Objective To investigate the relationship between self-efficacy(SE)and subjective wellbeing(SWB)of the elderly in community.Methods 212 elderly people underwent a questionnaire survey by the Memorial University of New Foundland Scale of Happiness and the General Self-efflcacy Scale.Results The level of self-efficacy of the elderly in community was(2.39±0.63),of which impact factor was the level of education and average monthly income per person.The level of SWB was(37.31±7.24),of which impact factor was the level of education and occupation.The level of SE and SWB of the elderly sas mdderately positively correhted,r=0.36,P＜0.01. Conclusions In the practice of community care services,community nurses should take SE theory as a framework and to improve SWB by a vailety of nursing measures.

Objective To explore the effect of early rehabilitative intervention on prognosis of patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.Methods 60 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,each group 30 cases.Both two groups received common therapy,while the observation group was given early rehabilitative intervention.Results After treatment for one month,the total effective rate of the observation group was obviously higher than that of the control group (90.00％ vs 73.33％,x2 =2.81,P ＜ 0.05).After treatment for three months,the living ability of experiment group was obviously better than control group (66.67 ％ vs 50.00％,x2 =2.69,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Early rehabilitative intervention in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage can increase clinical effect and improve prognosis.

Objective To determine epidemiology and risk factors for nosocomial infections in severe patients.Methods The study included 434 patients (7394 patient-days)during a 2-year period (2010-2011).The incidence rate of infection,pathogenic bacteria,correlation factor of infected were analyzed.Results A total of 225 infections were identified in 113 patients(26.0％).The incidence and infection rates were 56.8 in 1000-patient days and 51.8％,respectively.The infections were pneumonia (40.9％),bloodstream (30.2％),urinary tract (23.6％) and surgical site infections (5.3％).Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.6％),methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (22.2％) and Acinetobacter spp.(11.9％) were frequently isolated micro-organisms.Median length of stay with nosocomial infection and without were 13 days (Interquartile range,IQR,20) and 2 days (IQR,2),respectively (P ＜ 0.01).In logistic regression analysis,mechanical ventilation[odds ratio(OR):16.35 ;95％ confidence interval(CI):8.26 ～32.34;P ＜0.01),coma(OR:15.04;95％ CI:3.41 ～66.33;P ＜0.01),trauma(OR:10.27 ;95％ CI:2.34～45.01 ;P ＜0.01),nasogastric tube(OR:2.94 ;95％ CI:1.47 ～ 5.90; P ＜ 0.01),tracheotomy (OR:5.77 ;95％ CI:1.10 ～30.20;P ＜0.05) and APACHE Ⅱ scores 10 ～ 19(OR:10.80;95％ CI:1.10 ～ 106.01 ;P ＜0.05) were found to be significant risk faetors for nosocomial infection.Rate of nosocomial infection increased with the number of risk factors(P ＜0.01).Mortality rates were higher in infected patients than in non-infected patients(60.9 vs 22.1％ ;P ＜0.01).Conclusion These data suggest that,in addition to underlying clinical conditions,some invasive procedures can be independent risk factors for nosocomial infection in ICU.

Objective To study the genotypes of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Xi'an city.Methods Totally 125 ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains were randomly selected from five hospitals of Xi'an City,and TEM-type,SHV-type and CTX-M-type ESBL genes were amplified by PCR.Results Among the 125 ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains,TEM-type ESBL genes were amplified from 33 strains,SHV-type ESBL genes were amplified from 26 strains,CTX-M-type ESBL genes were amplified from 49 strains,and two or more type ESBL genes were amplified from 22 strains.Conclusion CTX-M-type ESBL are prevalent in ESBL-producing Enterbacteriaceae in Xi'an City.

In this paper we analysed the influence of water—abstracts of Huangqi on the anti — tumour effects of polyresistin oral use. Results showed Huangqi could strengthen the anti—tumour effects of polyresistin. As in the group treated with Huangqi— polyresistin the reaction of spleen T cells to Con—A stimulation increased, but the viability of tumour cells decreased. Huangqi—Polyresistin prolonged the survival term of tumourborne mice and lowered their mortaity. Based on the facts that polyresistin is peptidoglycan,Polyresistin can activate monocyte—macrophage system and Huangqi induce the production of IFN?. We think the positive regulation of IFNr on the synthesis and cytotoxic—effect of TNF? may be one of the most important mechanisms of Huangqi to strengthen the anti— tumour effects of polyresistin.

Objective To explore the changes of the pressure of sphincter of Oddi(SO)in postoperative patients with cholangiolithiasis.Methods Sixty cases with multiple biliary calculi operation (recurrent cholangiolithiasis group),80 cases with biliary calculi operation at first time(cholangiolithiasis group)and 9 cases with external injuries of pancreas or liver(control group),who were examined in order to identify common bile duct pressure(CBDP),SO basal pressure(SOBP),amplitude of SO contractions (SOCA),frequency of SO contractions(SOF),then comparing the difference of statistics among the three groups.Results CBDP,SOBP,SOCA,SOF in recurrent cholangiolithiasis group and cholangiolithiasis group were significantly higher than those in control group[(13.78 ±9.91),(12.65 ±7.64)mm Hg(1mm Hg =0.133 kPa)vs.(12.54 ± 2.35)mm Hg,(15.27 ± 9.15),(14.89 ± 7.87)mm Hg vs.(13.63 ± 3.27)mm Hg,(106.30 ± 54.70),(98.39 ±38.29)mm Hg vs.(87.65 ±56.38)mm Hg,(6.91 ± 1.92),(6.25 ±2.17)times/min vs.(5.26 ± 2.11)times/min](P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference between recurrent cholangiolithiasis group and cholangiolithiasis group(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion SO dysfunction resides in the postoperative patients with cholangiolithiasis,and it is possible related with the formation and/or recurrence of cholangiolithiasis.

Objective To explore the relationship between cholelithiasis and the function of sphincter of Oddi (SO). Methods To identify the existence of calculi, choledochoscopy was performed in patients 6 weeks after exploration of the common bile duct (CBD) and T tube drainage, in which 71 were patients with stones in gall bladder, CBD or intra-hepatic bile duct, and 9 with trauma of pancreas or liver.Biliary manometry was performed after choledochoscopy, and an additional manometry was applied after calculus removal if calculi were detected. The indices measured included SO basal pressure ( SOBP), amplitude of SO contractions (SOCA), frequency of SO contractions (SOF) and CBD pressure (CBDP). The patients with cholelithiasis were classified into cholecystolithiasis group, choledocholithiasis group, and hepatolithiasis group according to the position of calculi. Patients with trauma were assigned as the control group.Results All variables in 50 patients with choledocholithiasis were similar before and after the procedure.The variables in patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis had no difference from those of the control (P ＞ 0. 05 ). The SOBP and SOCA of patients in hepatolithiasis group were lower than those of the control group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ), while no difference in SOF was detected (P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The function of SO in patients with hepatolithiasis is abnormal ( decrease in SOBP and SOCA). Biliary manometry cannot be the reliable evidence for the existence of calculi in bile duct.

Objective: To study the effect of dexamethasone in differentiating human glioma cell line .Methods: The human glioma cell line was incubated with l mg/L dexamethasone in 1640 culture medium with 10% vitulary serum for 48 hours. The cell form was observed by contrapositive microscope,and PHA was used to induce the agglutination of these cells.Mitotic index and AgNOR amount was counted. The expression of GFAP was detected by immunocytochemisty.Rusults: SHG 44 cells incubated with dexamethasone adhered to plate firmly and its shape became astroid .The agglutination degree and mitotic index decreased significantly .The Ag NOR was atrophied and its amount decreased.The Immunocytochemistry showed the content of GFAP increased sign ficantly.Conclusion: Dexamethasone plays a role in differentiating human glioma cell.

Objective: To investigate the apoptotic effects and its mechanisms on K562 cells caused by Interferon-alpha (INF-?) and Cytarabine (Ara-C). Methods: The variation of both morphology and inhibitory rate of K562 cells was observed in culture medium with IFN-? and various concentrations of Ara-C at different time in vitro. The variation of telomerase activity and P53 protein expression were detected before and after apoptosis occurred. Results: INF-? and Ara-C used concurrently could cause apoptosis and inhibit the growth of K562 cells as well as decrease the telomerase activity and increase P53 protein expression significantly. All these processes showed both in time- and dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: INF-? and Ara-C used concurrently can inhibit the growth of K562 cells and induce apoptosis, inhibiting the telomerase activity and increasing the expression of P53 protein may be one of the most important mechanisms.

Objeetive:To investigate the epidemiology of EBV in adenoidal hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis and discuss the effection of EBV on the nosogenesis of adenoidal hypertrophy and tonsillitis of children.Method:Fifty-two children with chronic tonsillitis and/or adenoidal hypertrophy had the operations of the tonsillectomy and/or the adenoidectomy.These tissues reseeted and plasma of all cases were detected to find EBV-DNA by RQPCR.Result:The infection rate of EBV in the tissues of adenoidal hypertrophy and tonsillitis of childen was 51.9%.The boys'infection rate of EBV was 50.0%,and the girls'infection rate of EBV was 55.6%,which had not significantly different.The EBV infection rate in the tissues of tonsillitis was 40.4%,The EBV infection rate in the tissues of adenoidal hypertrophy was 48.9%,which had not significant difference.The school age group(7to 14 years old)presented higher infection rate of EBV in the tissues of adenoid and tonsil(65.5%)than the preschool children group(2 to 6 years old)(34.8%).Comparing the copies numbers of BV-DNA in the different degrees of adenoidal hypertrophy,we found that the copies numbers of EBV-DNA in the severe hypertrophy group were higher than the midrange and slight hypertrophy groups(P＜0.05).Meanwhile we detected EBV-DNA in these childrens'blood plasma by RQ-PCR.No blood plasma was detected EBV-DNA copies higher than normal(＜1×10~3 copies/ml).Conclusion:The tissues of adenoidal hypertrophy and tonsillitis had same sensitivity to EBV.There was not significant difference between the infection rates of the boys and girls with adenoidal hypertrophy and/or tonsillitis.With these children growing up and the course of diseases prolonging,the infection rate of EBV increased correspondingly.There was a certain correlation between the hypertrophy of adenoid and EBV.There were NO EBV-DNA fragments in blood plasma of the children with adenoidal hypertrophy and/or tonsillitis.So there were essential different between benign hyperplasy and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.