This paper discussed constructing the preventive medicine experiment demonstration teaching center,promoting the reform and innovation on nutrition and food hygiene,and put forward such teaching reformation and methods as innovative teaching idea for the specialty to keep up with time and the combination of modularization and systematization.

To elevate the teaching effect of clinical nutriology in adult education and be satisfied with clinic and society. The exploration is made of choosing textbook and refining teaching material,adjusting teaching methods,paying attention to cultivating practice skills and reform on exam. The results of scores of clinical nutriology and practice skills are good.

Objective To study the cell immunity and eytokines responses to avian influenza A H5N1 virus infections in a BALB/c model to better understand the pathogenesis of H5N1 avian influenza disease. Methods Two hundred and twenty BALB/c mice of the infected group were inoculated with 0.1 ml (10-4.875 TCID50) of A/Goose/Guangdong/NH/2003 ( H5N1 ) virus intra-nasally. Fifty control mice received noninfectious allantoic fluid and another fifty control mice received normal sodium. Blood and spleen samples were collected from the live mice every 24 h during the 14 d post-infection. The changes of CD3 + T cells , CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells for cell immunity in blood circulation and spleen were detected by flow cytometry. And the cytokines and antibody responses in blood circulation were detected by ELISA. Necropsy was performed on mice that died during the experiment and those euthanized at end of study. Results Avian influenza A( H5N1) virus infections can make damages to the cell immune system transiently. The CD3 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, CDS + T cells declined at 24 days post infection in blood circulation and declined at 5-8 days in spleen, then recovered to the normal level gradually. The eytokines responses to the infections can be detected: the level of IFN-γ,TNF-α declined, IL-4, IL-18, IL-10 increased, and IL-2 changed little. The antibody increased rapidly from day 7 post infection until the end of the study (day 14 post infection). Conclusion Collectively, avian influenza A(H5N1) virus can cause cell immunity deficiency and an imbalance in the level of eytokines, which may contribute to the unusual severity of disease caused by the H5N1 avian influenza virus.

Objective To investigate smoking status,knowledge of smoking hazards,attitude of tobacco control and skill of assisting smoking cessation of the staff in a teaching hospital in Chongqing and to provide references for the further construction of‘smoking-free hospital’. Methods General investi-gation was taken on the staff in a teaching hospital in Chongqing with a self-designed questionnaire. Main contents of questionnaire include:social demographic information,smoking status,awareness of tobacco hazard,willingness and methods of tobacco control,etc. All the data were inputted with software Epidata 3.1 and were analyzed with SPSS 13.0. Results The total smoking rate was 9.65%,with 30.49%for male, 2.75%for female and 12.50%for clinician. The age distribution of smoking staff was described as follow-ing:91.97% being under 50 year-old and more than 50.00% being 20-35 year-old. 52.43% of the surveyed did not know Framework Convention of Tobacco Control of WHO . Relatively ,most of the surveyed only knew well the relationship between respiratory diseases and tobacco use and the relation-ship between fetal abnormalities and tobacco use. 84.99%of the surveyed agreed with outdoor-smoking policy;83.56%of the surveyed claimed that they had discouraged smoking behaviors in public at various extents,14.20%of the surveyed agreed that assisting the public in smoking cessation was one of the aims of constructing‘smoking-free hospital’;70.00%clinicians claimed routinely inquiring and noting smok-ing status of patients, which was better than nurses and medical technicians;almost 30.00%clinic staff did not know quitting smoking drugs at all,approximately 70.00%clinic staff claimed a lack of confidence in smoking control and approximately 70.00% clinicians and nurses did not recommend pro-fessional methods of smoking cessation in practice. Conclusions Smoking staff in the teaching hospital are almost younger people,which is an alarm of the urgent need for tobacco control education. Most staff reach a consensus on keeping smoking-free environment in hospital,but they do not sufficiently acknowledge their social responsibility for tobacco control,and also there is a distance before they can serve as a smok-ing cessation assistant. Tobacco control must be incorporated in long-term mechanism of hospital con-struction. There are three steps in the construction of smoking-free hospital:①creating a smoking-free en-vironment in hospital;②encouraging patients to quit smoking and providing professional service of smoking cessation;③making a positive effort on social tobacco control and advocating smoking cessation in public.

Objective To test our hypothesis that sensitivity to avian influenza A(H5N1)virus varies among mouse strain backgrounds, we compared the pathogenicity of H5N1 viral infection in 5 mouse strains. Methods Onehundred-fifty mice from 2 inbred strains(BALB/c and C57BL/6), and 3 outbred stocks(ICR, NIH Swiss, and KM Swiss)were used. Thirty mice of each strain were subjected to an infected group(20 mice), in which mice were inoculated with 0. 1 mL(104.875 TCID50)of A/Goose/Guangdong/NH/2003(H5N1)virus intra-nasally; ten control mice received noninfectious allantoic fluid. Clinical signs were assessed daily for 14 days post-infection. Necropsy was performed on mice that died during the experiment and those euthanized at end of study. Tissue samples were collected for viral isolation and pathological analysis. Results H5N1 virus infection can cause respiratory illness in all 5 strains with severe or minor acute respiratory distress symptoms, but with different mortality rates: 70% in BALB/c; 50% in ICR; 40% in NIH Swiss; 25% in C57BL/6; and 10% in KM Swiss mice. Necrotizing interstitial pneumonia was found in all cases of death. The virus was isolated from the lungs of all infected dead mice. Conclusion A/Goose/Guangdong/NH/2003 (H5N1)virus can infect all mouse strains used in this study, and can cause clinical symptoms and pathological changes similar to those found in humans infected with HSN1 viruses. However, the pathogenicity of H5N1 viral infection varies significantly between the different mouse strains. Thus, in future study of H5N1 virus infections the mouse strain most relevant to their particular research purpose should be selected as animal model.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Exochorda racemosa.

METHODCompounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MCI gel and RP-18 column chromatography, and their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis.

RESULTTwenty compounds were isolated and identified as N-p-coumaroyl-N'-caffeoylputrescine (1), sutherlandin trans-p-coumarate (2), apigenin 7-O-methylglucuronide (3), astragalin (4), nicotiflorin (5), kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside (6), rutin (7), apigenin (8), luteolin (9), linalool-1-oic acid (10), betulalbuside A (11), ursolic acid (12) , corosolic acid (13), gynuramide II (14), beta-sitosterol (15), daucosterol (16), uridine (17), adenosine (18), syringin (19), and trans4-hydroxycinnamic acid (20), respectively.

CONCLUSIONAll compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time, moreover, 1 was reported as a new natural product, and 2 is a naturally rare cyanogenic glycoside.

Apigenin ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; Glucuronides ; chemistry ; Kaempferols ; chemistry ; Luteolin ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Phenols ; chemistry ; Phenylpropionates ; chemistry ; Rosaceae ; chemistry ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry

Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab (H) and pertuzumab (P) combined with different chemotherapy regiments in neoadjuvant therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of the patients with HER2-positive breast cancer who received HP combined with chemotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy and completed surgery. The primary endpoint was total pathologic complete response (tpCR) (ypT0/isypN0), the secondary endpoints were breast pathologic complete response(bpCR) (ypT0/is) and axillary pathologic complete response (apCR) (ypN0), and the factors influencing pCR were analyzed. Results A total of 63 patients were included, of whom 23 were treated with TCbHP, 27 were treated with THP regimen, and 13 were treated with AC-THP. The overall tpCR rate was 65.1%, of which TCbHP was 73.9%, THP was 55.6%, and AC-THP was 69.2%. The tpCR rate of HR-negative patients was 79.2%, higher than that of HR-positive 56.4%. The overall bpCR rate was 69.8%, and apCR rate was 81.0%. Univariate analysis showed that HER2 status was a related factor affecting tpCR (P=0.023). The total effective rate by MRI was 87.3%. The level 3 and 4 toxicity of the TCbHP regimen was slightly higher than those of the THP and the AC-THP regimens. Conclusion HP combined with chemotherapy have achieved relatively high pCR. HER2 status is a related factor that affects tpCR. The adverse reactions are controllable.

Objective To investigate the effect of IFN-γ on the proliferation and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line Eca9706 and related mechanism. Methods Cells were cultured in vitro and treated with interferon-γ. Cell morphology changes were observed under microscope, cell proliferation ability was detected by CCK-8 experiment, and cell migration ability was detected by cell scratch experiment and Transwell experiment. Real-time PCR method was used to detect the expression efficiency of chemokine CXCL8 (interleukin 8), and the ELISA experiment was used to detect the change of CXCL8 secretion. Results Compared with the blank control group, Eca9706 cells treated with different concentrations of interferon-γ did not change significantly in cell morphology. CCK8 experiment confirmed that the proliferation ability of Eca9706 cells after IFN-γ treatment was significantly reduced (P < 0.01). Cell scratch experiment found that IFN-γ significantly decreased the migration ability of Eca9706 cells (P < 0.01). Transwell experiment showed that after IFN-γ treatment, the migration ability of Eca9706 cells was significantly inhibited (P < 0.01). CXCL8 gene expression level in Eca9706 cells treated with interferon-γ was significantly down-regulated (P < 0.01), and the amount of CXCL8 secretion significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Conclusion Interferon-γ can inhibit the proliferation and migration of esophageal cancer cell line Eca9706, which may be related to its inhibition of the expression and secretion of CXCL8.

Objective:To explore the role ofDNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in mouse skin aging.Methods:Epidermal conditional K14 Cre-mediated DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) knockout mice (Mut group,n=4) and the littermate normal mice with the same age (WT group) n=4) were used in this study.HE staining was used to detect the pathological changes of skin;the changes of number in the dermal elastic fibers were detected by Gomori aldehyde fuchsin staining,the number of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled transit amplifying cells (TAC) in epidermis were detected by immunohistochemical staining;the number of chlorodeoxyuridine (CldU)-labelretaining cells (LRC) in epidermis were detected by immunofluorescent staining.Results:Compared with the WT group,the skin showed premature aging symptoms in the Mut group concomitant with the decreased epidermal thickness as well as the number of dermal collagen fibers,while the increased dermal elastic fiber fracture.Compared with the WT group,the number of TAC in the epidermis was significantly increased (P＜0.05),and the number of LRC was significantly decreased (P＜0.05) in the Mut group.Conclusion:The phenotype of skin premature aging in epidermal stem cell conditional DNMT1-knockout mice suggests an important role of DNMT 1 in skin aging.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in infected hepatocytes is the main cause of off-therapy viral rebound. The half-life of cccDNA is only 33-50 days, so the conversion of newly synthesized rcDNA to cccDNA in the nucleus is essential for the maintenance of cccDNA pool in infected hepatocytes. Though not directly targeting the existing cccDNA, current nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) may exhaust the cccDNA reservoir by blocking the rcDNA formation. Indeed, a prolonged consolidation therapy post loss of serum HBV DNA can achieve sustained remission and thus safe drug discontinuation in a small proportion of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. In recent studies, we and others have demonstrated that it is the serum HBV RNA that reflects the cccDNA activity in infected hepatocytes, particularly among the patients on NAs. Here we suggest that instead of measuring serum HBV DNA only, simultaneous measurement of both viral DNA and RNA would improve the accuracy to reflect the cccDNA activity; therefore, the virological response should be redefined as consistent loss (less than the lower limit of detection) of both serum HBV DNA and RNA, which indicates the safety of drug discontinuation. Accumulating evidence has suggested that for the CHB patients with lower serum HBsAg, switch-to or add-on pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) treatment would result in loss of serum HBsAg in a relatively large proportion of CHB patients. Since serum HBV RNA is an ideal biomarker to reflect the intrahepatic cccDNA activity, for the patients with a serum HBsAg level lower than 1 500 IU/ml after long-term NAs treatment, the serum HBV RNA should be measured. If serum HBV RNA is detected, peg-IFN should be added on; if serum HBV RNA is not detected, NAs treatment should be switched to peg-IFN treatment. We believe the therapy based on serum HBV RNA would make the functional cure of CHB (serum HBsAg loss or even conversion to anti-HBs) more efficient.