Objective To establish a method for the determination of Rhoifolin content in Exocarpium citri grandis (ECG). Methods The RP-HPLC method was operated on MACHEREY-NAGEL 100-5 C_(18), with methanol and wateracetic acid (61: 4) as mobile phase, gradient elution, flow rate at 1.0 mL/min, and detection wavelength at 345nm. Results In the range from 0.816 ?g to 13. 056?g, Rhoifolin is in a good linearity with chromatographic peaks area, r=0.9995, the average recovery ratio is 101.064%, RSD=3.10%(n=5). The content of Rhoifolin in Tomentulosus Exocarpium Citri Grandis(TECG) ranged from 1.33% to 0.177% and that in Glabrous Exocarpium Citri Grandis (GECG) is less than 0.17%. Conclusions RP-HPLC method is with accuracy and a good reproducibility for the determination of the Rhoifolin content in ECG; the difference of Rhoifolin content in TECG and GECG is significant.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract injection on the urinary microalbumin excretion rate in patients with early diabetic nephropathy(DN).METHODS:A total of 84 patients with early DN were randomly divided into two groups:the control group was treated with routine therapy while the treatment group was treated with routine therapy plus Ginkgo biloba extract injection(at a dose of 10mL)q.d for 3 consecutive weeks.The urinary microalbumin excretion rate and the related clinical and biochemical indicators were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.RESULTS:As compared with the control group,urinary microalbumin excretion rate was significantly lowered in the treatment group(P

Objective To observe the effects of ultrashort wave diathermy on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) andBcl-2 in hippocampus, striatum and motor cortex of rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Methods The model of focal ischemia/reperfusionin Sprague-Dawley rats was induced with intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with nylon monofilament suture. Therats were divided into 3 groups: sham group (n=6), model group (n=6) and ultrashort wave diathermy group (n=6). Brain tissue slices wereimmunohistochemically stained (SABC) to observe the expression of TNF-α and Bcl-2. Results The expression of TNF-α and Bcl-2 in lefthippocampus, striatum and motor cortex was higher in the model group than in the sham group (P<0.01). The expression of TNF-α was lowerbut Bcl-2 was higher in the ultrashort wave diathermy group than in the model group (P<0.05). Conclusion Ultrashort wave diathermycan affect the expression of TNF-α and Bcl-2, which may associate to the neuroprotection from focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Objective To detect the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), C-erbB-2, p53, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in order to explore the proper margin for breast conservative surgery on Chinese women. Methods We collected 40 resection specimens from breast cancer patients who had received radical surgery. Then we divided each specimen into primary tumor group and hyperplasia and gene expression characteristics of PCNA, c-erbB-2, p53, ER and PR were measured by pathological and immunohistochemical assay in the five groups. Results With the further distance from the primary tumor, the proportions of high-risk disease and positive gene expressions of PCNA, c-erbB-2 and p53 in paracarcinoma tissues gradually decreased (P<0.05). Higher risk and more positive expressions were related to paracarcinoma was no correlation of PCNA, ER and PR expressions adjacent to breast cancer with tissue differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P>0.05). a safe and appropriater region for breast conservative surgery.

Objective To study the effect of down-regulation of E-cadherin on the invasion ability of tumor cells.Methods Human pancreatic carcinoma cell line JHP-1 was treated with E-cadherin antisense oligodeoxynucleotied(ASODN).The immunocytochemistry,Western blot were used to detect the expression and the contents of(E-cadherin) in the tumor cells,and the invasive ability of tumor cells were evaluated by invasive-MTT assay.Results Treated with E-cadherin ASODN,the expression of E-cadherin on JHP-1 cells were reduced,and the protein contents were decreased as well compared with control groups and ODN group.The invasive ability of JHP-1 cells to the basement membrane was increased(P

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment for primary presacral tumors.Methods The clinical data of 42 patients of primary presacral tumors from January 2013 to May 2015 were analysed retrospectively.Results Of the 42 patients,16 cases were asymptomatic while 26 patients had discomfort at the sacral or abdominal region,or difficulty in urinating or defecation.90％ of the cases were digital rectum examination (DRE) positive.Among the 42 patients 36 cases underwent surgical treatment,1 case underwent radiotherapy,5 cases refused surgical treatment.Among those receiving surgical resection,28 cases had trans-abdominal surgery and 4 cases had trans-sacral surgery,while 3 cases had trans-abdominal & trans-sacral surgery,1 case had trans-abdominal and perineal surgery.Tumors were completely resected in 31 cases,and palliatively resected in 5 cases.3 cases suffered from intra-operative presacral hemorrhage.1 case with delayed hemorrhage required surgical intervention.2 cases from incision infection recovered after wound disinfection and dressing.3 cases had postoperative hip or leg numbness;1 case with high fever was cured by intensive antibiotics treatment.Conclusion The low incidence of presacral tumors makes early detection difficult.A diagnosis can be obtained by a positive DRE combined with CT or MRI results.Resection is a therapy of choice after biopsies.

Objective To explore the titre of serum anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies (anti-PLA2 R antibodies) detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to provide a more specific serological index for clinical diagnosis and disease judgment of membranous nephropathy (MN).Methods Thirty-four cases of MN confirmed by kidney biopsy ,32 inpatients with autoimmune diseases ,nephrotic syndrome and renal insufficiency in the nephrology department of our hospital and 12 persons un-dergoing physical examination were selected.The serum was collected for detecting anti-PLA2 R antibodies level.Then its diagnostic performance for diagnosing MM was analyzed by combining with serum TP ,ALB ,IgG ,IgA ,IgM ,C3 and C4 indicators.Results The medians of anti-PLA2 R antibodies titres in the MN group ,disease control group and healthy control group were 22.1 ,2.0 ,2.0 RU/mL respectively ,which had statistical difference between the MN group and other two groups (P<0.05).Seventeen cases of anti-PLA2R antibodies positive were in the MN group(positive rate50% )and 17 cases were negative,the disease control group and healthy control group all were negative.Its specificity and positive predictive value were 100% ,TP ,ALB and IgG had statistical difference between the MN group with the disease control group and healthy control group (P<0.05);the relative coefficients of anti-PLA2 R antibodies with TP ,ALB and IgG ,IgA ,IgM ,C3 and C4 were in turn -0.382 ,-0.344 ,-0.502 ,-0.295 ,0.062 , 0.005 and 0.241 respectively ,anti-PLA2R antibodies were negatively correlated with TP ,ALB ,IgG and IgA(P<0.01) ,positively correlated with C4(P<0.05) and had no relation with IgM and C3(P>0.05).Conclusion Anti-PLA2 R antibodies have higher specificity for the diagnosis of MN and can serve as the necessary and specific serologic detection indicator in the patients unable to conduct renal biopsy.Quantitative detection helps to condition judgment.

This paper aimed to analyse and review the literature of diagnosis and treatment of Chinese aphasia at home in recent years. The advanced brain imaging technology and events related potentials, besides the traditional neuropsychological check method, had been much more applicated and studied in the diagnostic research of Chinese aphasia at present, and in the future the check methods of Chinese aphasia showed diversification, systematic and standardized development. A large number of clinical reshearches tended to comprehensive treatment as the main approach for Chinese aphasia in a conclusion.

Objective To investigate lymph node metastases in distal gastric cancer and its clinical significance. Methods From June 2006 to December 2007, 129 distal gastric cancer patients underwent radical gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy. Dissected lymph nodes were collected in groups, and histopathological studies were performed to detect lymph node metastasis. The relationship between lymph node metastasis and tumor parameters such as diameter, location, infiltrating depth, histological category,Borrmann typing was evaluated. Results Lymph node metastases was found in 80 out of 129 patients (62%). A total of 3295 lymph nodes were harvested with an average of 25.54 lymph nodes per patient,among those 889 lymph nodes were identified with metastasis. The metastasis rate was 18.60%, 48. 84%,37. 98%, 38. 76%, 44. 19%, 31.01%, 10. 85%, 14. 73%, 4. 65%, 1.55% and 0. 78% respectively in No. 1, No. 3, No. 4d, No. 5, No. 6, No. 7, No. 8a, No. 9, No. 11 p, No. 12a, No. 14v lymph node group.No. 3 and No. 6 group nodes were moat frequently invaded by metastasis. Conclusion This study provides the regular pattern of lymph node metastasis in distal gastric carcinoma patients undergoing radical gastrectomy and perigastric lymphadectomy which helps to guide lymphadectomy in terms of less trauma and favorite prognosis.

In order to overcome the effects of the anti-aliasing filter and the colored background noise, an adaptive algorithm is proposed to estimate the parameters of ion channel kinetics and the background noise, and whereafter the ion channel signal could be restored from the strong noisy patch-clamp recordings. The algorithm cross-couples the recursive expectation-maximization algorithm, which estimates optimally the parameters of hidden Markov model, and the recursive extended least square algorithm, which estimates optimally the characteristics of the background noise. Simulation suggests that this cross-coupling algorithm convergences consistently, and is very robust to the inexact conformation number.
Algorithms ; Ion Channels ; physiology ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Likelihood Functions ; Models, Theoretical ; Noise ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; methods ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted