r governments and mescal institutions in their prevention and control.

Objective:To compare dexamethasone and granisetron for the prevention of PONV(Postoperative nausea and vomiting) after LC(Laparoscopic cholecystemy).Methods:A total of 80 patients were randomly divided into four groups(n= 20 each).A:dexamethasone 8 mg group;B:granisetron 3 mg,C:combined application group,D were the control group.All patients were given the similiar standardized anesthesia and operative treatment.PONV were assessed during the first 24 h after operations.Results:Group A,B and C got higher scores of PONV than the control group(P

Prion diseases are infectious and fatal neurodegenerative diseases. The pathogenic agent is an abnormal prion protein aggregate. Microglial activation in the centre nervous system is a characteristic feature of prion disease. In this study, we examined the effect of PrP 106-126 on PrP mRNA gene expression in Mouse microglia cells BV-2 by real-time quantitative PCR. PrP mRNA expression level was found to be significantly increased after 18 h exposure of BV-2 cells to PrP 106-126, with 3-fold increase after 18 h and 4.5-fold increase after 24 h and BV-2 cells proliferating occurred correspondingly. Our results provide the first in vitro evidence of the increase of PrP mRNA levels in microglial cells exposed to PrP 106-126, and indicate that microglial cells might play a critical role in prion pathogenesis.

Objective To investigate the change of Na+ /dicarboxylate cotransporter (SDCT) 1 expression in renal tissues of rats with nephrolithiasis induced by ethylene glycol (EG) and the mechanism of potassium citrate prevention. Methods Male Wistar rats were divided into control, nephrolithiasis and potassium citrate treated groups. Calcium oxalate crystal deposition and histological changes in kidney were examined by anatomical and light microscope. The plasma and urinary biochemical parameters, such as citrate, oxalate etc., were analyzed by routine biochemical method. The expression of SDCT1 mRNA in kidneys was determined by Northern blot, and the change of SDCT1 protein abundance was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results On day 3, the animals in the nephrolithiasis group had a higher level of SDCT1 mRNA and protein abundance in kidneys, as well as a lower level of citrate in the urine when compared with the control group. However none of the rats in this group had obviously calcium oxalate crystal deposition in kidneys. On day 7 and 14, the expression of SDCT1 mRNA and protein abundance were shown further increase, when the urinary citrate concentration was decreased progressively, and 87. 5% to 100% of the rats in this group displayed a large quantity of calcium crystal deposition in the kidney. In the potassium citrate treated group, both the expression of SDCT1 mRNA and protein abundance were shown almost complete inhibited during the whole experiment time, meanwhile the urinary citrate level was significantly elevated with time; furthermore, the occurrence of the renal crystal deposition decreased to 37. 5% on day 14, and the pathologic changes such as tubular dilation and inflammatory cells infiltration were shown to be alleviated. Conclusions The upregulation of SDCT1 mRNA and protein abundance in kidney has a close relationship with hypocitraturia, which may play an important role in the development of nephroliathisis. The treatment with potassium citrate has a beneficial effect on the experimental nephrolithiasis rats through inhibiting the expression of SDCT1 in the renal tissue.

ObjectⅣe To investigate the effect of sense and antisense TIMP-1 on the expression of FN and type Ⅳ collagen of rat glomerular mesangial cells in vitro. Methods Two recombinant retroviral vectors, pLXIN-TIMP-1 (PLT)encoding sense TIMP-1 and pLXIN-ATIMP-1 (PLA)encoding antisense TIMP-1 were constructed by using DNA recombining techniques. These two vectors were then introduced into the PA317 packaging cell line with lipofectin DOTAP. The high-titer retroviral supematants containing sense or antisense TIMP-1 were used to infect rat glomerular mesangial cells. PCR and Northern blot were used to detect the integration and expression of human TIMP-1. Northern blot and ELISA were employed to investigate the expression of endogenous TIMP-1, FN, and Ⅳ collagen. Results Both sense and antisense TIMP-1 were successfully integrated into rat mesangial cells and expressed the sense and antisense ITMP-1 RNA. Overexpression of TIMP-1 induced by sense TIMP-1 caused upregulation of FN and Ⅳ type collagen in protein level, in contrast, supprssion of TIMP-1 expression by antisense TIMP-1 caused downregulation of FN and Ⅳ type collagen protein; but neither sense nor antisense TIMP-1 infection had effects on the RNA level of FN and Ⅳ type collagen. Conclusion TIMP-1 suppresses the degradation of ECM in rat glomerular mesangial cells and antisense TIMP-1 may be available for renal fibrosis in the future.

Current reform of higher medical education focuses on curriculum integration and corresponding reconstruction of teaching system. Chongqing Medical University has carried out the reform of medical personnel training mode from basic to clinical, which has achieved certain results. Three aspects including teaching content, teaching methods and appraisal system of the urogenital system curriculum integration are introduced in the paper. In the teaching content, the parts related to urogenital system in basic subjects and clinical subjects are extracted and integrated. In the process of teaching implementation, a teaching team is set up across departments and multidisciplinary joint teaching is carried out. In order to arouse the enthusiasm of students, inspire and cultivate students' scientific research thinking by improving teaching methods, several teaching methods such as case introduction teaching method, question discussion and debate meeting are used. Scientific evaluation system is used to observe and record the whole process of students' learning. Meanwhile, some existing problems and solutions of curriculum integration are discussed in the paper to provide references for peers in relevant colleges and universities.

Objective To investigate the effects of hydrogen on post - cardiac arrest brain injury in rabbits.Method Sixty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into two groups,namely experiment group ( group A,n =30 ) and control group ( group B,n =30 ).Inhalation of 2％ hydrogen gas was conferred to rabbits immediately at the end of cardiac arrest modeling for 72 hours in the group A. Air instead was given to rabbits in the group B.Blood samples were collected before cardiac arrest (CA),and 4,12,24 and 72 hours after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in all rabbits for determining the levels of hydrogen,tumor necrosis factor - α ( TNF - α),neuron - specific enolase (NSE) and protein S100β.At the same time,rectal temperature,mean arterial pressure,heart rate and respiration rate were recorded,and the neurologic deficit scoring (NDS) was carried out.The rate of systemic inflammatory response syndrome ( SIRS ) and the rate of survival of rabbits were analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in level of TNF - α activation between group A and group B within12 h of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).In group A,TNF - α level and the rate of SIRS peaked at 24 hours after CPR,which were higher than those in group B,and then decreased gradually,and the rate of survival was higher than that in group B in 72 hours after ROSC,the NSE was lower than that in group B at 24 hours after ROSC.In group B,S100β level began to increase significantly 4 hours after CPR,which was higher than that in group A,the level of NDS in group B was higher than that in group A 72 hours after ROSC.Conclusions Inhalation of hydrogen gas lessened inflammation and alleviated the brain injury after CPR.

Objective To compare the screening effects between Wells and revised Geneva scores on suspected acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APTE),and to explore a optimum screening method for APTE in the emergency department of China.Methods The study was carried out by using random,crossed,prospective methods to compare the screening effects between Wells and revised Geneva scores for 167 suspected APTE patients in the emergency department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University.Results The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of Wells and revised Geneva scores for screening APTE in the emergency department were (0.917 ± 0.022 ) and (0.927 ± 0.020),respectively ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The diagnostic concordance between the two score systems for predicting APTE was poor (Kappa value =0.276 ). In addition, the difference between their hierarchical discrimination for the possibility of APTE was statistically significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with revised Geneva score,fewer patients were diagnosed with low clinical probability of APTE and more patients were diagnosed with intermediate or high clinical probability of APTE through Wells score.The patients with low chnical probability of APTE were excluded from pulmonary embolism in Wells or revised Geneva score.At intermediate clinical probability,the accuracy rate of Wells score for predicting APTE (9.64％) was lower than that (32.84％ ) of revised Geneva ( P ＜ 0.05 ).At high clinical probability,there was no significant difference between their accuracy rate [ (67.24％ vs.86.21％),P＞0.05]. Conclusions Revised Geneva score is more suitable than Wells score in screening suspected APTE patients in the emergency department in our country.

Objective To assess the changes of humidity and ammonia concentration in rat and mouse individually ventilated cages (IVC) based on macroenvironmental humidity and air ventilation changes .Methods Three kinds of rat and mouse IVC in barrier facilities were set as research objective .The changes of micronvironmental humidity and ammonia concentration at 40 times/h and 60 times /h air changes were detected continuously for a 7-days-cycle relative to low (40%), moderate (50%), and high (60%) macroenvironmental humidity.Results Mouse and rat IVC with 40 times /h air changes under low macroenvironmental humidity condition , mouse IVC with 40 times/h and rat IVC with 60 times/h air changes under moderate macroenvironmental humidity condition , mouse IVC with 60 times /h air changes under high macroenvironmental humidity condition , basically meet the GB14925-2010 requirements.While under macroenvironmental high humidity condition, the microenvironments of rat and mouse IVC with 60 times/h air changes could not satisfy the requirements.Conclusions The environmental humidity and ventilation frequency are the key index of IVC microenvironment.Only on the basis of external environment conditions to set up reasonable IVC ventilation frequency in order to better maintain the IVC microenvironment so that to achieve the goal of effective management .

Objective To define dynamic changes of viral loads and antibody responses in ICR mice naturally infected with hepatitis virus in an MHV contaminative facility .Method A total 50 ICR were housed by different “dirty bedding” exposure.Antigen and antibody was detected after 2,4,8,14,21,28,35,42,56 and 84 days.Result Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) was detected in lung after 2 days, and positive rate is 20% (1/5).MHV was detected in lung, liver, cecal and feces during 4 and 56 days.The positive rate was 0/5 in lung, liver, cecal and feces on 84 days after experiments.Antibody positive rates were 100%during 8 and 84 days.Conclusion Serological method can be used as the main method for the diagnosis of the daily supervision , and antigen detection method can only be applied to early diagnosis .