Objective To evaluate the applicability and reliability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) technical in detecting the thickness changes of ganglion cell complex (GCC) and outer retinal layers (ORL) in Alzheimer's disease.Method 28 AD patients and 30 healthy control subjects were recruited.SD-OCT was used to measure the macular ganglion cell complex thickness and outer retinal thickness.Cognitive function was evaluated by Mini-Mental State examination (MMSE).Intra-ocular tension and axis length were measured at the same time.Results OCT data shows statistic difference of ganglion cell complex thickness between AD group and control group,while there is no significant difference of outer retinal layers thickness between the two groups.Significant correlations between GCC thickness and MMSE scores were observed.There was no significant correlation between the MMSE scores and the ocular tension.Conclusions Retinal thickness reduction of AD patients can be detected by OTC,and could be related with disease progression.OCT can be used to screen the early stage AD patient.

Objective To analyse and summarize the MRI characteristics of tumor‐like inflammatory demyelinating diseases (TIDD) .Methods MRI findings of 10 cases with pathologically proved TIDD were analyzed retrospectively ,all patients received plain and enhanced MRI scan .Results 3 cases showed multiple lesions in bilateral frontal and parietal lobes ,and 7 cases showed soli‐tary mass ,in which 2 lesions located in the occipital lobe ,2 in the basal ganglia ,2 in the second to fifth segment of cervical cord ,and 1 lesion located in the left frontal parietal lobe .The shape of 7 lesions were irregular ,2 were stripped ,while 1 lesion was oval .6 cases had clear boundary ,while 4 showed ambiguous .Solitary lesions were 1 .7 cm -5 .6 cm in diameter(mean 4 .0 cm ± 1 .48 cm) .8 cases manifested mild edema while 2 had no edema .On MRI plain scan ,lesions were hypointensity on T1WI and hyperintensity on T2WI in 8 cases ,isointensity on T1 WI and hyperintensity on T2 WI in 2 cases ,and all lesions were hyperintensity on FLAIR sequence .DWI were performed in 3 cases ,all lesions showed hyperintensity ,2 of them had patchy hypointensity signal .Hemorrhage was detected in 3 lesions ,cystic lesions or calcification were not found in all cases .On post‐contrast scan ,3 lesions showed ring like enhancement ,2 showed obviously heterogeneous enhancement ,2 had mild enhancement and 2 cases had no enhancement ,1 presented with open ring like enhancement .Conclusion TIDD shows some specific MRI features ,and MRI is helpful to the diagnosis of TIDD .

Objective To study the characteristics and regularities of somatotype growth of Yugu adolescents.Methods The somato-type growth of 989 Yugu adolescents(male:512,female:477)in Sunan was evaluated by the Heath-Carter method.Results The average somatotype of YuGu adolescents in males was mesomorphic ectomorph(3.0-3.6-3.7),and in females,the average somatotype was ectomorphic endomorph(3.8-2.9-3.6).The somatotypes develop from central,endomorphic ectomorph to mesomorphic ectomorph in the male,however,in the female from central,ectomorphic endomorph,endomorphic ectomorph,to mesomorphic endomorph.Conclusion The somatotypes of Yugu adolescents are very different between males and females.In the male group,the somatotypes of the 7-12 year-old group of Yugu adolescents are similar to the Mongolia,Han ethnic,Zhuang ethnic and Hungary.The somatotypes of 13-17 year-old group are similar to Tibetan,Zhuang ethnic,Han ethnic and Daur.However for the female group,the somatotypes of the 7-9 year-old group are similar to Hungary,and the 10-17 year-old group are similar to Tibetan,Zhuang ethnic,Han ethnic and Finn.

Objective:To investigate the effects of decorin (DCN) on the proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells.Methods:Bladder cancer T24 cell line was used as the research object. MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of DCN at different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mg/L) on T24 cell proliferation at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The effects of DCN on T24 cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. MTT assay, Transwell migration and invasion experiments were used to detect the effects of DCN on the adhesion, migration and invasion ability of T24 cells. The effects of DCN on TGF-β1 and P21 protein expression were detected by ELISA and Western blotting.Results:T24 cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/L DCN at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, and there were statistically significant diffe-rences in cell proliferation activity ( F=168.64, P<0.001; F=165.81, P<0.001; F=291.02, P<0.001; F=148.93, P<0.001). T24 cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/L DCN for 72 h, and the cell proliferation activities were (60.71±3.03)%, (40.82±2.09)%, (37.24±1.63)%, (25.65±2.55)%, (23.00±2.67)%, (10.78±1.17)%, (11.04±0.96)%, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference. At the concentration of 40 mg/L, the proliferation activity reached the lowest level, and the inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was the strongest. At concentrations of 40 and 50 mg/L, the cells in G 1 phase reached the peak value, while the cells in S phase reached the lowest value, and the cells in G 2 phase remained unchanged throughout the treatment process. T24 cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/L DCN for 72 h, and the apoptosis rates of cells were (12.18±1.17)%, (21.24±1.05)%, (19.80±1.20)%, (26.52±1.40)%, (30.86±1.40)%, (52.99±1.22)%, (43.04±2.16)%, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( F=178.54, P<0.001). The differences between 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mg/L DCN and 0 mg/L DCN were all statistically significant (all P<0.001). When T24 cells were treated with 0, 40 mg/L DCN for 72 h, the cell adhesion rates were (37.14±1.35)% and (59.86±1.95)%, the numbers of migrated cells were 53.86±3.18 and 12.86±1.35, and there were statistically significant differences ( t=25.25, P<0.001; t=31.36, P<0.001). When DCN was applied to T24 cells for 48 h, the numbers of invasion at 0, 40 mg/L were 235.14±3.44 and 160.86±3.13, and there was a statistically significant difference ( t=2.27, P<0.001). When T24 cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/L DCN for 72 h, the relative expression levels of TGF-β1 were 85.67±3.35, 45.51±1.19, 49.93±4.15, 47.64±3.53, 46.05±3.18, 25.54±2.25, 33.44±4.05, and there was a statistically significant difference ( F=324.58, P<0.001). Compared with 0 mg/L DCN, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/L DCN could significantly inhibited the expression of TGF-β1 (all P<0.001). Compared with 0 mg/L DCN, P21 protein was upregulated 72 h after treatment with 40 mg/L DCN. Conclusion:DCN can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of T24 cells in vitro, and has the effect of anti-metastasis of T24 cells.

Objective To detect the gene expressions of phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome ten (PTEN) engineered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and observe their effects on DBTRG glioma cells.Methods Primary culture of human umbilical cord MSCs was performed;48 h after PTEN transfection into MSCs by liposomes,transfection results were detected under microscope.(1) Transfected MSCsPTEN were used as experimental group and MSCs as control group.PTEN protein and gene expressions of the cells from the two groups were detected by Western blotting and real time-PCR;soluble PTEN protein in the culture supematants was measured using ELISA.(2) In vitro cultured DBTRG cells were divided into four groups,and MSCs supernatant and 25％,50％ and 100％ MSCsPTEN supernatants were added into the four groups,respectively;24 h after culture,calcein AM/EthD-1 staining was used to detect the activity of DBTRG cells which co-cultured with different percentages of MSCsPTEN medium.(3) In vitro cultured DBTRG cells were divided into three groups,and MSCs supernatant and 25％ and 100％ MSCsPTEN supernatants were added into the three groups;RTCA was used to observe the growth curve of DBTRG cells.Results (1) A large number of red fluorescence masses were noted in the MSCsPTEN cells by microscope;real time-PCR and Western blotting indicated that the gene and protein expressions of PTEN in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05).PTEN content in the supernatants of the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05).(2) CalceinAM/EthD-1 staining indicated that 25％,50％ and 100％ MSCsPTEN supernatant groups had significantly larger number of death DBTRG cells than MSCs supernatant group (P＜0.05);and with the increase of MSCsPTEN supeenatant percentages,the number of death DBTRG cells became larger (P＜0.05).(3) RTCA indicated that as compared with the MSCs supernatant group,25％ and 100％ MSCsPTEN supernatant groups had decreased DBTRG cell index.Conclusion After MSCsPTEN transfection,MSCsPTEN cells can stablely express targeted gene,and their supernatant can obviously promote the death of DBTRG cells and inhibit the growth of glioma cells;PTEN engineered MSCs may be an effective gene therapy for gliomas.

Traumatic rib fractures are the most common injury in thoracic trauma. Previously，the patients with traumatic rib fractures were mostly treated non-surgically，of which 50%，especially those combined with flail chest presented chronic pain or chest wall deformities and over 30% had long-term disabilities，being unable to retain a full-time job. In the past two decades，thanks to the development of internal fixation material technology，the surgical treatment of rib fractures has achieved good outcomes. However，there are still some problems in clinical treatment，including inconsistency in surgical treatment and quality control in medical services. The current consensuses on the management of regional traumatic rib fractures published at home and abroad mainly focus on the guidance of the overall treatment decisions and plans，and relevant clinical guidelines abroad lacks progress in surgical treatment of rib fractures in recent years. Therefore，the Chinese Society of Traumatology affiliated to Chinese Medical Association and Chinese College of Trauma Surgeons affiliated to Chinese Medical Doctor Association，in conjunction with national multidisciplinary experts，formulate the Chinese Consensus for Surgical Treatment of Traumatic Rib Fractures（2021）following the principle of evidence-based medicine，scientific nature and practicality. This expert consensus puts forward some clear，applicable，and graded recommendations from aspects of preoperative imaging evaluation，surgical indications，timing of surgery，surgical methods，rib fracture sites for surgical fixation，internal fixation methods and material selections，treatment of combined injuries in rib fractures，in order to provide references for surgical treatment of traumatic rib fractures.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the current status of smoking and passive smoking among Chinese females to provide evidence for related strategy development.

METHODSData from 32 720 women aged 45-65 years old who participated in the 2008 to 2010 Chinese Multi-center Women Breast Cancer Screening Project, were used to analyze the prevalence rates of smoking/heavy smoking, daily smoking, smoking cessation, successful smoking cessation, passive smoking, etc.

RESULTSA total of 913 females, accounted for 2.8% of all the women in the study, had reported the history of smoking. There were significant differences seen regarding the prevalence rates of smoking in different regions (Beijing, 2.8%; Tianjin, 5.9%; Nanchang, 1.7%; Feicheng, 0.9%; Shenyang, 1.8%). The prevalence rates of current smoking, daily smoking, and heavy smoking were 1.8%, 1.0% and 0.2%, respectively. The prevalence rates of smoking and current smoking increased with age but not the prevalence rates of daily smoking and heavy smoking. Among the smokers, the median initiation age of smoking, the median daily cigarette per day, and median year of smoking were 30 years old, 10 cigarette, and 16 years, respectively. And the prevalence rates of smoking cessation and successful smoking cessation were 19.1% and 8.2%. The prevalence rate of passive smoking was 45.7% (12 730/27 874). After combing the number of smokers and the number of passive smokers, the total exposure rate to tobacco was 41.8% (13 670/32 720).

CONCLUSIONThere was a relatively low level of smoking among Chinese females, so as the rate of smoking cessation. However, passive smoking presented a relatively high level among Chinese females.

Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Smoking ; epidemiology ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; statistics & numerical data