Objective To evaluate the CT findings of the parotid basal cell adenoma and it's diagnostic value.Methods The CT appearances of 10 patients with parotid basal cell adenoma confirmed by histopathology were reviewed retrospectively.The plain and the contrast-enhanced CT scan were performed in all cases.Results The well-defined mass in varied size with marked enhancement in contrast-enhanced CT imagines,in which the CT value increased to 200Hu maximally(average,84Hu),were the pathognomonic CT characteristics of the parotid basal cell adenoma.Conclusion The qualitative diagnosis of the parotid basal cell adenoma could be made based on the CT findings combined with some valuable clinical information before operation.

Objective To explore prevention of cyclosporine A (CsA) combined with Cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) against murine graft versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).Methods C57BL/6 (H-2Kb) mice were used as donors and BALB/c (H-2Kd) mice as recipients,which were randomly divided into 4 groups.The mice in total body irradiation group (TBI group) were lethally irradiated and injected intravenously with PBS; The mice in Allo-HSCT group (BS group) were lethally irradiated and injected intravenously with bone marrow cells and spleen cells; The mice in CsA intervention group (CsA group) were injected with CsA intraperitoneally after allo-HSCT; The mice in CsA combine with CoPP intervention group (combination group) received both CsA and CoPP intraperitoneally after alloHSCT.Recipients were monitored for condition,survival rate and weight.The liver,small intestine and skin in the recipients were gained and pathological changes of GVHD were assessed.The kidney was stained with Masson staining dye to observe the tissue fibrosis.The expression levels of renal HO-1 mRNA in the recipients were detected.Results In contrast to BS and CsA groups,GVHD degree in combination group was mild,with less reduction and quick recovery of weight.On the day 30 after HSCT,survival rate in BS group was 36.8％,and that in combination group and CsA group was 69.6％ and 53.5％ respectively (P＜0.05).In comparison with BS and CsA groups,pathological changes in combination group were mild,cellular edema and degeneration degree of the liver,small intestine and skin were slight,and few necrosis and infiltrated inflammatory cells were observed.Tubulointerstitial fibrosis hardly occurred in combination group,but it occurred in CsA group abundantly.As compared with BS group,the expression levels of HO-1 mRNA was increased in combination group,while decreased in CsA group (P＜0.05).Conclusion CsA combined with CoPP enhanced the protective effect of CsA against GVHD,moreover,CoPP could alleviate the side effects of CsA,which might be related with up-regulation of the expression levels of HO-1.

Objective To analyze the potential factors facilitating post-pyloric placement of spiral naso-jejunum tube in critically ill patients.Methods A retrospective study was carried out in patients requiring enteral nutrition (EN) from Apr 2005 through Dec 2011 in Intensive Care Unit (ICU).Severity of illness was assessed with APACHE Ⅱ score (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ).A selfpropelled spiral naso-jejunum tube was placed and observed for 24 hours.The forward movement and place of the tube tip was checked by bedside X-ray.The APACHE Ⅱ score,therapeutic measures,agents administered within 24 hours after tube insertion were recorded.The patients were divided into the success group and the failure group identified by bedside X-ray whether the tube tip entered into jejunum or not.Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to find out the potential factors impacting on the success or failure in post-pyloric placement of naso-jejunum tube.Results A total of 508 patients composed of 337 male and 171 female,and aged (62.0 ± 19.2) years with APACHE Ⅱ score of (21.9 ± 7.3) were enrolled for study.The placement was successful in 205 (40.4％) of 508 patients.Univariate analysis showed that APACHE Ⅱ score ≥ 20,sedatives and analgesics,catecholamines,prokinetics,artificial airway and mechanical ventilation were potential factors facilitating the post-pyloric placement of naso-jejunum tube.Multivariate logistic regression identified that APACHE Ⅱ score ≥ 20,sedatives and analgesics and prokinetics were independent factors facilitating the post-pyloric placement of naso-jejunum tube.Conclusions The success rate of self-propelled spiral nasojejunal tubes insertion was relatively low.The prokinetics contributed higher success rate of naso-jejunum tube placement than factors of APACHE Ⅱ score ≥ 20,sedative and analgesic,catecholamine drugs,artificial airway and mechanical ventilation.There were no effects of age and gender on the placement of naso-jejunum tube.

OBJECTIVE: To raise clinical awareness of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) increased as initial manifestation of medullary thyroid cancer(MTC) and explore the diagnosis and treatment. METHOD: Clinical data of 2 cases CEA increased as the initial presentation of MTC were retrospectively analyzed and clinical manifestations of the disease, diagnosis, treatment were also discussed by literature reviewing. RESULT: Two patients received thyroid ipsilateral lobe total resection, MTC was confirmed by intraoperative frozen pathology, re-total resection of the contralateral lobe and bilateral VI lymph node dissection were performed. Lymph nodes had no metastasis confirmed by pathological frozen examination. CEA returned to normal within 2 months after surgery. No tumor recurrence and metastasis were found after follow-up for 3 to 24 months. CONCLUSION CEA increased as the initial presentation MTC was rare and clinical identification of CEA increased disease should be taken into account the MTC as possible. Total thyroidectomy and bilateral VI lymph node dissection was the main surgical treatment for it.
Adult ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of submandibular gland transfer for prevention of xerostomia after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHOD: Sixty-five cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were randomly divided into study group of 32 patients and control group of 33 patents. The submandibular gland was transferred to submental region on 32 cases with nasopharyngeal carcinoma before receiving conventional radiotherapy and a block was used to cover the submental region. Before radiotherapy, two groups of submandibular gland function was detected by imaging of the submandibular gland. At 60 months after radiotherapy, submandibular gland function was detected by 99mTc radionuclide scanning, the questionnaire about the degree of xerostomia was investigated respectively. Five-year survival rate was counted. RESULT: After following up for 60 months, submandibular gland uptake and secretion function in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group, there was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01) respectively. The incidence of moderate or severe xerostomia in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (15.4% vs 76.9%, P < 0.01). Five-year survival rate of the study group and control group was 81.3% and 78.8% respectively, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The long-term efficacy of submandibular gland transfer for prevention of xerostomia after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma was well. It could improve the quality of life in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after radiotherapy, and did not affect the long-term efficacy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Adult ; Carcinoma ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Prospective Studies ; Radiotherapy ; adverse effects ; Submandibular Gland ; surgery ; Xerostomia ; etiology ; prevention & control

Objective To establish a stable lung cancer A549 cell line transfected by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression vector,and to observe the effect of AMPK on proliferation as well as on the invasive ability of A549 cells.Methods Full-length of AMPK gene was amplified and its target gene was digested,then inserted into the GV358 plasmid.Co-tranfected 293T cells were subjected to the lentivirus equipment package.Subsequently,we collected the lentivirus supernatant to infect the A549 cells and establish a stably,overexpressed cell line A549.The mRNA and protein of AMPK were examined by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting.The proliferation and invasion abilities of A549 cells were detected by methyl thiazolyl thiazolium (MTT) and Transwell assay.Results GV358-AMPK lentivirus vectors was successfully constructed by restrictive enzyme digestion and plasmid sequencing.There were significantly increased expressions of AMPK protein (5.87 times,P =0.002) and mRNA (16.12 times,P ＜ 0.001) after transfected with GV358-AMPK compared with the Vector group.Meanwhile,AMPK overexpression showed significantly lower proliferation (the forth day:0.53 ± 0.03 vs.0.64 ±0.05,P=0.021;the fifth day:0.58 ± 0.04 vs.0.80 ± 0.07,P =0.002) and weaken invasive ability [(1.6±0.5) ×l05 vs.(3.4±0.3) ×105,P=0.004] ofA549 cells.Conclusion The lentiviralAMPK expression vector and its A549 cell line is successfully constructed.AMPK overexpression inhibits the proliferation and invasive ability of A549 cells.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of the lentiviral vector mediated CXCR4 overexpressed mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) on graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).

METHODSLentiviral vector containing CXCR4 was constructed. CXCR4 overexpressed MSC by lentiviral vector mediated were assessed. A major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched mouse model of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from C57BL/6 donors to BALB/c recipients was constructed. Mice were divided into five groups: total body irradiation (TBI) group, mice received irradiation only; BMT group, mice were transplanted with bone marrow (BM) after TBI; GVHD group, mice were transplanted with BM and splencytes after TBI; CXCR4-MSC group, mice were transplanted with CXCR4-MSC, BM and splencytes after TBI; EGFP-MSC group, mice were transplanted with EGFP-MSC, BM and splencytes after TBI. The survival, body weight and clinical score of GVHD in transplanted mice were monitored. Liver, intestine and skin from mice in each group were obtained for histological examination. Plasma concentrations of inflammation factors such as interleukin (IL)-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α were also determined using a cytometric bead array cytokine kit.

RESULTSAll mice in TBI group died within 14 days, while all of BMT group survived. The mean survival times for GVHD, EGFP-MSC and CXCR4-MSC groups were (17.0 ± 2.3) d, (21.7 ± 4.8) d and (30.1 ± 9.1) d, respectively. Treatment with CXCR4 over-expressing MSCs could decrease the mortality rate. All mice in each group developed clinical signs such as hunched posture, dull fur, diarrhea and weight loss. Meanwhile, histopathological findings in target organs were confirmed the presence of GVHD. While, clinical GVHD scores and histopathological scores in CXCR4-MSC group were significantly lower than that of GVHD group. Moreover, compared with control groups, the plasma IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α level in recipients infused with CXCR4-MSC were significantly decreased (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe results revealed that CXCR4- transduced MSCs could effectively control the occurrence of mouse GVHD following allogeneic BM transplantation.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cytokines ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; immunology ; Mice ; Receptors, CXCR4 ; genetics ; immunology ; Transplantation, Homologous

Adenoid cystic carcinoma usually occurs in the salivary glands of the head and neck. It is a malignant tumor with a high degree of malignancy, resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy and poor prognosis. The clinical course of adenoid cystic carcinoma is slow and easy to be misdiagnosed. The main diagnosis and treatment means are individualized and precise treatment under the multi-disciplinary consultation mode, that is, surgical treatment and radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Adenoid cystic carcinoma is prone to relapse and hematologic metastasis, and the traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy based therapies have not achieved satisfactory efficacy in the past three decades. How to detect, diagnose and treat early is an urgent task faced by clinicians.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/pathology* ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neck/pathology* ; Oropharynx/pathology* ; Diagnostic Errors

Anterograde viral tracers are powerful and essential tools for dissecting the output targets of a brain region of interest. They have been developed from herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) strain H129 (H129), and have been successfully applied to map diverse neural circuits. Initially, the anterograde polysynaptic tracer H129-G4 was used by many groups. We then developed the first monosynaptic tracer, H129-dTK-tdT, which was highly successful, yet improvements are needed. Now, by inserting another tdTomato expression cassette into the H129-dTK-tdT genome, we have created H129-dTK-T2, an updated version of H129-dTK-tdT that has improved labeling intensity. To help scientists produce and apply our H129-derived viral tracers, here we provide the protocol describing our detailed and standardized procedures. Commonly-encountered technical problems and their solutions are also discussed in detail. Broadly, the dissemination of this protocol will greatly support scientists to apply these viral tracers on a large scale.

The complexity of oral ulcerations poses considerable diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to oral specialists. The expert consensus was conducted to summarize the diagnostic work-up for difficult and complicated oral ulcers, based on factors such as detailed clinical medical history inquiry, histopathological examination, and ulceration-related systemic diseases screening. Not only it can provide a standardized procedure of oral ulceration, but also it can improve the diagnostic efficiency, in order to avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.
Consensus ; Humans ; Oral Ulcer/therapy*