Objective To investigate the risk factors of ischemic cerebral stroke after transient ischemic attacks (TIAs).Methods The clinical data of 184 TIA patients were collected.The risk factors of ischemic cerebral stroke after TIA were analyzed.Results Compared with no ischemic cerebral infarction group, the rate of elderly (≥60 years old), hypertension, diabetes, smoking and drinking history in ischemic cerebral infarction group (P<0.05-0.01).There was no statistical significance in gender and hyperlipidemia between the two groups (all P>0.05).Compared with no ischemic cerebral infarction group, the rate of attack time≥30 min, attack frequency≥3, course of disease≥24 h were significantly increased (P<0.05-0.01).There was no statistical significance in TIA types between the two groups (all P>0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed there were a positive correlations between elderly, hypertension, diabetes, smoking and drinking history and ischemic cerebral stroke after TIA (OR=29.799, 95%CI: 2.189-405.569, P=0.011;OR=0.649, 95%CI: 0.038-6.850, P=0.005;OR=8.569, 95%CI: 1.314-55.862, P=0.025;OR=0.158, 95%CI: 0.025-0.980, P=0.048).Conclusion Elderly, hypertension, diabetes, smoking and drinking history are independent risk factors for ischemic cerebral stroke after TIA.

Objective: To obtain the data about morphology of upper airway and surrounding tissues of non-snoring males from three age groups. Methods: Through questionnaires and clinic examinations, 83 non-snoring males (20-60 years) were selected from 453 volunteers and involved in the following research. There were 30 volunteers aged from 22 to 29 (mean 23.60?2.58 years), 31 volunteers aged from 36 to 45 (mean 40.10?2.64 years) and 22 volunteers aged from 46 to 57 (mean 49.55?3.45 years). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of upper airway of each volunteer was acquired under strict posture-control conditions. The dimensions and cross-section area of nasopharynx, velopharynx, glossopharynx, hypopharynx and whole upper airway with its surrounding tissues were measured with MRI intrinsic software. Volumes of upper airway and surrounding tissues were also calculated. Results: There were 93 items about morphology of the upper airway and surrounding tissues of non-snoring males from the three age groups.With increase in age, some nasopharynx items showed increase tendency, while little change showed in velopharynx, glossopharynx and hypopharynx. Fat volume, tongue volume, anterior and posterior pharyngeal dimension showed age-related increase tendency, but fat deposition rate slowed down in elder age in non-snoring males, which supplies the reason why non-snoring males avoided becoming sleep apnea patients. Conclusion:We provide age-related reference data of upper airway and its surrounding tissues for further sleep and respiration research.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic and therapeutic methods of dural arteriovenuoe fistula in carotid cavernous sinus region.Methods Twenty five cases of clinical diagnosis of dural arteriovenous fistula of carotid cavernous sinus region were identified by whole cerebral angiography with seldingers technique.Among them 13 cases underwent endovascular embolized therapy due to large amount of shunt,and another 12 cases were undertaken conservative method of compressing carotid artery of affected side on basis of lesser amount of shunt with a few number of feeding arteries.Results Conditions of the 25 cases revealed by DSA were selected for the proper indications and then underwent the formentioned therapy with all successful achievement.Conclusion Diagnosis of dural arteriovenous fistula of carotid cavernous sinus region is not difficult.Emdovascular embolization is very effective,but the conservative compressing method of carotid artery of the affected side is also an efficient therapy.(J Intervent Radiol,2006,15:195-197)

Objective To investigate the mutation of endothelin-B receptor(EDNRB) gene in sporadic Hirschsprung′s disease in Chinese population, to study the relationship between EDNRB gene and the pathogenesis of HD. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from HD bowel tissues removed by surgery in 34 sporadic HD patients. Exon 3, 4, 6 of EDNRB gene of EDN-3 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Results EDNRB mutations were detected in 2 of the 13 short-segment HDs,one′s mutant was in the exon 3, the another was in the exon 6. No mutations were detected in the ordinary or long-segment HD. Conclusions The mutations of EDNRB gene were detected in the short-segment HD of sporadic HD in Chinese population. The results suggest that the EDNRB gene plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HD.

Objective:To study the effect of surrounding tissues on the minimum cross-section area(minCSA) of upper airway in non-snoring males.Methods: Upper airway scanning by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) was conducted in 83 non-snoring males aged 22 to 57 years. The correlation between the minCSA of upper airway and the linear, area and volume measurement items about the morphology of the surrounding tissues was analyzed. Results: The minCSA was in velopharynx or glossopharynx. In non-snoring males,the main relative factors to minCSA were transverse dimension/ transverse distance between mandible(r=0.700), transverse dimension/ pharyngeal wall thickness(r=0.680), and parapharyngeal fat volume(r=-0.290). The velopharynx was more prone to be affected by the surrounding tissues than the glossopharynx. The location of the parapharyngeal fat, the lateral pharyngeal wall and parapharyngeal fat volume had the most obvious influence on the velopharyngeal size in sequence. While the thickness of the lateral pharyngeal wall was the main factor which influenced the size of glossopharynx. Conclusion: The feature of surrounding tissues has certain influence on minCSA of upper airway in non-snoring males.

Objective To study the test-retest reliability in quantitative measurement of proprioception using Tecnobody rehabilitation system.Methods Nine healthy volunteers [4 males,5 females,averaged age (22.8 ±0.68) years] participated in three consecutive measurements on both feet by using Tecnobody rehabilitation system for computerized proprioceptive assessment.Standard error of measurement(SEM),correlation coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) obtained from the three consecutive measurements were used to analyze the Timeused in each measuring session,and the average track error (ATE) of the measurements.ResultsSEM values of Time in left foot and right foot were 3.07 ～ 3.83 and 6.65 ～ 8.44 respectively.ATE values in left foot and right foot were 1.33 ～ 1.97 and 1.39 ～ 1.91 respectively.The Time and ATE correlation coefficients of left foot / right foot were 0.919/0.6 and 0.808/0.831,respectively.The Time ICC values were 0.893/0.639 for left foot / right foot,respectively ; and the ATE ICC values were 0.716/0.734 for left foot / right foot,respectively. Conclusion The Tecnobody rehabilitation system provided a fairly good reliability in both relative andabsolute values in quantitative evaluation of proprioception in the feet.These data in a larger amount may be useful for setting up variables and the standard values of the local population for reference in proprioceptive rehabilitation.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for tension-free repair of inguinal hernia. Methods A randomized, prospective double-blind control trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for tension-free mesh repair in 180 cases of inguinal hernia from March 2007 to March 2008. Intravenous cefuroxime ( 1.5 g ) was given immediately before the surgery in two groups followed by postoperative administration of cefuroxime 1.5 g twice a day for 3 days in test group compared with NS infusion in the control group. Postoperatively 16 patients (8. 89 per cent) could not be contacted at any point, giving a response rate of91. 11%. The total number of subjects for per- protocol (PP) analysis was 180, 84 cases in test group and 80 cases in control group. Results Complete data were available for 164 patients, 3 ( 1.83 per cent) developed surgical site infection (SSI) including 2 cases of surgical site infection in test group and 1 case of superficial incision surgical site infection in control group. The differences were not statistically significant. The time to follow up was 12 -29 months, the mean follow up time in test group was (15.6 ±2.2) months and (18 ±3)months in control group respectively. 93.33% patients in test group were followed up and 88. 89% patients in control group. There were not hernia recurrence and side effect of antibiotics reported in the two groups.Conclusions To prevent SSI, it is necessary to use preoperative antibiotics prophylaxis just one time for inguinal hernia repair.

BACKGROUND:Morphological characteristics of the rabbit lumbar vertebrae are of great significance for animal experiments about lumbar spine, but there is a lack of study on the lumbar morphology in rabbits. OBJECTIVE:To establish a three-dimensional model of rabbit lumbar vertebrae, and to observe its morphological characteristics, thereby providing anatomical basis for the animal experiments about lumbar spine.METHODS:Twenty New Zealand rabbits were subjected to 64-row multi-detector CT (Siemens) scan, and the three-dimensional models were constructed based on the CT data from 140 lumbar vertebrae. The morphological parameters of L1-7 were measured, and the internal and external structures of lumbar vertebrae and changes of different segments were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Changes of the morphological parameters of each lumbar vertebra:the L1-7 height first increased and then decreased, and the shortest height was in the L7, which was (1.12±0.18) cm. L1 vertebral body exhibited the shortest transverse diameter, (1.03±0.15) cm, and the longitudinal diameter did not differ significantly among vertebrae. The transverse and longitudinal diameters of L1-6 spinal canals were on a rise, but decreased abruptly at L7. The pedicle width of L1-7 increased gradually;the pedicle height of L1-5 increased gradually, and then began to decrease markedly, and the shortest at L7, (0.58±0.11) cm. The width and length of L1-6 spinous process increased steadily, but decreased at L7. The length of L1-3 transverse process increased gradually, tended to be steady at L3-6, and increased notably at L6-7;there were significant differences in the transverse process angle at L1-6, but the angle increased markedly to (58±2)° at L7, (2) These results indicate that the internal and external structures of lumbar vertebrae and changes of different segments are obtained through morphological measurement of lumbar vertebrae in New Zealand white rabbit, which provides a detailed anatomical data for relative animal experiments.

Objective To investigate the principles of diagnosis and treatment of postoperative intestinal obstruction.Methods The clinical datas of 89 cases of postoperative intestinal obstruction treated from 2001 to 2005 were analyzed retrospectively.Results All the 89 cases were cured without severe complications such as intestinal fistula and no death.The early postoperative inflammatory intestinal obstruction occurred in 2 cases.Recurrent intestinal obstruction occurred in 2 cases.Conclusions Intestinal obstruction can be caused by operation in abdomen.The diagnosis depends on the medical history,clinical manifestations,abdominal plain X-ray and computed tomography.Therapeutic procedure and operative opportunity play an important role in the treatment of postoperative intestinal obstruction.Non-operative approach should be the first choice for early postoperative inflammatory intestinal obstruction.Prompt surgery is clearly indicated and valuable for acute or being strangulative obstruction.Active operative treatment should be considered in recurrent chronic intestinal obstruction.

Objective To observe the expression of uPA, tPA and PAI-1 in whole blood of rat membranous ne-phropathy ( MN) models induced by cationic bovine serum albumin ( C-BSA) , and to explore the effect of fibrinolytic sys-tem on podocyte apoptosis and pathological changes. To explore the possible preventive and therapeutic effects and the pos-sible mechanisms of early prevention of fibrinolysis. Methods We developed a MN model with the modified Border meth-od. At the end of the 1st, 2nd, 3th, and 4th week of immunization, respectively, the levels of whole blood uPA, tPA and PAI-1 were determined by ELISA. The rat kidney tissues were examined by light microscopy and electron microscopy to i-dentify the pathological changes. The expression levels of nephrin and WTl were detected with immumofluorescence staining and their correlation was analyzed. Results Compared the treatment group with control group, the levels of whole blood uPA, tPA and PAI-1 of the model group were decreased, while PAI-1 was elevated, showing a significant difference ( P<0. 05). The degree of renal interstitial fibrosis was more serious. Correlation analysis showed that the whole blood tPA and uPA levels were positively correlated with the changes of nephrin protein expression in the kidney tissue, while the whole blood PAI-1 level was negatively correlated with the nephrin protein expression in the kidney tissue. Conclusions In the process of MN development, the fibrinolytic system may have important significance for podocyte apoptosis. Determination of early phase of MN podocyte injury may be another therapy target for prevention of the disease development, and then pro-vide new ideas for clinical research and drug development for MN.