OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extract technology of the total Favonoids from the fruits of Polygonum viviparum L.METHODS: The content of Flavonoids was computed with rutin as standard substance, and the influence of different factors and levels on the extract technology were investigated by means of simple factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. RESULTS: The optimum extraction technology was as follows: with water-bath temperature at 80℃, the ratio of liquid to solid material at 8∶1 and the concentration of ethanol at 50%, reflux extracting total Favonoids twice(1 h at each time). Under this condition, the content of total Flavonoids was 9.6%. CONCLUSION: The extraction method is appropriate, simple and feasible, and it provided theoretic basis for the production of this product.

To investigate the protection effect of DNA vaccine in mammalian and avian systems, the DNA vaccine was inoculated in both BALB/c mice and SPF chickens immunized with DNA vaccines encoding hemagglutinin (HA) from A/Goose/GuangDong/1/96 (H5N1) virus. The mice and chickens were immunized twice, 3 weeks apart, by electroporation into muscles or intramuscular injection. Two weeks after the second immunization, the mice and chickens were challenged with a lethal dose of homologous virus. The mice and chickens immunized by electroporation obtained completely protection against the virus, and could effectively inhibited viruses to replicating in mouse lung and chicken cloaca. At the same time, these protections were companied by high levels specific antibody to H5N1 AIV, while the blank plasmid controls experience 100 percent mortality following challenge. Furthermore, in the experiment of mice by eletroporation,stronger obviously CTL activity were observed after challenge. Thus, the cellular immune responses of the mice immunized by electroporation were exhibited. These results strongly demonstrate that HA DNA vaccines provide effective protection against influenza virus infection in mammalian and avian, and suggest that electroporation is one of the efficient gene delivery systems for the transfer of influenza DNA vaccine in both humoral immunity and cellular immunity.

Objective To investigate the expression of JAM-1 after microwave irradiation and its correlation with blood-brain barrier integrity. Methods A total of 160 male Wistar rats were divided into a sham radiation group and a radiation group. The radiation group was subdivided into three sub-groups treated with micrewaves at average power densities of 10, 30 and 100 mW/cm2. Rats in each group were sacrificed and their brain tissue sampled at 6 hours and 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after the irradiation. Evans blue ( EB ) dye, laser confocal microscopy,Western blotting, RT-PCR and image analysis were used to test the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and the expression of JAM-1 in protein and at the gene level in the rats' hippocampus and cortex. Results There was an increase of EB in the hippocampus 3 to 14 days after 10 and 100 mW/cm2 microwave irradiation. The EB level increased progressively in the 10 and 30 mW/cm2 groups within 7 d after irradiation but recovered by the 14th day. It also increased progressively in the 100 mW/cm2 group within 14 d after irradiation. In the hippocampus, EB was observed only in the lumens of the blood vessels in the sham group, but EB had diffused out of the blood vessels in the irradiated groups by the 3rd day after irradiation. After 10 or 30 mW/cm2 microwave irradiation, JAM-1 protein in the hippocampus and cortex decreased significantly within 7 d after irradiation but recovered by the 14th day. It decreased progressively in the 100 mW/cm2 group within 14 d after irradiation. The expression of JAM-1 mRNA in the hippocampus decreased significantly at 6 h after irradiation at all power levels, but it recovered within 7 days in the 10 and 30 mW/cm2 groups. Conclusions Microwave radiation can decrease the expression of JAM-1 in the hippocampus and cortex. The degree of decrease is positively correlated with the microwave radiation power. The change might involve increasing the permeability of the blood-brain barrier.

Objective: To investigate the determinants affecting the heart rate deceleration capacity (DC) in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods: One hundred patients with DCM (DCM group) and 202 healthy subjects (control group) were respectively enrolled. Echocardiography and 24 hours electrocardiogram were performed in all subjects. DC value was compared between the two groups. Multiple regression analysis was made to evaluate the related determinants of DC ((age, sex, echocardiographic parameters including the left atrial diameter (LAD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)). Results: (1) DC value was significantly lower in DCM group than in control group( (4.40±2.03) ms vs. (7.30±1.81) ms, P<0.01), prevalence of DC value≤4.5 ms was significantly higher in DCM group than in control group (62% vs. 6%, P<0.01). (2) DC value in the DCM group decreased in proportion to increasing LAD dimension, DC value was (5.60±2.04) ms, (4.50±2.07) ms and (3.60±1.62) ms (P<0.05) in DCM patients with LAD≤40 mm, 40 mm50 mm, respectively. (3) DC value in the DCM group was negatively related to the LAD (r=-0.366, P<0.01), positively related to the LVEF (r= 0.241, P<0.01), but not related with age and sex. Multiple factors regression analysis showed that increased LAD was related to the reduced DC values independtly. Conclusion DC value of the patients in the DCM group is decreased, which indicate the decrease of the vagus nerve tension, and increased LAD is related to the reduced DC value independtly in DCM patients.

Objective To investigate the effects and adverse reactions of apatinib in advanced gastric cancer patients.Methods Two hundred and forty cases of advanced gastric cancer patients who had failed chemotherapy were collected from January 30,2016 to November 1,2017 in the First Hospital of Zibo City of Shandong Province and the Central Hospital of Zibo City of Shandong Province.All patients took oral apatinib mesylate,850 mg/time,1 time/d,and 28 d as 1 cycle of treatment,during which clinical efficacy,adverse reaction and progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival period (OS) were evaluated.Adopting Cox regression model to analyze risk factors of PFS and OS.Results Of all 240 patients,no patient reached complete response (CR) standard,25 patients (10.4％) reached partial response (PR) standard,113 patients (47.1％) reached stable disease (SD) standard,and 102 patients (42.5％) reached progressive disease (PD) standard.Objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 10.4％ (25/240) and 57.5％ (138/240) respectively.When apatinib was taken as a 2nd line treatment,ORR and DCR were 62.5％ (5/8) and 75.0％ (6/8) respectively;as 3rd line treatment,the result came to 13.9％ (20/144) and 67.4％ (97/144);as 4th line treatment,it was 0 and 52.4％ (33/63);as 5th line treatment,it was 0 and 8.0％ (2/25).Among the various adverse effects of apatinib,the most common ones observed were skin lesion (65.8％,158/240),fatigue (57.9％,139/240),gastrointestinal reaction (45.4％,109/240),and hypertension (38.8％,93/240).Cox multivariate analysis showed that the change of treatment time (HR =5.028,95％CI:1.130-15.771,P =0.005) and body mass index (HR =21.069,95％CI:4.521-127.116,P ＜ 0.001) were the independent risk factors of PFS.BMI change (HR =6.550,95％ CI:1.080-38.455,P =0.039) was independent risk factor of OS.Conclusion For patients with advanced gastric cancer who failed with 2nd line and above chemotherapy,oral atatinib still obtain certain DCR and survival gain.Apatinib adverse reactions are various,involving a wide range of organ systems,however are generally controllable.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of periostin (PN) in breast cancer and its adjacent tissues.Methods We evaluated 50 women with breast cancer.We determined PN expression by immunohistochemistry and analyzed positive expression in the tumors and adjacent tissue by paticnt age,TNM stage,SBR type,pathological type,lymph node metastasis,and other factors.Results PN expression in breast cancer and cancer adjacent tissues was associated with an increase in TNM staging (P =0.024),SBR type (P =0.012),and lymphatic metastasis (P =0.035).However,there was no significant correlation between age or pathological type (P ＞ 0.05).Condusion Expression of PN in breast cancer is associated with TNM staging,SBR type,and lymph node metastasis,and is involved in the pathological progression of breast cancer.PN may be a potential prognostic marker for breast cancer.

Objective To comprehensively evaluate the resuscitation effect of endotracheal intubation (ETI) ventilation and laryngeal mask airway (LMA) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods Databases such as Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Ebsco, Elsevier, OVID, Springer, Proquest, and China biomedical literature database (CBMdisc), CNKI, Wanfang database, Chinese Science and Technology Journal Full-text Database, VIP Chinese biomedical journal database were searched from the establishment of literature database to December 2017 to study the difference of effects between ETI and LMA for patients with OHCA. The effect determination indexes included the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rate, 1-month survival and 1-month neurological recovery. After evaluation of the quality of included studies and extraction of the data, the software of RevMan 5.3 was used to analyze those outcomes. Results A total of 9 articles, including 7 English, 2 Chinese;5 prospective studies and 4 retrospective studies were included. All of the literatures had high quality, and the Newcastle Ottawa scale (NOS) scored 7-9 points. The Meta-analysis showed that ETI was significantly more beneficial than LMA in improving the rate of ROSC [odds ratio (OR) = 1.51, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.42-1.62, Z = 12.35, 1 < 0.01], and 1-month survival (OR = 1.16, 95%CI = 1.06-1.26, Z = 3.41, 1 < 0.01), and there was no significant difference in 1-month neurological recovery (OR = 1.13, 95%CI = 0.96-1.32, Z = 1.49, 1 = 0.14). Conclusion ETI has higher recovery success rate and survival rate than LMA for the rescue of OHCA adult patients, but the improvement of the nervous system is unclear.

Objective: To compare the sedation induced by target-controlled infusion of propofol with that by propofol-remifentanil in third molar exaction surgery. Methods: 60 patients for third molar exaction were divided randomly into 2 groups(n = 30): group P(propofol group) and group PR(propofol-remifentanil group). In group P,a titrated infusion of propofol was started until the OAA/S score had reached level 3 in the patients,then the surgery began. In group PR,a infusion of remifentanil with a target plasma concentration of 1 ng /ml and a titrated infusion of propofol was started until the OAA/S score had reached level 3,then the surgery began. In all patients,the heart rate,blood pressure,respiratory rate,oxyhemoglobin saturation and narcotrend index were recorded during the operation. The reactions of the patients in the operation were recorded. The satisfaction of the patients and surgeons was asked. Results: The respiratory rate and the oxyhemoglobin saturation in group PR was lower than those in group P(P ＜ 0. 05). No obvious adverse reaction was observed in the 2 groups. The satisfaction of the patients in the 2 groups was 30 /30 and 30 /30(P＞ 0. 05). Conclusion: The sedation induced by target-controlled infusion of propofol or propofol-remifentanil in third molar extraction is safe. The sedation under target-controlled infusion of propofol-remifentanil is better than that by propofol when inhalating oxygen.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics, causes, diagnosis and treatment of transplant renal artery stenosis after pediatric-to-adult kidney transplantation.Methods:Between July 2014 and March 2019, clinical data were retrospectively reviewed for 25 en-bloc and 27 single kidney transplant cases.Results:One en-bloc(4.0%)and two single kidney recipients(7.4%)were diagnosed as renal artery stenosis at Month 13-23 months post-transplantation.It was higher than the rate of stenosis in adult-to-adult transplant cases(1.1%)during the same period.As compared with recipients without stenosis, stenotic ones had younger pediatric donors( P<0.05)and yet similar body weight of donors as well as recipients( P>0.05). The inner diameters of stenonotic sites were(1.40-1.63)mm and predominant stenotic site was proximal renal artery rather than anastomotic site.The remaining parts of major renal arteries varied from 2.31 to 4.93 mm in diameter.It was normal in children with a corresponding age.All three cases responded well to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting. Conclusions:The cause of stenosis may be an undeveloped local artery diameter due to extensive tissue dissection around artery.Therefore cautious selections of infantile single renal graft for adult recipients and preserving surrounding tissue of renal artery assist in the prevention of graft arterial stenosis.

Beijing has been one of the epicenters attacked most severely by the SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus) since the first patient was diagnosed in one of the city's hospitals. We now report complete genome sequences of the BJ Group, including four isolates (Isolates BJ01, BJ02, BJ03, and BJ04) of the SARS-CoV. It is remarkable that all members of the BJ Group share a common haplotype, consisting of seven loci that differentiate the group from other isolates published to date. Among 42 substitutions uniquely identified from the BJ group, 32 are non-synonymous changes at the amino acid level. Rooted phylogenetic trees, proposed on the basis of haplotypes and other sequence variations of SARS-CoV isolates from Canada, USA, Singapore, and China, gave rise to different paradigms but positioned the BJ Group, together with the newly discovered GD01 (GD-Ins29) in the same clade, followed by the H-U Group (from Hong Kong to USA) and the H-T Group (from Hong Kong to Toronto), leaving the SP Group (Singapore) more distant. This result appears to suggest a possible transmission path from Guangdong to Beijing/Hong Kong, then to other countries and regions.
Genome, Viral ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Mutation ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; SARS Virus ; genetics