Objective:To study the teeth of the ancients in Xia Dynasty,the first dynasty in Chinese history about 4 000 years ago,and acquaint ourselves with their incidences of periodontal disease,and the evolution of oral diseases.Methods:The teeth and jaws excavated in Erlitoou,Henan Province and Youyao,Shanxi Province were observed with clinical methods.The specimens totaled 56 individuals(male 38,and female 18),including 894 teeth,and 86 dental arches.The objects were all permanent teeth.The major observation items were periodontal disease.The prevalence of periodontal disease of the people in Chinese Xia Dynasty were outlined.Results:The prevalence rate of periodontal disease was 19.80% in the 894 teeth,while prevalence rate was about 42.86% among the individuals.The premortal tooth lossrate was 7.45% in the observed teeth.Conclusion:Periodontal disease is an aging-related disease without sex difference and commonly seen in the mandible,which is quite similar to the situation at present.The periodontal disease was the main reason for tooth loss in people of Xia Dynasty.

Objective To determine whether preoperative embolization is a valuable adjunct to surgical excision of hemangioblastoma. Methods Eleven cases of hemangioblastoma, involving 8 of cerebellum , 1 of medulla oblongata and 2 of spinal cord shown by CT, MR and DSA were embolized preoperatively. The feeding arteries were catheterized with microcatheter and devascularized with polyvinyl alchol particles. Results The blood supplies of the tumor in 6 cases were completely eliminated, and partial occlusion through embolization were undergone for the other 5 cases. Surgical operation was undergone 1-7 days later with all, the 11 tumors totally resected acompanied by minimal blood loss and shortening of the operation time. In addition, manipulation and removal of these embolized tumors were actually easier than expected. No complications occurred during the procedures of embolization and operation. Conclusions Preoperative embolization of hemangioblastoma is a useful and relatively safe to surgical complete resection of this hypervascular tumor with significant reduction of blood loss and operation time.

Objective To investigate the changes of electrolyte metabolism in patients undergoing moderate elective abdominal operation,and explore its relationship with postoperative complications.Methods The clinical data of 1117 inpatients (age ≥ 18 years) who had undergone moderate elective abdominal operation in the Department of General Surgery of Beijing Hospital from January 1,2011 to December 31,2011 were retrospectively analyzed.They received postoperative fasting for ≥ 3 days,and the preoperative liver function and renal function were normal.The perioperative electrolyte changes and clinical outcomes were recorded.For patients with normal preoperative electrolytes but abnormal postoperative electrolytes,its potential correlations with the postoperative infections and total complications were analyzed.Results The rates of abnormal postoperative electrolytes were as follows:potassium,24.1％ ; sodium,6.4％ ; chloride,27.6％ ; calcium,61.7％ ; magnesium,16.3％ ; and phosphorus,71％.The vast majority of ion levels were below the normal levels.The total complication rate was 19.7％ and the postoperative infection rate was 17.19％.Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the postoperative total and infective complications were significantly associated with the increased (P =0.007) or decreased (P =0.007) serum potassium,the decreased serum sodium (P =0.016),the decreased serum phosphorus (P =0.004),and the decreased magnesium (P =0.049).Conclusions Electrolyte decrease is common after moderate elective abdominal operations.There is a certain correlation between postoperative electrolyte decrease and postoperative complications.Therefore,attention should be paid to maintain electrolyte balance during the perioperative period.

Objective To analyze the results of the final aviation medical examination of 1281 students recruited into Air Force youth aviation schools in Hunan and Hubei provinces in order to provide reference for establishing the items and standards of medical selection .Methods The data of 1281 students who participated in final aviation medical examination of Air Force youth aviation schools in 2016 were collected , who came from 28 cities in the above two provinces .The disqualification rate and related unqualified medical items were calculated , and the differences of the disqualification rate and medical geographical areas in the 28 cities were analyzed .Results According to the disqualification rate , the top five departments were ophthalmology , otolaryngology, surgery, radiology and ultrasonic departments .The top 10 unqualified items were the lack of distant vision , fundus diseases , nasal anomaly , ametropia and strabismus , spine abnormality , audition abnormality, vestibular function badness , vitreous opacity, and lens abnormalities.There was no significant difference between the 28 cities in the disqualification rate (P >0.05) or between the two provinces (P >0.05). Conclusion The results of the final aviation medical examination reflect the quality and efficiency of the initial aviation medical examination .To improve the quality of medical selection , further research is needed to set a scientific standard for the initial aviation medical examination while strengthening the scientific protection and intervention of distant vision .The efficiency of selection depends on improving the accuracy of initial aviation medical examination in nasal cavity structure, body shape ,and lens opacity .With a better understanding of the disqualification rate and abnormal items in different cities , a scientific arrangement of professional staff and technical force can make the initial aviation medical examination better, thus effectively reducing the rate of false elimination rate and misdiagnosis .

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of Saussurea involucrate injection in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in rats.Methods A total of 80 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups:SAP group (three hours、48 hours),Saussurea involucrate treated group (three hours、48 hours),ulinastatin control group (three hours、48 hours) and sham operation group (three hours、48 hours),10 rats in each group.After modeling,the rats of SAP group were regularly feeded and the rats of other three group were treated with Saussurea involucrate injection (1.04 mL/kg) intraperitoneal injection,ulinastatin 10 000 U/L tail vein injection,and saline femoral vein injection,respectively and injected every 12 hours.At three hours and 48 hours after treated,blood and pancreatic tissue samples were obtained.The mortality rate,serum amylase level and pathological changes of the pancreas of each group were observed.Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α),interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 levels were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in pancreatic tissues was determined by chemical colorimetry.The level of TNF-α mRNA,IL 6 mRNA and IL-10 mRNA in pancreatic tissues were measured with reverse trascription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The activity of nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) in the pancreatic tissue was tested by immunohistochemistry.Single factor analysis of variance was used to compare multiple groups,and the least significant difference (LSD) method was used in the multiple comparisons between groups.Fisher's exact probability method was performed for rates comparison.Results At 48 hours,there was no statistically significant difference in mortality rate among Saussurea involucrate treated group,SAP group and ulinastatin groups (all P＞0.05).At 48 hours,the histopathology score (8.13 ± 0.64),levels of serum amylase ((2 597.0±214.0) U/L),TNF-α ((254.4±11.6) ng/L),IL-6 ((441.4±14.6) ng/L),levels of pancreatic tissues MDA ((311.0±10.6) mmol/L),TNF-α mRNA(2.04±0.08),IL-6 mRNA (1.77±0.04)and activity of NF-κB p65 ((25.90±2.90)％) of Saussurea involucrate treated group were all lower than those of SAP group (11.40±0.89,(4 780.0±101.0) U/L,(396.0±7.4) ng/L,(664.4± 7.6) ng/L,(418.0± 10.6) mmol/L,2.94±0.03,2.63±0.08 and (51.60±5.27) ％;however level of serum IL-10 ((133.5±6.9) ng/L vs (95.1±5.2) ng/L) and IL-10 mRNA of the pancreatic tissue (1.38±0.06 vs 0.85±0.03) significantly increased (F=253.07、441.63、489.40、2 465.00、196.65、477.89、562.79、131.70、560.18、570.04,all P＜0.01).There was no significant differences in all above parameters between Saussurea involucrate treated group and ulinastatin groups (7.56±0.88,(2 607.0±239.0) U/L,(252.2 ±9.2) ng/L,(443.4±9.6) ng/L,(308.4±9.2) mmol/L,2.10±0.12,1.74±0.04,(26.00±3.67)％,(134.5±7.8) ng/L and 1.42±0.06) at 48 hours (all P＞0.05).Conclusion Saussurea involucrate injection can eliminate oxygen free radicals and prevent to xidation,inhibit NF-κB activation,regulate synthesis and release of cytokines,and alleviate pancreatic injury in SAP rats,but it can not decrease mortality.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and therapeutic methods of coronary artery aneurysm (CAA).Methods:The clinical data and coronary angiography of 32 patients confirmed by coronary angiography as coronary aneurysm in Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University and Shenzhen People′s Hospital were collected. They were followed up, and the different therapeutic methods were analyzed.Results:Thirty-two cases (1.8%) of coronary artery aneurysms were found in 1 778 patients undergoing coronary angiography. The main sites of coronary ectasia were right coronary artery, anterior descending branch and circumflex branch, and the left main branch was rare. Among the patients with coronary artery aneurysms, there were 25 patients with coronary artery stenosis. All the 32 patients were given anticoagulant, antiplatelet, improvement of coronary spasm and statin therapy, among whom 2 patients were treated with stent implantation and 6 patients were treated with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and ligation of coronary aneurysm. During the follow-up (average 15 months) of 1 patient, acute myocardial infarction reoccurred, and coronary angiography indicated that the stenosed coronary segments after artery ectasia was occluded because of thromboembolism. In the remaining patients, there were no major cardiovascular events such as angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death.Conclusions:Coronary artery aneurysm is not a rare heart disease. Coronary thromboembolism, thrombosis and vasospasm are the main causes of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. Anticoagulant, antiplatelet, antispasmodic drugs and suitable coronary artery bypass can significantly improve the clinical prognosis of patients with coronary artery aneurysm.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of β-elemene in suppressing the proliferation and apoptosis of SGC7901 gastric cancer cells in vitro and explore the underlying mechanisms.

METHODSUsing MTT assay, flow cytometry, and clonogenic survival assay, we assessed the effects of β-elemene on the viability, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and clonogenic survival of gastric cancer SGC7901 cells and gastric mucosal epithelial GES-1 cells. Western blotting was employed to determine the changes in the protein expression profiles in SGC7901 cells in response to β-elemene treatment.

RESULTSβ-elemene significantly suppressed the cell viability and increased the apoptosis of SGC7901 cells, and these effects were less obvious in GES-1 cells. β-elemene decreased clonogenic survival of SGC7901 cells, increased the proportion of G2/M phase cells, decreased the expression of Bcl-2, and increased the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3. β-elemene did not obviously affect the expression of total p21-activated protein kinase 1 (Pak1) but decreased the level of phospho-Pak1 (Thr423) and phospho-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) in SGC7901 cells.

CONCLUSIONβ-elemene inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of gastric cancer cells possibly by inhibiting Pak1/ERK signaling and regulating apoptosis-associated proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bax.

Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; metabolism ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Division ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Humans ; Sesquiterpenes ; pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology

OBJECTIVETransesophageal echocardiography was performed during closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in in-hospital cardiac arrest to further explore the hemodynamic mechanism of CPR.

METHODSCPR attempts were performed according to advanced cardiovascular life support guidelines in 6 cases of in-hospital cardiac arrest. Multi-plane transesophageal echocardiography was carried out within 15 min of initiation of CPR. Throughout CPR, the motion of the mitral, tricuspid and aortic valves, the changes in the left ventricular cavity size and the thoracic aortic diameter were observed. Trans-mitral and trans-aortic Doppler files of blood flow were also documented.

RESULTSA closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves with simultaneous opening of the aortic valve occurred exclusively during chest compression, resulting in forward blood flow in the pulmonary and systemic circulation. Peak forward aortic flow at a velocity of 58.8 +/- 11.6 cm/s was recorded during the compression phase. Whereas, a closure of the aortic valve and rapid opening of the atrioventricular valves associated with ventricular filling during relaxation of chest compression was noted in all 6 patients. Peak forward mitral flow at a velocity of 60.6 +/- 20.0 cm/s was recorded during the release phase. Mitral regurgitation during the chest compression period was detected in 5 patients, reflecting a positive ventricular-to-atrial pressure gradient. A reduction in the left ventricular chamber and an increase in the thoracic aortic diameter during the compression phase was found in all patients, indicating that direct cardiac compression contributed to forward blood flow.

CONCLUSIONThese observations favor the cardiac pump theory as the predominant hemodynamic mechanism of forward blood flow during CPR in human beings.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Female ; Heart Arrest ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To summarize our experience with surgical management of renal neoplasm involving inferoir veno cava.Methods We review the data of 115 patients,including 74 male patients and 41 female patients,with renal neoplasm involving venous system between March 1993 and December 2015.The mean age was 52 years old,ranging 22 to 77 years old.The tumor was found in right side in 77 cases and left side in 38 cases.There were 15 patients (13.0％) with renal vein thrombus,38 (33.1％) with infrahepatic thrombus,29 (25.2％) with low retrohepatic thrombus,20 (17.4％) with high retrohepatic thrombus,and 13 (11.3％) with supradiaphragmatic thrombus.The mean age was 52 years old,ranging 22 to 77 years old.The tumor was found in right side in 77 cases and left side in 38 cases.All patients accepted the radical nephrectomy.Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS),and cancer special survival (CSS) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) estimated by Kaplan-Meier method.Secondary outcome included operative and oncological features,past-operative complications and hospital mortality.Cox proportional hazard model was used to univariate and multivariate analysis for risk factor impacting on OS of RCC patients.Results Complete resections of renal neoplasm with tumor thrombus were achieved in 113 patients (98.3％),2 patients died intraoperatively due to the dropping of thrombus.Postoperative complication rate was 16.8％.Hospital mortality was 2.6％.Mean follow-up interval was 48 months.OS rates at 5-,and 10-year in RCC patients were 66.5％,and 61.8％,respectively.Metastasis was an independent risk factor affecting on OS (P =0.000).However,the level of thrombus was not an risk factor affecting the prognosis.Conclusions Radical resection of renal tumor and caval thrombus is an effective treatment for prolonging survival in patients with RCC extending into venous system.Retrohepatic caval tumor thrombus below or above the main hepatic vein should be dichotomized and managed respectively with diverse techniques.Metastatic rather than the level of thrombus was a risk factor impacting on RCC patient survival.

Objective This study applied " modified inflation-deflation" to identify the intersegmental plane and explored a method to remove pulmonary segments from the lobe on the basis of cone-shaped principle."Cone-shaped" Segmentectomy includes anatomical separation of the hilum(conical tip) and the intersegmental plane(undissociative conical surface).The feasibility was evaluated.Methods We retrospectively reviewed 146 patients with peripheric pulmonary nodules who underwent cone-shaped segmentectomy between September 2013 and August 2016.Under the guidance of preoperative 3D-CTBA (three-dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography)the targeted bronchi and arteries were dissected.The intersegmental plane was identified by " modified inflation-deflation" method.The inflation-deflation interface was anatomically separated from hilum to distal region along the intersegmental veins,while leaving 1-2 cm in thickness from far end.The residual intersegmental parenchyma was then dissected using endo staplers.Mean folhow-up was 20.4 months.Results Sixty two single segmentectomies,38 combined segmentectomies,43 subsegmentectomies and 3 subsubsegmentectonies were performed.Twelve diagnoses of benign nodule,15 diagnoses of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia,6 diagnoses of metastatic carcinona and 113 diagnosis of primary puhmonary cancer were confirmed pathologically." Modified inflation-deflation" spent (12.5 ±6.4)minutes to show the clear inflation-deflation line.All the targeted bronchi and arteries were dissected precisely and the intersegmental veins were preserved.All the preserved adjacent segments kept approximately original shape after inflated.The tumor size was(1.4 ±0.7)cm,the surgical margin width was(2.5 ± 1.6)cm.The depth of the separated intersegmental plane was(4.2 ±1.7)cm,and the width of the plane was(6.5 ± 2.2)cm.The operative time was(158.5 ± 42.6)min,the volume of hemorrhage was(25.2 ± 15.7) ml,the postoperative hospital stay was (5.2 ± 2.2) days.The total incidence of complications was 5.5％ (8/146).No death within 30 days occurred.Among 113 primary pulmonary cancers,there were 35 T0 N0M0(adenocarcinoma in situ) and 78 T1a No M0 non-small-cell lung cancers.One patient had local recurrence,and no death occurred during follow-up period.Conclusion Modified inflation-deflation can show clear inflation-deflation line to identify the intersegmental plane.Thoracscopic cone-shaped segmentectomy can achieve a complete anatomical segmentectomy.