation in vivo after administration.

Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Citrus ; chemistry ; Drug Administration Routes ; Flavanones ; blood ; metabolism ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; blood ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the effect of the pregnancy factor on the line drawn between the highest points of the two iliac crests ( T line) corresponding to the vertebral level in a multicenter clini?cal comparative study. Methods Hospitalized patients selected from the obstetric department or gynecolog?ical department, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠorⅡ, were divided into preg?nancy group ( group P ) and non?pregnancy group ( group NP ) . The patients were placed in the lateral posi?tion with their back vertical to the bed surface, the patient′s thighs were at an angle of approximately 90 de?grees to the trunk, and hip flexion was employed by flexing the patient′s knees to the chest. To determine the highest points of the two iliac crests, a line ( T line) was drawn between the highest points using a wire?reinforced epidural catheter. And another vertical line ( T′line) was made between the highest point of the iliac crest on the upper side ( not the side in the lateral position) and the ground. Ultrasonography was per?formed to identify and record the level of T line and T′line corresponding to the spinous process and lumbar interspace. Results A total of 1 763 cases completed the study, and there were 905 cases in group P, and 858 cases in group NP. Compared with group NP, the rate of T line at L3 spinous process and L3,4 in?terspace was significantly increased in group P ( P<0.05) . Compared with T′line, the rate of T line at L2,3 interspace and L3 spinous process was significantly decreased, and the rate of T line at L4 spinous process, L4,5 interspace and L5 spinous process was significantly increased in group P, and the rate of T line at L3 spinous process, L2,3 interspace and L3,4 interspace was significantly decreased, and the rate of T line at L4 spinous process and L4,5 interspace was significantly increased in group NP (P<0.01). Conclusion The level of T line corresponding to the vertebral level is significantly higher in the pregnant patients than in the nonpregnant patients.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the absorption of gnsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in Radix Gngseng at different intestine segments of rats and the influence of the drug solution concentration, pH, P-gp inhibitor.

METHODThe intestine cannulation was performed for in situ recirculation. Gnsenoside Rg1, Rb1 and phenol red concentration in the flux were separately measured by the reversed phase HPLC and UV.

RESULTSWhen the concentration was raised from 0.075-0.75 g L(-1) and 0.03-0.3 g L(-1), the uptake of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 was separately linearly increased (r >0.999), and no changes of K(a) absorption fraction and t(1/2) are found. The pH of flux has no effect on drug absorption. Ginsenoside Rg1 can be absorbed in the whole intestine and no changes of K(a), absorption fraction and t(1/2) refound and all the parameters of ginsenoside Rb1 at jejunum are higher than that at ileum and duodenum (P <0. 5). Further more, P-gp inhibitor verapamil has obvious effect on the intestinal absorption of ginsenoside Rb1 (P <0.5) while it has no effect on ginsenoside Rg1.

CONCLUSIONThe absorption of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in intestine of rat are first-order kinetics, the absorption mechanism is infered the passive diffusion. Ginsenoside Rg1 has no specific absorption locus in intestine of rat and ginsenoside Rb1 has specific absorption locus of jejunum. Meanwhile, ginsenoside Rb1 is the P-gp substrate, and could increase its fraction of bioavailability by corporation with P-gp inhibitor.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacokinetics ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestines ; physiology ; Models, Animal ; Panax ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo explore the significance of multi-detector CT (MDCT) in differential diagnosis of papillary renal cell carcinoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.

METHODSClinical data of forty-one cases of renal cancers confirmed pathologically were collected, including 21 cases of papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) (14 type I, 7 type II) and 20 cases of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC). Their morphological and MDCT characteristics were retrospectively analyzed. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the value of MDCT in differential diagnosis of PRCC and ChRCC. Two senior radiologists analyzed the morphological and the dynamic enhancement characteristics of the images. The attenuation of the lesions and the adjacent renal parenchyma were measured. The morphological indexes were compared with chi-square test and the quantitative indexes were compared with independent sample T-test. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of diagnosis of PRCC and ChRCC.

RESULTSAngioid enhancement and filled enhancement were more common in ChRCC than in PRCC, while delayed enhancement was more often seen in PRCC than in ChRCC. Calcification was more common in type I than type II PRCC. The enhancement value (ΔCT value) in corticomedullary phase was (29.08 ± 20.12) Hu for PRCC, significantly lower than the (48.29 ± 26.70) Hu for ChRCC (t = -2.611, P = 0.013). The ΔCT value of type I PRCC in corticomedullary phase was (26.36 ± 18.16) Hu, showing a significant difference from that of ChRCC (t = -2.666, P = 0.012). The lesion to kidney ratio (LKR) in corticomedullary phase was 0.44 ± 0.19 for PRCC and 0.58 ± 0.15 for ChRCC, with a significant difference between them (t = -2.587, P = 0.014). The LKR of type I PRCC in corticomedullary phase was 0.39 ± 0.15, showing a significant difference from that of ChRCC (t = -3.628, P = 0.001). The difference value (D-value) of the attenuation of lesion between corticomedullary and nephrographic phases was (-3.69 ± 8.90) Hu for PRCC and (8.39 ± 21.98) Hu for ChRCC, with a significant difference between them (t = -2.285, P = 0.031). The D-value of type I PRCC was (-4.55 ± 9.82) Hu, showing a significant difference from that of ChRCC (t = -2.323, P = 0.028). There was no significant difference between the ΔCT, LKR and D-value of the type II PRCC and ChRCC (P > 0.05 for all). The area under the curve (AUC) for ΔCT value, LKR value in corticomedullary phase, and D-value were 0.718, 0.751 and 0.668, respectively, and there were no significant differences among them (z values were 0.896, 0.683 and 0.559, respectively, and P values were 0.370, 0.495 and 0.576, respectively). Using 49.350 Hu as the cutoff value for ΔCT value in corticomedullary phase, resulted in a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 50.0%, 90.5% and 70.7%, respectively. Corresponding values were 65.0%, 81.0% and 73.2%, when using a cutoff value of 0.532 for LKR in corticomedullary phase, and were 60.0%, 76.2% and 68.3%, when using a D-value of 0.400 Hu.

CONCLUSIONSThe ΔCT value, LKR value in corticomedullary phase, and the D-value are all useful indexes for the differentiation of PRCC and ChRCC.

Area Under Curve ; Calcinosis ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; ROC Curve ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity

The extracelluar domain I-IV of target gene VEGFR2 (Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) was cloned from villus of trimester abortion by RT-PCR, and linked to the expression vectors. Then, the transfection conditions were optimized in serum-free suspension culture HEK293 using GFP (Green fluorescence protein) as the report gene. The results showed that the optimal transfection efficiency and cell number were obtained when the ratio of foreign DNA: PEI = 1:2 (W/W), DNA = 1.5 g /10(6) cells and shaking speed (120 r/min) in serum free medium in the beginning 4 hours of transfection. After optimizing the transfection conditions, the expression vector was successfully constructed for transient gene expression in HEK293, COS-7, and CHO-K1. The result shows that the target protein was only detected in CHO-K1 supernatant. Because of the C-terminal 8-His tag of target protein, target protein was subsequently purified using Ni2+-IDA and 5 mg purified protein was obtained in 1.5 L supernatant of CHOK1.
Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cell Line ; Chorionic Villi ; metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Culture Media, Serum-Free ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Solubility ; Transfection ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics

The hypoxia-inducible factor is a significant regulator of adaptive transcriptional response in hypoxia or hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factor (hypoXIA-inducible factor) loses its activity after hydroxylation by proline hydroxylase in a normoxic environment. Proline hydroxylase inhibitor is a kind of new small molecule oral preparation by inhibiting the proline hydroxylase, reducing the degradation of HIF, activating the hypoxia-induced way, adjusting including stimulates erythropoiesis, iron absorption and mobilization, angiogenesis, lipid, and glucose metabolism, inflammation, energy metabolism, cell growth and differentiation, and other physiological reaction, Showed more clinical benefits. In recent years, the application of proline hydroxylase inhibitors in the field of renal anemia has achieved apparent efficacy, and the research in the field of ischemic heart disease has also made significant progress in the future in the treatment of ischemic heart disease and other aspects of good application prospects.