Objective To explore antiviral efficacy, safety and blocking of mother-to-infant transmission by administrating telbivudine in pregnant patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) throughout pregnancy. Methods Sixty-four cases of female patients were enrolled. The study participants were divided into the telbivudine treatment group (n = 31) and the control group (n = 33). Data were recorded from beginning of administration to ending pregnancy, as well as notation of any adverse reactions. The neonates and infants were evaluated in HBV infection, parameters of growth and development. Results The recovery rates of ALT, respectively, were 90.32% vs. 57.58% (P = 0.003), 93.55% vs. 62.50% (P = 0.003) at 24 weeks and ante partum and the HBVDNA-negative conversion rates, respectively, were 48.39% vs. 3.03% (P = 0.000), 83.87%vs. 6.06% (P = 0.000), 90.32% vs. 6.25% (P = 0.000) respectively, at 12, 24 weeks of pregnancy and at ante partum between the treatment and control groups. The HBsAg-positive and HBVDNA-positive rates of the infants, respectively, were 12.90% vs. 37.50% (P = 0.025) and 0 vs. 21.88% (P = 0.018) at birth, and respectively, were all 0 vs. 18.75% (P = 0.035) and 0 vs. 18.75% (P = 0.035) at 1, 6, 12 months old between the treatment and control groups. The treatment group showed lower incidence of intrauterine HBV infection (0 vs. 18.75%, P = 0.035). The gestational ages, fetal weights and Apgar scores were not significant different in the children born in the mothers from the two groups. Conclusions Telbivudine administration showed a good antiviral curative effect and effectively blocked mother-to-infant transmission in women with CHB. The treatment was safe and caused no obvious adverse reaction.

BACKGROUND: Bone exposed wounds are frequently required to deal with in orthopaedic surgeries, involving the treatment of open fractures, bone tumors, osteomyelitis, and many other diseases, in which the defect of soft tissue caused by open fractures is the most difficult to deal with. Conventional debridement or negative pressure closed drainage technology is difficult to make bone exposed wounds heal, and the process is extremely cumbersome, during which,patients suffer a lot of pain.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the various types of dressings, and review the application of new hydrogel dressing in bone exposed wounds based on its advantages, such as keeping wound environment moisture, restoring skin physical barrier, contributing to routine dressing change.METHODS: A computer-based online retrieval of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed to search papers published between 2000 and 2016 using the key words hydrogel dressing, bone exposed wound, traditional wound dressing, antibiotic in English and Chinese, respectively. A total of 55 papers suitable for final analysis from the application of traditional and new dressings in bone tissue engineering were reviewed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The treatment of bone exposed wounds involves the treatment of many diseases, such as open fractures, bone tumors, osteomyelitis, which is still an orthopedic problem to solve. The novel hydrogel dressings with unique advantages are able to provide better plans for bone exposed wounds, and the use of these dressings solves the regeneration and repair of exposed bone, and improves the infection of antibiosis. In addition, the gel dressings currently have become a hot spot of research because of the characteristics of sustained-release.

Biocompatibility is the essential property of biomaterials, which is the essence of biomaterial evaluation as well as the foundation of the design and improvement of biomaterials. Several methods were carried out to evaluate the biocompatibility of poly(L-Lactide)-b-poly(trimethylene carbonate (PLLA-b-PTMC) and poly(D,L-Lactide)-b-poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PDLLA-b-PTMC) with poly(L-Lactide) (PLLA) and poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) as control, including extract liquid experiment, directly contact experiment of materials and cells, hemolytic ratio analysis and platelet adhesion investigation. The results revealed that all the materials exhibited an acceptable cytotoxicity, and proliferation of cells on the modified materials was less than that on the PLLA but more than that on PTMC. The results of hemocompatibility experiments showed that no significant hemolysis was detected when all the materials were in use; in addition, the numbers of platelets adhered on the surface of copolymers were smaller than that on the surface of PLLA, and the degree of platelet deformation was slighter. So, the biocompatibility of copolymers is similar to that of PLLA, the biocompatibility of PLLA is not remarkably changed by modification with PTMC, but rather is improved.
Absorbable Implants ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Blood Platelets ; cytology ; Hardness ; Humans ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Materials Testing ; Polyesters ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Polymers ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

OBJECTIVETo explore the antiviral efficacy, safety and protective ability against mother-to-infant transmission of telbivudine in pregnant patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) during the first trimester.

METHODSEighty four gravid women who were diagnosed with CHB, in their first trimester of pregnancy, and had refused to terminate their pregnancies were enrolled; all study participants were clinically classified as active hepatitis cases with positivity for both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), HBV DNA more than or equal to 107 copies/mL and serum level of alanine aminotarnsferase (ALT) of more than or equal to 4 ULN.Patients with YMDD mutations were excluded from the study. The study participants were divided into a telbivudine treatment group (n=43; administered in the first trimester of pregnancy) and a control group (n=41, consisting of patients who refused to take antivirals). All babies bom to the women in both groups of the study received standard immune prevention (anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin plus hepatitis B vaccine) and artificial feeding.Data recorded for the women during pregnancy included clinical findings for tests of hepatic and renal function, myocardial enzymes, blood and urine clinical parameters, hepatitis B virus makers and HBV DNA, as well as notation of any adverse reactions. The neonates were evaluated for presence of HBV infection, parameters of growth and development, presence of complications, and Apgar score. At 6 and 12 months old, all infants were evaluated for HBV DNA level and HBsAg presence.

RESULTSThe genetic variant rtM204I was detected in one of the women in the treatment group at 36 weeks of pregnancy. One woman in the control group developed severe hepatitis at 28 weeks of pregnancy and was put on the telbivudine treatment The treatment group showed greater recovery rates of ALT than the control group at 12 weeks of pregnancy (62.8% vs.29.3%, P=0.002), 24 weeks of pregnancy (76.7% vs.46.3%, P=0.000), and at ante partum (88.1% vs.60.0%, P=0.004). The treatment group also showed greater HBV DNA-negative conversion rates at 12 weeks of pregnancy (20.9% vs.0, P=0.006), at 24 weeks of pregnancy (37.2% vs.0, P=0.001) and at ante partum (78.6% vs.0, P=0.000), and greater HBeAg seroconversion rates at 12 weeks of pregnancy (2.3% vs.0, P=1.000), at 24 weeks of pregnancy (9.3% vs.0, P=0.116) and at ante partum (2 1.4% vs.0, P=0.002). The HBsAg-positive rates and HBV DNA-positive rates among the infants born to the mothers in the treatment and control groups, respectively, were 2.4% vs.17.5% (P=0.027) at birth, 0 vs.17.5% (P=0.005)at 6 months old and 0 vs.17.5% (P=0.005) at 12 months old. The Apgar scores were not significantly different for the children born to the mothers from the two groups, and all the children showed parameters of growth development within normal limits.

CONCLUSIONTelbivudine administration in the first trimester had a good antiviral curative effect and effectively blocked mother-to-infant transmission in women with CHB. The treatment was safe, causing no obvious adverse reaction in the gravid women or developmental effects on the infants.

Antiviral Agents ; DNA, Viral ; Female ; Hepatitis A Vaccines ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Mother-Child Relations ; Mutation ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Thymidine ; analogs & derivatives ; Vaccines, Combined

Background Plateau environment may pose a serious impact on the physiological and psychological stress of people stationed on a plateau, especially for those engaged in military training and occupational activities. There is an urgent need to find drugs to prevent and treat injuries caused by high-altitude environment. Objective To analyze the current status, hotspots, and future trends of domestic and international research in the field of prevention and treatment of high-altitude disease (HAD) by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and provide references for scientific research. Methods Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for literature on TCM and HAD published from inception to 2022. Excel, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and RStudio softwares were used to conduct visual analysis on the number of publications, types of publications, journals, authors, research institutions, and keywords. Results A total of 501 publications were evaluated in the present study, including 443 Chinese publications and 58 English publications. The annual number of publications showed a rising trend. MA Huiping was the leading author in number of publications in Chinese (37 publications), and ZHANG Yi and MENG Xianli were the leading authors in the number of publications in English (both 8 publications), respectively. The institutions with the most publications in Chinese were The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army and Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region (both 32 publications), and the institution with the most publications in English was Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (8 publications), respectively. The Chinese and English journals with the largest number of publications were the Journal of High Altitude Medicine (39 publications) and the Journal of Ethnopharmacology (10 publications), respectively. The most highly cited Chinese and English literature included Effects of rhodiola on the free radical metabolism and serum creatine kinase after exercise at plateau (61 citations) and Anti-hypoxic activity at simulated high altitude was isolated in petroleum ether extract of Saussurea involucrate (68 citations) , respectively. The most frequent keywords in the Chinese and English literature were high altitude polycythemia and oxidative stress, respectively. The keyword time zone and emergence maps showed that the research hotspots in this field shifted from prevention and treatment of HAD to animal experiments, and then to mechanisms of action, in which oxidative stress, hypoxic injury, inflammation, and apoptosis were the main focuses. Conclusion The research of TCM against HAD is identified from early clinical observation to associations between clinical outcome variation and pharmacological mechanisms, and further to applying multi-omics techniques to explore the physical basis of TCM efficacy and mechanisms of action with focuses like TCM formula and single herb active ingredients, so as to elaborate potential scientific connotation of TCM against HAD.