AIM:To study the effects of transforming growth factor-β_1 (TGF-β_1) on cell apoptosis,cell cycle,production of endogenous TGF-β_1,expressions of P27~(Kip1),cyclin E and bcl-2 mRNA levels in NB4 cells. METHODS:Apoptotic morphological changes were observed by Wright-Giemsa staining. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected with flow cytometry. Semiquantitative RT-PCR was used to examine the mRNA levels of endogenous TGF-β_1,P27~(Kip1),cyclin E and bcl-2. RESULTS:TGF-β_1 significantly restrained the growth and promoted the apoptosis of NB4 cells. The blockage of NB4 cells treated by TGF-β_1 at concentration of 5 μg/L was in G1 phase. Endogenous TGF-β_1 mRNA expression in NB4 cells was up-regulated when the concentration of exogenous TGF-β_1 was <5 μg/L. Meanwhile,the expression of endogenous TGF-β_1 mRNA was down-regulated when the concentration of exogenous TGF-β_1 was 10 μg/L. After treated with TGF-β_1 at concentration of 5 μg/L,P27~(Kip1) mRNA expression in NB4 cells was up-regulated,cyclin E and bcl-2 were reduced. CONCLUSION:TGF-β_1 is able to induce apoptosis and cell cycle distribution abnormally in NB4 cells by (1) Up-regulation of endogenous TGF-β_1,so that NB4 cells was induced into apoptosis through consequently high expression of P27~(Kip1). (2) TGF-β_1 may lead to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the expression of cyclin E directly,or by inhibiting the activity of cyclin E through the increased expression of P27~(Kip1). (3) Down-regulation of bcl-2 induces apoptosis of NB4 cells.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the pathomechanism of neuropathic pain (NP)-inducced depression and autophagy in the cortex of the frontal lobe in rats.Methods Forty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats in which IT catheters were successfully placed,aged 8-10 weeks,weighing 200-220 g,were divided into 4 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table method:sham operation group (group S),group NP,NP plus dimethyl sulfoxide group (group ND) and NP plus autophagy inducer rapamycin group (group NR).The neuropathic pain model was established by ligation of the left fifth spinal nerve of anesthetized rats in NP,ND and NR groups.Rapamycin 0.1 μgwas intrathecally injected via the intrathecal catheter immediately after ligation of the spinal nerve and every day after ligation once a day for 21 consecutive days in group NR.The equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide was intrathecally injected instead of rapamycin in group ND.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured before ligation and at 1,3,7,10,14 and 21 days after ligation.The forced swimming test was performed at 3 days before ligation and 14 and 21 days after ligation.The rats were sacrificed after the last measurement of the behaviour testing,and the prefrontal cortex was removed for determination of the expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 Ⅰ (LC3 Ⅰ) and LC3 Ⅱ,Beclin-1 and p62 (by Western blot).The ratio of LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the MWT was significantly decreased after ligation,the time of immobility was prolonged,the expression of LC3 Ⅰ was down-regulated,the expression of LC3 Ⅱ,Beclin-1 and p62 was up-regulated,and the LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ ratio was increased in NP and ND groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group NP,the MWT was significantly increased after ligation,the time of immobility was shortened,the expression of LC3 [and p62 was down-regulated,the expression of LC3 Ⅱ and Beclin-1 was up-regulated,and the LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ ratio was increased in group NR (P＜0.05).Conclusion Enhanced autophagy in the cortex of the frontal lobe is involved in the endogenous antidepressant mechanism in rats with NP.

Objective To investigate the genetic aberrations in extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mueosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas from different sites of the body in Chinese patients. Methods Two hundred and seventeen paraffin-embedded MALT lymphoma specimens from 11 major sites were studied with interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to detect t(11; 18) (q21;q21)/API2-MALT1, t(1; 14) (p22; q32)/IGH-BCL10, (14; 18) (q32; q21)/IGH-MALT1 and BCL6 gene involved chromosome translocations. Results These translocations were mutually exclusive and detected in 21% (46/217) of the cases, including t(11;18) (q21;q21) API2-MALT1 13% (29/217), t (1;14)(p22 ;q32) IGH-BCLIO in 1% (3/217), t(14;18) (q32;q21) IGH-MALT1 1% (2/217), BCL6 involved translocation in 2% (4/217) and IGH-unknown translocation partner in 4% (8/217). t(11; 18) (q21;q21)API2-MALT1 was found with the highest frequency in MALT lymphoma from lungs (47% , 8/17) and small intestine (29%, 4/14), followed by salivary gland (17%, 1/6), stomach (14%, 12/84) and ocular adnexae (6% , 4/68). t(1 ;14) (p22;q32) was only detected in lungs (12%, 2/17) and stomach (1%, 1/84). t(14;18) (q32;q21) was mainly detected in lungs (6%, 1/17) and ocular adnexae (2%, 1/68). BCL6 gene involved translocation was detected in salivary gland (17% , 1/6) and stomach (4%, 3/84). Conclusions It is demonstrated that the four translocatidns occur with markedly variable frequencies in MALT lymphoma of different sites in Chinese patients. The distributions of these chromosome translocations in Chinese patients are slightly different from those reported in western patients.

Objective: To understand the prevalence of eating behavior problems among preschool children in rural Hunan, and to explore its determinants, so as to provide a reference for solving their eating behavior problems. Methods: A multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 3 288 preschool children aged 3-6 years and their caregivers from 24 kindergartens between August and November 2019. Eating behavior problems questionnaire survey and peripheral blood hemoglobin detection were conducted among the preschool children, and unconditional Logistic regression model was used to analyze the determinants. Results: The total prevalence of eating behavior problems among preschool children in rural Hunan was 66.8%(2 195/3 288), and the three most common eating behavior problems were poor appetite(40.1%, 1 317/3 288), picky eating(43.6%, 1 434/3 288), poor eating habits(44.4%, 1 460/3 288), respectively. The risk factors for general eating behavior problems included left-behind children, caregiver occupation as professional and technical staffs, average daily static activity time≥3 hours, anemia, and second-hand smoke exposure, and older age and daily moderate/high intensity activities were protective factors. In the analysis of the three most common eating behavior problems: The risk factors for poor appetite included left-behind children, anemia, and second-hand smoke exposure, and daily moderate/high intensity activities was protective factors. The risk factors for picky eating included left-behind children, caregiver occupation as professional and technical staffs, high family income, average daily static activity time≥3 hours, and daily moderate/high intensity activities was protective factors. The risk factors for poor eating habits included left-behind children, caregiver occupation as professional and technical staffs, average daily static activity time≥3 hours, and older age and daily moderate/high intensity activities was protective factors. Conclusion The prevalence of eating behavior problems among preschool children in rural Hunan was high, which is influenced by age, left-behind, caregivers occupation, family income, activities, anemia, and second-hand smoke exposure.

Objective To evaluate the advantages of sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia combined with lumbosacral plexus block for hip replacement in elderly patients. Methods Sixty patients of both se-xes, aged 65-85 yr, with body mass index of 18-25 kg∕m2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠ-Ⅲ, scheduled for elective unilateral hip replacement, were divided into 2 groups(n=30 each)using a random number table: total intravenous anesthesia group(TIVA group)and GasMan software-guided sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia combined with lumbosacral plexus block group(SEV-B group). After the laryngeal mask airway was inserted, the patients were mechanically ventilated in both groups. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure(MAP)were recorded before anesthesia(T0), immediate-ly after insertion of laryngeal mask airway(T1), immediately after skin incision(T2), immediately after intramedullary reaming(T3), immediately after prosthesis implanting(T4), at the end of surgery(T5) and at 5 min after removal of the laryngeal mask airway(T6). The end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane at T2-5was also recorded in group SEV-B. The time for removal of the laryngeal mask airway, duration of stay in post-anesthesia care unit and first ambulation time were recorded. The consumption of anesthetics used during patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA), effective pressing times of PCIA, requirement for rescue analgesic and adverse reactions were also recorded at 24 h after surgery. The patient′s cognitive func-tion was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination at 1 day before surgery and 1 and 3 days after surger-y, and the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction was recorded. Results Compared with group TIVA, heart rate at T1-6and MAP at T2-6were significantly decreased, and MAP at T1was increased in group SEV-B, and the time for removal of the laryngeal mask airway, duration of stay in post-anesthesia care unit and first ambulation time were significantly shortened, the consumption of anesthetics used during PCIA, effective pressing times of PCIA, requirement for rescue analgesic and incidence of adverse reac-tions were reduced at 24 h after surgery, the Mini-Mental State Examination scores were increased at 1 day after surgery, and the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction was decreased at 1 day after surgery in group SEV-B(P<005). Conclusion GasMan software-guided sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia com-bined with lumbosacral plexus block can provide more accurate anesthesia management for hip replacement and promote rapid rehabilitation after surgery in elderly patients.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of secukinumab in the treatment of moderate to severe the adults with plaque psoriasis.Methods:The clinical data from 183 adult patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis treated with secukinumab were collected.The patients received subcutaneous injections of secukinumab once a week at weeks 0,1,2,3,and 4,followed by an injection every 4 weeks,with each dose of 300 mg.The follow-up period was 52 weeks.The psoriasis area and severity index(PASI),body surface area(BSA),investigator global assessment(IGA),and dermatology life quality index(DLQI)scores of the patients with psoriasis were caculated.The clinical efficacy and safety of secukinumab in the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis were evaluated,and the influencing factors were analyzed.Results:Compared with week 0,the PASI、BSA、IGA and DLQI scores of the patients were significantly decreased at weeks 4,12,24,and 52 of secukinumab treatment(P<0.05).After treated with secukinumab,the percentages of the patients achieving PASI 75,PASI 90,and PASI 100 at week 4 were 95.6%,84.2%,and 47.5%,respectively;at week 12,they were 97.3%,95.6%,and 78.7%,respectively;at week 24,they were 97.8%,96.7%,and 84.2%,respectively;and at week 52,they were 98.4%,97.8%,and 83.6%,respectively.The percentages of the patients with BSA≤1%at weeks 4,12,24,and 52 were 80.9%,94.5%,95.6%,and 94.0%,respectively.The percentages of the patients with IGA score of 0/1 at week 4,12,24,and 52 were 86.3%,97.3%,96.7%,and 95.6%,respectively.The percentages of the patients with DLQI score of 0/1 at weeks 4,12,24,and 52 were 76.6%,89.1%,92.9%,and 91.8%,respectively.At week 4 of secukinumab treatment,there were significant differences in age,body mass index(BMI),disease duration,baseline PASI score,and history of previous biologic treatment between the patients in two groups(P<0.05).At week 24 of secukinumab treatment,there were significant differences in age and BMI between the patients in two groups(P<0.05).At week 4,BMI≥25 kg·m-2,disease duration≥10 years,baseline PASI score≥10,and a history of previous biologic treatment were risk factors affecting the recovery of the patient(P<0.05).At week 24,age≥40 years was a risk factor affecting the recovery of the patient(P<0.05).During the treatment period,44 out of 183 psoriasis patients reported 49 adverse reactions,and the adverse reaction rate was 24.0%.No serious adverse events or fatal adverse reactions occurred.The adverse reactions included upper respiratory tract infections in 23 cases,eczema-like skin lesions in 10 cases,skin fungal infections in 6 cases,urticaria in 3 cases,mild liver function abnormalities in 2 cases,folliculitis in 2 cases,conjunctivitis in 2 cases,and otitis media in 1 case.Conclusion:Secukinumab treatment for the adult patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis is rapid-acting and has lasting efficacy.The BMI,disease duration,baseline PASI score,history of previous biologic treatment,and age are the factors influencing the clinical efficacy of secukinumab.The overall safety is good,and secukinumab may be used as a first-line treatment option for moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.