To explore the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of Langerhans cell neoplasms.The data of 6 patients with Langerhans cell neoplasms was analyzed retrospectively.There were Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH,n =5) and Langerhans cell sarcoma ( LCS,n =1 ).Among 5 LCH patients,the involved organs included waist,back,scalp,inguinal lymph nodes,parotid gland and left femur.And the symptoms were fever,splenohepatomegalia and destruction of bone.Three patients received surgery,1 had radiotherapy and 1 was discharged without treatment.The follow-up period was 34 - 138 months.Two patients had no relapse,the contra-lateral parotid gland became involved later in another and several organs were involved in other patients.One patient was lost to follow-up.Left occiput of another LCS was involved and both surgery and radiotherapy were administered.Over a follow-up period of 41 months,there was no relapse.Either surgery or radiotherapy is indicated for this rare disease when a single organ is involved.And chemotherapy is administered for the involvement of multiple organs.The patients should be treated individually.

Evidence-based medicine(EBM) emphasizes that the clinical practice should be based on the combination of the best available clinical evidence,medical experiences and patient desire to cope with the demand of medical decision-making.Guidelines for good clinical(research) practice,conduct of more trials as multicentre trials,and the cochran collaboration may all help apply the best research evidence to clinical practice.China is challenged by variety of health problems.The implementation of EBM will improve the decision-making and health care services and protect the doctors and patients rights.

Autophagy is a special cellular process, which can participate in regulating cell survival, growth, differentiation and homeostasis maintenance by transporting damaged organelles and macromolecular substances to lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy plays a very important role in all aspects of life process. Research results show that autophagy plays an important role in tumor occurrence, development and metastasis. The synergistic effect of autophagy and vascular endothelial growth factor promotes tumor angiogenesis and cell repair, and may play an important role in the development of tumor resistance to anti-vascular drug therapy. Targeted therapy with autophagy as the target may be a new direction for anti-tumor molecular targeted therapy in the future, aiming to provide multi-target collaborative therapy to benefit patients.

The aim of this study is to investigate the critical factor affecting the properties of PLGA microspheres fabricated by a solid-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) emulsion technique with BSA as a model protein. Prior to encapsulation, the BSA microparticles were fabricated by a modified freezing-induced phase separation method. The microparticles were subsequently encapsulated into PLGA microspheres by S/O/W emulsion method, then Motic BA200 biological microscope, confocal laser scanning microscope, scanning electron microscope were used to observe the structure of S/O/W emulsion and PLGA microspheres. The protein content extracted or released from BSA microspheres was measured by Bradford protein assay method. It was found that NaCl added in the outer aqueous phase effectively suppressed material exchange between the inner and outer phase of S/O/W emulsion. Then, the structure and permeability of obtained microspheres were influenced. As a result, with the increase of NaCl concentration in the outer aqueous phase, the encapsulation efficiency of microspheres significantly increased from 60% to more than 85%, the burst release of microspheres reduced from 70% to 20%, and the particle size decreased from 103 microm to 62 microm. Furthermore, the rehydration of encapsulated protein was also retarded and then integrity of BSA was successfully protected during encapsulation process. In vitro release test showed that BSA released from PLGA microspheres in a sustained manner for more than 30 days.

BACKGROUNDTo observe the effects of MVP chemotherapy combined with concurrent radiotherapy for stage IIIB-IV non-small cell lung cancer.

METHODSSixty-two patients with stage IIIB-IV non-small cell lung cancer were randomized into two groups, concurrent radiochemotherapy group and MVP che-motherapy group. All patients in two groups were treated with MVP regimen (mitomycin C 6 mg/m² on day 1, vindesine 2 mg/m² on days 1, 8, and cisplatin 80-100 mg/m²). Patients in concurrent radiochemotherapy group received concurrent radiotherapy (46-56 Gy in 5-6 weeks).

RESULTSAll patients received 2-4 cycles of MVP chemotherapy. The response rate was 48.4% and 19.4% in concurrent radiochemotherapy group and MVP group respectively (P < 0.05), the 1-year survival rate was 54.8% and 22.6% respectively (P < 0.05), median time to progression was 8 months and 4 months respectively (P < 0.05), and median survival duration was 10 months and 6 months respectively (P < 0.05). Incidence of grade II-III leukopenia in concurrent radiochemotherapy group was remarkably higher than those in MVP group..

CONCLUSIONSThe results show that efficacy of MVP chemotherapy combined with concurrent radiotherapy is significantly higher than that of MVP chemotherapy alone for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of treadmill training on Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of the rats with spinal cord injury(SCI). Method:Total of 108 female SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:the sham-operated group,the SCI group,and the SCI+treadmill training(TT)group.The rats in the SCI exercise group started treadmill train-ing after surgery,and BBB scores were used to assess the hindlimb motor function of rats with spinal cord in-jury.The cerebellum tissues were collected on the 3,7 and 14 day after surgery respectively,and the number and morphological changes of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum were detected by HE staining and Nissler stain-ing.The expression of caspase-9 and mGluR1 in Purkinje cells was detected by immunohistochemistry;the ex-pression of caspase-3 and mGluR1 was detected by immunofluorescence;the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax,Bcl-2,Cyt-C,caspase-9 and caspase-3 in cerebellar tissue was detected by Western Blot. Result:Compared with the sham-operated group,the BBB scores in SCI and SCI+TT groups were significant-ly decreased(P＜0.05).The number of Purkinje cells in cerebellum was reduced,and the size was reduced and lost the normal morphology.The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins Bax,Cyt-C,activated caspase-9,and activated caspase-3 proteins in cerebellum were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and Bcl-2 expression was significantly decreased;caspase-9 and caspase-3 expression was increased and mGluR1 expression was decreased in Purkinje cells(P＜0.05).Compared with the SCI group,there was no significant difference in the BBB scores of the SCI+TT group(P＞0.05);the number and normal morphology of Purkinje cells in cerebellum increased;the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins Bax,Cyt-C,activated caspase-9 and activated caspase-3 de-creased(P＜0.05),and the expression of Bcl-2 increased;the expression levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in Pur-kinje cells were decreased,and the expression level of mGluR1 was significantly increased(P＜0.05). Conclusion:Treadmill training can reduce the apoptosis of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of the rats with spi-nal cord injury through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.

Objective To investigate the change of circulating follicular helper T cells (cTfh) in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic myeloperoxidase antibody-associated vasculitis (MPO-AAV), and to analyze the relationship between cTfh and disease activity. Methods Thirty-eight untreated MPO-AAV patients (patient group) and thirty-eight healthy volunteers (control group) were enrolled in this study. cTfh and membrane expression of inducible co-stimulator(ICOS)and programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1) were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). Serum anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic myeloperoxidase antibody (MPO-ANCA) was measured by ELISA. Disease activity was evaluated by Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS). Results Compared with those in control group, the proportions of cTfh, ICOS+Tfh and PD-1+Tfh cells in patient group were significantly higher [(25.9±3.8)％vs. (21.0±5.3)％, P<0.001;(1.8±0.8)％vs. (0.8±0.5)％, P<0.001 and (10.2±2.8)％vs. (8.2±2.2)％, P=0.001, respectively]. Meanwhile, the expression of ICOS and PD-1 on cTfh in patient group was markedly more intensive (59.6±10.0 vs.49.2±6.9, P<0.001 and 532.6±104.2 vs. 485.1±73.4, P=0.025, respectively). In patient group, the proportion of cTfh was positively correlated with the ratio of ICOS+Tfh, the expression of ICOS, the level of MPO-ANCA and BVAS (r=0.407, P=0.011; r=0.705, P<0.001; r=0.737, P<0.001 and r=0.663, P<0.001, respectively). The expression intensity of ICOS on cTfh was positively associated with ICOS+Tfh ratio, serum MPO-ANCA and BVAS (r=0.388, P=0.016; r=0.645, P<0.001 and r=0.653, P<0.001, respectively). Nevertheless, the expression of PD-1 on cTfh was only positively correlated with the ratio of PD-1+Tfh (r=0.473, P=0.003). Conclusions Enhanced cTfh in patients with MPO-AAV might produce MPO-ANCA, which is related to the aggravation of MPO-AAV. Thus, cTfh and its ICOS could be potentially targeted for the treatment of MPO-AAV.

Objective To explore the prognostic value of ADC tot of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with multiple diffusion gradient factor ( b) values ( Mb DWI) in predicting overall survival (OS) of patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) undergoing CyberKnife and sequential S-1. Methods Forty-one LAPC patients were enrolled (28 male and 13 female), who had routine pancreatic MRI and multiple b value DWI (Mb DWI, b value =0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 s/mm2) scan (3.0 T) prior to radiotherapy.ADCtot value was calculated using single index model .Two independent radiologists on abdominal radiology manually drew the target area of interest and measured ADC tot at 1-month interval, and the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated.The median ADCtot was used as a standard to divided the data into high value and low value .The survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log rank test .Cox proportional hazard model was employed to identify predictive factors for OS.Results The median ADCtot value by two independent radiologists was (1.54 ±0.27) ×10 -3 and(1.55 ±0.28) ×10 -3 mm2/s, respectively.The ICC was 0.994, and the consistency was good.Pre-treatment ADC tot value was the independent prognostic factor for the OS of patients who received CyberKnife and S-1 (HR: 1.083, 95％CI 1.083-12.554,P=0.0368), indicating that the mortality increased by 1.083 times as ADCtot increased by 1 unit.Similarly, CyberKnife combined with S-1 was also the independent prognostic factor for the OS (HR:0.329, 95％CI 0.142-0.765, P=0.0098), indicating that the mortality of patients treated by CyberKnife and S-1 was 0.329 times of that of patients who did not take S-1. Conclusions The pre-treatment ADC tot was an independent predictor for OS of LAPC patients treated by CyberKnife and sequential S-1, which had a certain prognostic value .

Objective To analyze the important abnormal results of physical examination of the staff in our hospital in recent 2 years,and to provide evidence for the health management of the staff in our hospital.Methods The physical examina-tion data of hospital staff in recent 2 years were retrospectively analyzed,and the important abnormal results were statistically ana-lyzed.Results A total of 3 584 employees participated in physical examination,including753 males and 2831 females.There were 92 cases with significant abnormal results,and the total detection rate was 2.57%.The detection rate of significant abnor-mal results was slightly lower in males(17cases,2.26%)than in females(75cases,2.65%),and the age of females[(48.89±19.53)years]was lower than that of males[(55.68±17.43)years].The age group with the most significant detec-tion rate of important abnormal results was 50-59 years old(3.07%),and the diseases detected by important abnormal results were as follows:There were 26 thyroid tumors,19 lung tumors,13 breast tumors,12 space occupying cases(3 liver,4 kidney,2 adrenal glands,1 adnexa,1 pancreas,1 mediastinum),9 vascular lesions,6 abnormal tumor markers,5 cervical lesions,1 tuberculosis,and 1 subdural hematoma.Among them,thyroid tumors,breast tumors,lung tumors and cervical lesions were the main cases in women,and vascular diseases,lung tumors,space-occupying lesions(liver and kidney)and thyroid tumors were the main cases in men.Conclusion Physical examination is of great significance in detecting important abnormal diseases.We should attach great importance to physical examination,detect serious diseases as early as possible,and strengthen health man-agement accordingly.

Objective To explore the antitumor small molecules targeting the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) on the basis of active molecules from traditional Chinese medicine. Methods Ub^G76V-GFP stably expressing cell line was constructed to screen novel small molecule inhibitors targeting UPS. The fluorogenic substrates of Suc-LLVY-AMC, Z-LLE-AMC, and Boc-LRR-AMC were used to assess the effect of dioscin on the 20S proteasome hydrolase activity. The Ub-AMC substrate was used to evaluate the effect of dioscin on the intracellular deubiquitinating enzyme activity. Western blot was used to detect the effect of dioscin on intracellular ubiquitination levels. CCK-8 and colony formation assays were used to detect the inhibitory effect of dioscin on the tumor cell proliferation. Results Dioscin is a UPS inhibitor discovered through the Ub^G76V-GFP reporter system. It enhances intracellular ubiquitination and inhibits tumor cell proliferation and colony formation by targeting deubiquitinating enzymes. Conclusion Dioscin could significantly inhibit tumor cell proliferation by targeting ubiquitin–proteasome.