OBJECTIVE:To investigate the anti-viral effects of Tongqiao zhike liquid against influenza A virus in vitro.METHODS:The inhibitive effect of Tongqiao zhike liquid administered by different ways against human influenza A virus(H3N2) in vitro and its time-effect relationship were assayed by crystal violet staining assay with ribavirin as positive control.RESULTS:Tongqiao zhike liquid showed a satisfactory comprehensive inhibitory effect against human influenza A virus as well as its proliferation after viral adsorption.It was found that Tongqiao zhike liquid had a weak effect in preventing viral adsorption and it had no direct antiviral effect.The inhibitory effect of low concentration of Tongqiao zhike liquid against influenza A virus weakened time-dependently,while at high concentration its anti-viral ability remained stable.CONCLUSION:Tongqiao zhike liquid has a satisfactory effect against human influenza A virus in vitro.

Objective To increase the sensitivity of residual leukemic cells detectin in chronic myelocytic leukemia(CML) patients with RT-PCR,the optional annealing temperature and PCR cycles were studied to confirm bcr-abl fused gene types,and bcr-abl mRNA transcripts were monitored by RQ-PCR to study the relation with CML at different phases. Methods Through changing the PCR conditions, the annealing temperature was measured from 55℃ to 60℃, and the number of reaction cycles was increased from 30 to 45.All 22 samples were examined, and bcr-abl mRNA transcripts were quantified by RQ-PCR kit. Results Bcr-abl fused gene types were found in 22 samples,of all 9 cases were b_2a_2 type, 13 cases were b_3a_2.When the annealing temperature was set for 58℃ and the number of reation cycles was set for 45,10~3 copies/ul standard samples was detected.18 samples were positive tested by RQ-PCR kit,and the value was between 10~2 to 10~6 copies/g.There were significant differce between the results of chronic phase samples and those of accelerated phase. Conclusions The RT-PCR is a reliable,sensitive and reproducible method of monitoring CML patients.The real-time RT-PCR is useful in evaluating leukemic burden,assessing response to treatment and predicating the prognosis of the disease.

Background and purpose:Hypoxia induced the decreased radiosensitivity of tumor cells, which was the cause of tumor radioresistance and relapse and metastasis. During the course, HIF-1a played the most important role in the regulation of hypoxia. However, it’s still unknown about the effect of HIF-1a on the radiosensitivity of hypoxia tumor cells and the relationship with autophagy. This study was to inhibit HIF-1αexpression in hypoxic lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 with RNA interference (RNAi), and explore its effect on hypoxic cell radiosensitivity and autophagy. Methods: Plasmids pHIF-1α-shRNA and Neg-shRNA (negative control) were constructed and transfected into hypoxic A549 cells, this positive clone was named A549/HIF-1α-shRNA. Clone formation array was applied to calculate the value of D0, SF2, SER. The expression of HIF-1α, LC3, c-parp was detected by Western blot. Results:The SF2 of hypoxic A549 cell was 0.62, which was higher than that of normoxic A549 cell, SER was 1.45. The level of LC3Ⅱincreased significantly and the level of c-parp decreased after the radiation of hypoxic A549 cell. The level of HIF-1a increased in hypoxic A549 cells. The expression of HIF-1αin hypoxic A549 cells was suppressed markedly after transfection of HIF-1α-shRNA;this clone was named A549/HIF-1α-shRNA. The SF2 and SER were significantly lower in A549/HIF-1α-shRNA cells, 0.45 and 0.72 respectively. Under the hypoxic condition and after the inhibition of HIF-1α, the expression of LC3Ⅱ decreased significantly and the expression of c-parp increased. Conclusion:We successfully established a cell model that HIF-1αexpression was suppressed almost completely by RNAi. The inhibition of HIF-1αby shRNA may raise the radiosensitivity and decrease the autophagy of hypoxic A549 cells in vitro.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for further formulation of the rational use of vancomycin. METHODS:Retro-spective analysis was conducted on the related information of discharged patients who intravenously used vancomycin from Jun. 2013 to Dec. 2014. RESULTS:178 patients were enrolled,with average age of 59.6 and 73.60% male,who were mainly with lung infectious(74.72%). Support examinations were sufficient before using of vancomycin. 66.29% patients were empirically giv-en vancomycin with pathogenic detection rate of 85.39%. 71.91% patients were conducted therapeutic drug monitoring with only 47.54% of first blood samples achieved the target range. CONCLUSIONS:Vancomycin application is generally rational in our hos-pital. However,issues like duration of empirical therapy,rational therapeutic monitoring,and individualized start dosing still need to be noticed.

Objective To investigate the anti-proliferation effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ)agonist troglitazone(TGZ)on leukemic Raji cells and its mechanisms.Methods Raji cells in culture medium in vitro were given different concentrations of TGZ(0～60 μmol/L)for 24,48 and 72 h.The inhibitory rates of the cells were measured by MTT assay,cell apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry(FCM),agarose gel electrophoresis was used to observe the DNA ladder,and western blotting was used to analyzed the variation of apoptosis related proteins bcl-2,Bax and Survivin.Results TGZ(over 20 μmol/L)could inhibit the growth of Raji cells and cause apoptosis remarkably,the suppression was both in time-and dose-dependent manner.DNA ladder was observed after the cells treated by TGZ for 72 h,and western blotting analysis revealed that anti-apoptotie proteins Survivin and bcl-2 were decreased remarkably while pro-apoptotic protein Bax increased significantly after the cells were treated by TGZ for 48 h.Conclusion PPARγ agonist TGZ can inhibit the growth and induce apoptosis on Raji cells significantly,downregnlating the expression of Survivin and bcl-2 as well as upregulating of Bax expression of Raji cells may be one of its most important mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE:To study pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine in healthy volunteers, and to investigate the relationship of drug exposure with blood sampling time after treatment. METHODS: The data of trial at the first 12 blood sampling time points after medication were collected from bioequivalence test in 24 healthy volunteers (trial preparation vs. reference preparation). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to study the blood concentrations of cyclosporine at different sampling time points and the area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC). RESULTS: The concentrations at two points were adopted to estimate AUC. The correlation coefficient of different cyclosporines could reach 0.9 with estimation deviations less than 15%. The AUC of cyclosporine of trial preparation could be estimated by C8 and C12, and that of reference preparation by C2.5 and C12. CONCLUSION: The AUC estimated by concentrations at two points can meet clinical demand. There is great difference in estimate point among different preparations.

Objective To investigate the apoptosis inducing effects of oridonin on leukemic THP-1 cells and its mechanisms of action. Methods THP-1 cells in culture medium in vitro were given different concentrations of oridonin (16～56 μmol/L) for 24, 48 and 72 h. The inhibitory rate of the cells were measured by MTT assay, apoptotic morphology was observed by Hoechst 33258 staining, and Annexin V/PI staining was used to detect cell apoptosis by flow cytometry (FCM). Caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) expression were detected by Western blotting. Results Oridonin (over 32 μmol/L) could inhibit the growth of THP-1 cells and cause apoptosis remarkably, the suppression was both in time-and dose-dependentmanner. Marked morphological changes of cell apoptosis such as condensation of chromatin was clearly observed by Hoechst 33258 staining, and Annexin V/PI staining showed that apoptotic cells gradually increased after the cells treated with oridinon. Western blotting showed cleavage of the caspase-3 zymogen protein (32×103), with the appearance of its 20×103 subunit, and a cleaved 89×103 fragment of 116×103 PARP was also found. Conclusion Oridonin can inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in THP-1 cells via activation of caspase-3. The results indicated that oridonin might be an important potential anti-leukemia reagent.

Aim To investigate the induction effect of ginsenoside Rc, Re, Rf and Rg1 on CYP1A1, and further validate the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in CYP1A1 expression. Methods Dual luciferase re-porter gene system was performed. Four kinds of gin-senoside were screened for aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation by reporter assays, and TCDD as the positive control. Further with different concentrations of ginsen-oside Rc, Re, Rf and Rg1 treated on LS174T cells, RNA and total protein were extracted to detect the reg-ulating effect of ginsenosides on CYP1 A1 mRNA and protein expression with Real-time PCR and Western blot technology respectively. Results Reporter gene screening showed that the ginsenoside Rc, Re, Rf and Rg1 could activate AhR and had potential effects on the induction of CYP1A1 enzyme. Meanwhile, dose-de-pendent induction of the gene expression were observed in response to ginsenoside Rc, Re, Rf and Rg1 and the levels of CYP1 A1 protein expression were increased by ginsenoside Rc, Re, Rf and Rg1 in varying de-grees. Conclusion Ginsenoside Rc, Re, Rf and Rg1 can up-regulate the gene and protein expression of CYP1 A1 possibly via the AhR-mediated CYP1 A1 path-way.

OBJECTIVE Tostudythehepatotoxicityofveratrinehydrochloride(VH)anditsmecha-nismoninductionofapoptosisinvitro.METHODS HepG2cellswereexposedtoVH0.1-0.6g·L-1 for 24 h,cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay,and the morphologic changes in HepG2 cells were quantified.After the treatment with VH 0.1 -0.5 g·L-1 for 24 h,cell membrane injury was examined by detecting the release rate of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).The effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS),mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.The mRNA expression of p53,Bax,cytochrome c,caspase 9,caspase 3 was evaluated by real-time PCR. RESULTS HepG2cellviabilitywassignificantlyreducedfollowingexposuretoVH0.1-0.5g·L-1. The IC50 value was 0.4 g·L-1 .The 95%confidence limit was 0.2558-0.6965 g·L-1 .The LDH release rate,ROS and apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells were significantly increased after exposure to VH 0.1 -0.5 g·L-1 for 24 h (P<0.05,P<0.01 ),and the mitochondrial membrane potential markedly declined (P<0.05,P<0.01 ).The expression of p53,Bax,cytochrome c,caspase 9 and caspase 3 was increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).CONCLUSION VHhascytotoxicpotential.Damagetocell me mbrane and mitochondria and initiation of apoptosis-related genes of caspase 9 and caspase 3 mRNA expression may be the mechanis m of apoptosis.