Objective To observe the effect of Huanyuan Injection on TNF－ α 、 sIL－ 2R in patients with acute Intracranial hemorrhage.Method Sixty patients were randomly selected and divided into two groups.TNF－ α 、 sIL－ 2R in the blood of the patients were observed before and after therapy with Huanyuan Injection.Result Increasing level of TNF－ α 、 sIL－ 2R could be detected,at the same time,Huayuan Injection could react on the differentiation.Conclusion The effect of Hyanyuan Injection on the levels of TNF－ α 、 sIL－ 2R may show some insight on its therapeutic mechanism for acute hemorrhage stroke.

Objective To compare the efficacies of total gastrectomy (TG) and proximal gastrectomy (PG) for patients with upper gastric cancer.Methods Databases including Medline,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang database were searched to retrieve literatures on surgical treatment of upper gastric cancer which were published from January 1980 to October 2011.According to different surgical procedures,all the patients were divided into PG group and TG group.Meta analysis were performed by RevMan 5.1.Categorical variables were presented by odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (95％CI).Results Thirteen literatures including 2622 patients with upper gastric cancer were retrieved.There were 1464 patients in the TG group and 1158 patients in the PG group.There was no significant difference in the 1-year survival rate between the 2 groups (OR =1.23,P ＞ 0.05).The 3-and 5-year survival rates of patients in the TG group were significantly higher than those of the PG group (OR =1.74,1.45,P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant difference in the 5-year survival rates of patients in TNM Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅳ stages between the 2 groups (OR =0.94,1.31,2.03,P ＞ 0.05),while the 5-year survival rate of patients in TNM Ⅲ stage of TG group was significantly higher than PG group (OR =2.29,P ＜ 0.05) The overall recurrence rate of TG group was slightly lower than that of PG group,with no significant difference OR =0.44,P ＞ 0.05).The local recurrence rate of TG group was significantly lower than that of PG group (OR =0.29,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the distal recurrence rate between the 2 groups (OR =0.60,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The medium and longterm efficacies of TG are superior than that of PG.The stage of cancer should be taken into account to determine the plan of individual treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of β-elemene on SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line and the potential proteins involved. Methods Human SGC7901 gastric cancer cells were treated with different concentrations ofβ-elemene.Cell viability was assessed.A proteomic method,isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ),was employed to detect the proteins altered by β-elemene.Protein expression was validated by Western blot.Results β-elemene inhibited the viability of SGC7901 gastric cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner.Altogether,147 upregulated proteins and 86 downregulated proteins were identified in response to β-elemene treatment in SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line.Among them,the expressions of p21-activated protein kinase-interacting protein 1 (PAK1IP1 ),Bcl-2-associated transcription factor 1 (BTF)and topoisomerase 2-alpha (TOPIIα)were validated by Western blot and the trends were consistent with iTRAQ results.Top pathways involved inβ-elemene treatment in SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line included ribosome signaling,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)signaling pathway,regulation of actin cytoskeleton,phagosome,biosynthesis and metabolism of some amino acids.Conclusion Our results suggest a promising therapeutic role of β-elemene for gastric cancer.The differentially expressed proteins give us better insights into the potential mechanisms involved in gastric cancer treatment using β-elemene.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of β-elemene in suppressing the proliferation and apoptosis of SGC7901 gastric cancer cells in vitro and explore the underlying mechanisms.

METHODSUsing MTT assay, flow cytometry, and clonogenic survival assay, we assessed the effects of β-elemene on the viability, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and clonogenic survival of gastric cancer SGC7901 cells and gastric mucosal epithelial GES-1 cells. Western blotting was employed to determine the changes in the protein expression profiles in SGC7901 cells in response to β-elemene treatment.

RESULTSβ-elemene significantly suppressed the cell viability and increased the apoptosis of SGC7901 cells, and these effects were less obvious in GES-1 cells. β-elemene decreased clonogenic survival of SGC7901 cells, increased the proportion of G2/M phase cells, decreased the expression of Bcl-2, and increased the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3. β-elemene did not obviously affect the expression of total p21-activated protein kinase 1 (Pak1) but decreased the level of phospho-Pak1 (Thr423) and phospho-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) in SGC7901 cells.

CONCLUSIONβ-elemene inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of gastric cancer cells possibly by inhibiting Pak1/ERK signaling and regulating apoptosis-associated proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bax.

Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; metabolism ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Division ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Humans ; Sesquiterpenes ; pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology

Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) that parasitize the globally threatened swan goose Anser cygnoides have been long recognized since the early 19th century, but those records were probably biased towards sampling of captive or domestic geese due to the small population size and limited distribution of its wild hosts. To better understand the lice species parasitizing swan geese that are endemic to East Asia, we collected chewing lice from 14 wild geese caught at 3 lakes in northeastern Mongolia. The lice were morphologically identified as 16 Trinoton anserinum (Fabricius, 1805), 11 Ornithobius domesticus Arnold, 2005, and 1 Anaticola anseris (Linnaeus, 1758). These species are known from other geese and swans, but all of them were new to the swan goose. This result also indicates no overlap in lice species between older records and our findings from wild birds. Thus, ectoparasites collected from domestic or captive animals may provide biased information on the occurrence, prevalence, host selection, and host-ectoparasite interactions from those on wild hosts.
Animals ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Birds ; Far East ; Geese* ; Lakes ; Mastication* ; Mongolia ; Phthiraptera* ; Population Density ; Prevalence

Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) that parasitize the globally threatened swan goose Anser cygnoides have been long recognized since the early 19th century, but those records were probably biased towards sampling of captive or domestic geese due to the small population size and limited distribution of its wild hosts. To better understand the lice species parasitizing swan geese that are endemic to East Asia, we collected chewing lice from 14 wild geese caught at 3 lakes in northeastern Mongolia. The lice were morphologically identified as 16 Trinoton anserinum (Fabricius, 1805), 11 Ornithobius domesticus Arnold, 2005, and 1 Anaticola anseris (Linnaeus, 1758). These species are known from other geese and swans, but all of them were new to the swan goose. This result also indicates no overlap in lice species between older records and our findings from wild birds. Thus, ectoparasites collected from domestic or captive animals may provide biased information on the occurrence, prevalence, host selection, and host-ectoparasite interactions from those on wild hosts.
Animals ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Birds ; Far East ; Geese* ; Lakes ; Mastication* ; Mongolia ; Phthiraptera* ; Population Density ; Prevalence

Objective To investigate the effects ofβ-elemene in suppressing the proliferation and apoptosis of SGC7901 gastric cancer cells in vitro and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods Using MTT assay, flow cytometry, and clonogenic survival assay, we assessed the effects ofβ-elemene on the viability, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and clonogenic survival of gastric cancer SGC7901 cells and gastric mucosal epithelial GES-1 cells. Western blotting was employed to determine the changes in the protein expression profiles in SGC7901 cells in response toβ-elemene treatment. Resultsβ-elemene significantly suppressed the cell viability and increased the apoptosis of SGC7901 cells, and these effects were less obvious in GES-1 cells.β-elemene decreased clonogenic survival of SGC7901 cells, increased the proportion of G2/M phase cells, decreased the expression of Bcl-2, and increased the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3. β-elemene did not obviously affect the expression of total p21-activated protein kinase 1 (Pak1) but decreased the level of phospho-Pak1 (Thr423) and phospho-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) in SGC7901 cells. Conclusion β-elemene inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of gastric cancer cells possibly by inhibiting Pak1/ERK signaling and regulating apoptosis-associated proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bax.

Objective To investigate the effects ofβ-elemene in suppressing the proliferation and apoptosis of SGC7901 gastric cancer cells in vitro and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods Using MTT assay, flow cytometry, and clonogenic survival assay, we assessed the effects ofβ-elemene on the viability, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and clonogenic survival of gastric cancer SGC7901 cells and gastric mucosal epithelial GES-1 cells. Western blotting was employed to determine the changes in the protein expression profiles in SGC7901 cells in response toβ-elemene treatment. Resultsβ-elemene significantly suppressed the cell viability and increased the apoptosis of SGC7901 cells, and these effects were less obvious in GES-1 cells.β-elemene decreased clonogenic survival of SGC7901 cells, increased the proportion of G2/M phase cells, decreased the expression of Bcl-2, and increased the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3. β-elemene did not obviously affect the expression of total p21-activated protein kinase 1 (Pak1) but decreased the level of phospho-Pak1 (Thr423) and phospho-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) in SGC7901 cells. Conclusion β-elemene inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of gastric cancer cells possibly by inhibiting Pak1/ERK signaling and regulating apoptosis-associated proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bax.

OBJECTIVETo study radiation-enhancing effects on human gastric cancer MKN28 cell line and underlying mechanisms of β-elemene.

METHODSInhibition of MKN28 cell proliferation at different concentrations of β-elemene was assessed using the methyl thiazolyl blue colorimetric method (MTT method), with calculation of IC50 value and choice of 20% of the IC50 as the experimental drug concentration. Irradiation group and β-elemene+irradiation group were established, and the cell survival fraction (SF) was calculated from flat panel colony forming analysis, and fitted by the 'multitarget click mathematical model'. Draw the survival curve and get the radiobiological parameters D0, Dq, SF2, N and SER. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect changes in the cell cycle and cell apoptosis rates was detected by Annexin-V/PI assay.

RESULTSβ-elemene exerted inhibitory effects on proliferation of gastric cancer MKN28 cells, with an IC50 of 45.6 mg/L and we chose 8 mg/L as the experimental concentration. The cell survival fraction of MKN28 cells with irradiation decreased significantly after treated with β-elemene; D0, Dq decreased, SER = 1.3. After combined treatment of β-elemene+irradiation, the results of FCM showed that cells could be arrested in the G2/M phase and the cell apoptosis increased significantly.

CONCLUSIONSβ-elemene can enhance the radiosensitivity of gastric cancer MKN28 cell line. Mechanistically, β-elemene mainly influences the cell cycle distribution of MKN28 cells by inducing G2/M phase arrest, inhibits the repair of sublethal damage and induces cell apoptosis to enhance the killing effects of radioactive rays.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Humans ; Radiation Tolerance ; drug effects ; Sesquiterpenes ; pharmacology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology