Along with the development of science and technology , microwaves are widely used in various fields .Though they have brought much convenience to people , their potential adverse health effects are becoming a concern of governments and researchers .High power microwaves ( HPMs) are widely used in high-tech and new concept weapons , increasing the chance that troops are exposed to HPM environments .It has been clearly confirmed that microwave radiation could cause varying degrees of damage to the nervous system , immune system , cardiovascular system and reproductive system under specific conditions .Therefore , it is of important significance to reduce adverse effects of HPM radiation and improve the combat capability of troops via effective medical protection while doing well in physical protection .According to the mecha-nism and characteristics of microwave radiation damage effects , recent advances in microwave radiation protection are re-viewed in this article , hoping to facilitate research on safer and better drugs .

Objective:To develop an HPLC method for the determination of nintedanib in rabbit plasma and study the pharmacoki-netics of nintedanib in rabbits. Methods:The separation was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column. A mixture of acetoni-trile-0. 1% trifluoroacetic acid-water (35∶ 20∶ 45) was used as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1. The detection wavelength was set at 286 nm. Carbamazepine was used as the internal standard and nintedanib was extracted by ethyl acetate from plasma under basic condition. Totally 6 rabbits were given 20 mg·kg-1 nintedanib with intravenous administration. The blood samples were collected from the auricular vein at different time points after the administration. The concentration of nintedanib in plasma was detected by the HPLC method. The pharmacokinetics parameters were analyzed by DAS program. Results: An excellent linear rela-tionship was obtained within the range of 0. 05-10. 00 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 8). The intra-day RSD was 5. 55%, 4. 53% and 2. 74%and inter-day RSD was 6. 15%, 5. 45% and 3. 15%, respectively for the three concentrations(0. 10, 2. 50 and 7. 50μg·ml-1), and the relative recovery was (98. 50 ± 5. 47)%, (100. 25 ± 4. 54)% and (99. 94 ± 2. 74)%, respectively. The main pharmacokinetics parameters of nintedanib were as follows: Cmaxwas (3.01 ±0.35) μg·ml-1, t1/2 was (4.38 ±1.53) h and AUC0-t was (11.67 ± 1. 71) μg·h·ml-1 . Conclusion:The method is simple, rapid and accurate, and can be used to determine the nintedanib concentra-tion in rabbit plasma and study its pharmacokinetics. Nintedanib is fitted the first-order elimination kinetics in rabbits.

Objective To investigate The effect of Heat shock protein 70(HSP70) antisense oligonucleotides (ASO)to bladder carcinoma in mouse loaded with tumor.Methods The 40 mice loaded with tumor subcutaneously were established by cultured BIU-87 cells,and divided into 4 groups randomly when the subcutaneous neoplasms grew to about 100 mm3,namely,HSP70 mRNA ASO plus mitomycin C(MMC)group;HSP70 mRNA ASO group;MMC and blank control.HSP70 mRNA ASO were injected into neoplasms,10mmg/kg weight,twice every week,and MMC 0.1mg/kg weight,twice every week,and the above schemes were replaced with normal saline to blank.The neoplasms were peeled off,photograghed and weighed in 30 days.HSP70 expressions were examined with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),mierovaseular density(MVD)was evaluated by immunohis to chemical staining and the tumor cells apoptosis was detected by terrainal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling technique (TUNEL).Results The tumor inhibition rate in ASO+MMC surpassed 50%.more than ASO or MMC respectively,and the differences were significantly(P＜0.05).The ASO and MMC exceeded blank group respectively(P＜0.05).The ASO was the same as the MMC(P＞0.05).The apoptotic index(AI)in ASO+MMC surpassed the other three groups (P＜0.05).The difference between ASO and MMC was not significant (P＞0.05),while the A1 of ASO or MMC was more than blank respectively(P＜0.05).The results of MVD were in accordance with the above results.Conclusion The injection of HSP70 mRNA ASO in tumor locally can inhibit neoplasm growth,and this effect might correlate with the inhibition of apoptosis and microvascular forming resulting from the ASO.

malities should be alerted in TOF.

Objective To observe change of T regulatory cells (Tregs) and its relation with in-jury severity and sepsis following severe muhiple injury. Methods A total of 60 patients were em-ployed in the study and divided into severe group (30 patients) and critical group (30 patients) based on ISS scores and into sepsis group (22 patients) and non-sepsis group (38 patients) based on complication of sepsis. The proportion of Tregs in peripheral blood in different groups was detected by flow cytometry at days 1,3,5 and 8 after injury. Results The proportion of Tregs was significantly increased at day 5 postinjury, with statistical difference compared with that at day 3 postinjury (P < 0.01). The proportion of Tregs remained increasing at day 8 pestinjury (P < 0.05). At day 8 postinjury, the proportion of Tregs in critical group was significantly higher than that in severe group (P < 0.01). At the same time, the proportion of Tregs in sepsis group was significantly higher than that in non-sepsis group (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed a positive correlation of Tregs proportion with ISS score (rs =0.654, P < 0.01). Conclusions Tregs play an important role in suppression of T cell-mediated im-munity after severe injury. The variation of Tregs can help evaluate prognosis and predict the risk of com-plicating sepsis in patients with severe multiple injury.

Objective To explore the recuperative effect of immunological function and nutritional status on the patients treated by immune enteral nutrition in early stage after severe multiple injury (SMI). Method The patients with SMI,in department of Trauma Surgery,Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,between January 2006 to May 2007 were randomly divided into 2 groups: immune enteral nutrition group (IEN group, 20 cases), enteral nutrition group (EN group, 20 cases). The health persons served as the control group(15 cases) .Since 1st postinjury day, all patients were treated with nutritional support. The T-cell subgroup in periphera blood were detected by FCM and the level of PA, RBP, IL-2 and IL-4 in blood serum were detected by ELASA on the 1st, 3rd,5th, 8th postinjury day. Results After the treatment of IEN and EN,the serum levels of PA, RBP and the proportion of T-cell subgroup were significantly increased on the 8th postinjury day compared with on 1st postinjury day (P ＜ 0.01), but there were no differences between IEN group and EN group. The level of IL-4 were significantly decreased and the level of IL-2 were significantly increased in each group on 8th postinjury day, at same time, the level of IL-2 were significantly increased in IEN group compared with EN group (P ＜ 0.05), and the level of IL-4 were significantly decreased in IEN group compared with EN group (P ＜ 0.05). The duration of SIRS was transient and the infected complication was low on the patients treatment by IEN than EN. Conclusions On the patients with severe multiple injury, IEN was most ascendant than EN to improve the immunosuppression and clinical prognosis.

Objective To study the alteration of microbial population distribution and resistance of clinical bacterial isolates in patients with severity muhiple injuries. Methods The distributed Features of 432 strains of infection germs detected among the patients with severe muhiple iniuries admitted into hospital from January 2004 to December 2006 were statistically analyzed during. Results In the total 432 strains,the G accounted for 62.9%(272/432),dominated mainly by pathogens including Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacter baumanni I and Escherichia Coli.The G+accounted for 37%(160/432),mainly including Staphylococcus anreus,enterococci and coagulase negative staphylococcus (CNS).Mixed infection rate was 41.1%.The isolating rate of enterococci.CNS and Sten Matophilia was obviously upgraded. Conclusions The source of infection in patients with severity multiple injuries is Gram-negative bacterium,suggesting that surveillance of bacterial resistance and rational use of antimicrobial agents should be emphasized during clinical therapy.

Objective To study the diagnosis accuracy and features of echocardiography on aortic coarctation combined with hypoplastic aortic arch. Methods The echocardiographic characteristics of seven patients who were diagnosed as aortic coarctation combined with hypoplastic aortic arch were analyzed and compared with results of cardiac catheterization, CT scan and operation. The diagnostic features of echocardiography were summarized. Results Besides the echocardiographic characteristics of aortic coarctation,other specific echocardiographic characteristics of hypoplastic aortic arch were:distinct stenoses of transverse and decsending part of aortic arch were visualized in supra-sternal long-axis view; the range of hypoplastic part started from innominate artery beginning or left common carotid artery beginning; the ratio of diameter of hypoplastic aortic arch over that of descending aorta at diaphragm was less than 0. 5; the blood flow speed detected by Doppler at the site of aortic coarctation was in the normal range. The echocardiographic characteristics of the aortic coarctation combined with hypoplastic aortic arch were correspondent to the results of cardiac catheterization, CT scan and operation results. Conclusions There is high accuracy of echocardiography in diagnosis of aortic coarctation combined with hypoplastic aortic arch. Hypoplastic aortic arch should be paid more attention in diagnosis of aortic coarctation.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of transthoracic minimally invasive occlusion operation guided by transesophageal echocardiography for the treatment of congenital atrial or/and ventricular septal defects (ASD/VSD).Methods The clinical data of a total of 44 patients who underwent surgical occlusion operation from September 2013 to June 2015 were summarized.The whole course of occlusion procedure were dynamically monitored and guided by transesophageal echocardiography.All the patients were followed up regularly by electrocardiogram and echocardiograph.Results Among the 44 patients,43 patients(28 VSDs and 16 ASDs,including one patient suffered with VSD and ASD simultaneously)were occluded successfully,and the other patient with VSD who failed in the surgery was converted to open heart repair.The occlusion operations were finished within 22 to 48 min.The length of incision spaned from 2 to 4.5 cm.The ventilator was used for 1 to 5 hours.The total drainge volumes were recorded each patient from 0 to 50 mL.The postoperative hospitalization stay was 2 to 6 days,and all patients survived and were discharged.During the follow-up of 1 to 12 months, there was no cases with A-V conduction block,valve incompetent,cardiac arrhythmia and residual shunt of heart septel defect.Conclusion Transthoraic mini-invasive surgical occlusion of atrial and ventricular septal defects is a therapeutic method with less trauma,higher safety and feasiblity,faster recovery,and the short-term therapeutic effect is satisfying.

Objective To investigate the adverse effect of different doses of high power microwave(HPM) irradiation on oxidative stress in the brain of Wistar rats in order to contribute to establishing an animal model to evaluate protective agents which will be used for protection against microwave radiation.Methods Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 16 groups according to factor analysis.The average power density was 0,10,30 and 100 mW/cm2 and the sampling time was 6 h,1,3 and 7 d .The duration of exposure was 6 minutes for each radiation group.After exposure, the rats were sacrificed at each sampling time.Colorimetric method was used to measure the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) and protein carbonyl, the activity of GSH-px, SOD and CAT.Results The content of MDA and protein carbonyl of each radiation group was increased with the radiation dose, but decreased with the sampling time prolonged.The activity of superoxide dismutast(SOD),glutathion peroxidase(GSH-px) and catalase(CAT) in each radiation group was decreased with the radiation dose increased, and with the sampling time prolonged, but increased later.Conclusion Microwave radiation can cause oxidative stress in rats brain, as shown by the oxidative damage of lipid and protein and the decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes.Besides, the effect also depends on the radiation dose and sampling time.