Objective To investigate the role of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK) in neuronal Ca2+ overload following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods Neuronal cells of C57BL/6 mouse cortex were collected and cultured. Patch-clamp technique was applied to investigate the changes of intracellular free calcium [Ca2+] i and firing frequency of neuronal action potentials in rest condition or evoked by 100 pA electric current lasting 500 ms after perfusion of Iberiotoxin ( 100 nmmol/L), a BK specific blocker. The cells were divided randomly into experimental group ( plus Iberiotoxin) and control group. Extracellular solution of cultured neurons was further perfused with KCl (20 mmol/L) to induce elevation of [Ca2 +]i and influence of Iberiotoxin ( 100 nmol/L) on amplitude of [Ca2 +] i elevation was determined. Results No significant changes of neuronal spontaneous action potential frequency and [Ca2 +]i were observed in rest condition after perfusion of Iberiotoxin (P＞0.05).However, when evoked by electric current, the frequency of action potential was (10.4 ± 3.0) Hz,which was increased to ( 13.8 ± 3.7 ) Hz after perfusion of Iberiotoxin, with statistical difference (P＜0.05 ). The [Ca2 +] i level was ( 14.21 ± 16.98 ) nmol/Lbefore perfusion with Iberiotoxin but was increased to (44.07 ± 34. 4) nmol/L after perfusion of Iberiotoxin (P ＜ 0.05 ). Extracellular high concentration of KCl increased [Ca2 +] i of neurons, while perfudion of Iberiotoxin further elevated [Ca2 +]i (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion BK may play an important role in the regulation of neuronal [Ca2+] i and in neuronal Ca2+overload following TBI.

In order to study the roles of HBx and calcium inhibitor verapamil in apoptosis of human normal hepatic cells, L02-off, a pTet-off stably integrated human hepatic cell line was established, in which HBx expression was tightly induced by Doxycycline. The effect of different amounts of HBx and verapamil on apoptosis of human normal hepatic cells was detected. The study showed that apoptosis was triggered by accumulation of intracellular HBx, while verapamil had no effects on the apoptotic process. It was concluded that apoptosis mediated by HBx was dose-dependent but calcium-independent.
Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hepatitis B Antigens/pharmacology ; Hepatocytes/*cytology ; Trans-Activators/*pharmacology ; Verapamil/*pharmacology

@@

Objective To study relationship between blood-glucose change and prognosis of the patients after severe traumatism.Methods 70 cases severe traumatic emergency patients selected tested the level of blood-glucose instantly when they presented themselves to the clinic after injury,used saccharimether and blood-glucose test paper provided by the Johnson Limited Corporation,and 30 slight traumatic emergency patients at the same time were selected as contrel.Result The blood-glucose after severe traumatic were markedly higher than that of slight traumatic group,which have significance(P

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the achievements of technique of tissue engineered tendon transplant on the basis of recent development of materials of tendon transplant at home and aboard.DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search of Medline database was undertaken to identify articles about materials of tendon transplant and technique of tissue engineered tendon transplant published in English from January 1980 to January 2005, and the keywords were "tendon transplant, tissue engineer, progress". Meanwhile, Chinese relevant articles published between January 1990 and January 2005 were reviewed in CBM database with the keywords of "tendon transplant, tissue engineer, summarization" in Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: Relevant literatures about materials of tendon transplant and technique of tissue engineered tendon transplant were retrieved firstly, and the full-tests were further searched. Those about the materials of tendon transplant and technique of tissue engineered tendon transplant were selected; however, the reviews, repetitive studies and Meta analytic ones were excluded.DATA EXTRACTION: Among 45 articles, 30 ones about materials of tendon transplant and technique of tissue engineered tendon transplant met the required criteria.DATA SYNTHESIS: Main materials of tendon transplant are as follows: autologous tendon, allogeneic tendon, artificial tendon and tissue engineered tendon. Recently, studies on allogeneic tendon are more and more favorable. In late 1980s, establishment and development of tissue engineering bring a new way for repairing deficiency of tendon tissue.Studies on tissue engineered tendon are designed to transplant made-up tendon in vitro to deficient site of tendon in vitro in order to recover articular function. At present, we devote ourselves to study cytoskeleton which is characterized by virtues of both two materials. Combination with tendon cells in vitro can produce a nonvolatile and active tissue engineered tendon.CONCLUSION: Main materials of tendon transplant are as follows: autologous tendon, allogeneic tendon, artificial tendon and tissue engineered tendon. Further application of seed cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) will develop the research in tissue engineered tendon.

0.05).The frequency of action potential evoked by electric current was higher after perfusion of iberiotoxin,as well as thei level during depolarization(n=9,P

Objective To investigate the effects of dexamethasone on the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR ?, GR ?) in human monocyte cell line THP-1.Methods Cultured THP-1 cells were stimulated by dexamethasone with different concentrations and for different durations. The GR ? and GR ? protein expressions were examined by Western blotting. Results The expressions of GR ? and GR ? were observed in stimulated and unstimulated THP-1. The quantity of GR ? expression was reduced by dexamethasone treatment in a time-dependent manner. The quantity of GR ? expression was increased by dexamethasone treatment in time- and dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Dexamethas one stimulation time-dependent reduce GR ? expression in THP-1 cell. Dexamethasone stimulation time- dependent and dose-dependent increase GR ? expression in THP-I. The expressions of GR a and GR ? were regulated by glucocorticoid.

Objective To evaluate the physiological variables,which precisely and reliably reflected the effect of emergency fluid therapy for severely traumatized patients, in order to set up the ultimate criteria of optimal goal in fluid resuscitation. Method A total of 149 patients with severe trauma were given fluid resuscitation and were stratified into 3 groups with different severities of trauma as per ISS (injury severity score) and APACHE Ⅱ . Of all patients, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), oxygen saturation of arterial blood (SaO2), blood gas analysis, arterial blood lactate (ABL), oxygen saturation of central venous blood (SCVO2) or oxygen saturation of mixed venous blood (SVC2), urine output, base excess (BE) and oxygenation index (OI = PaO2/FiO2) were measured and calculated. These variables were compared between groups to find out the significant differences and the relationship to response time to fluid therapy as well as complications and outcomes. Results Within 24 hours of fluid resuscitation, 127 patients reached the therapeutic goal in respect of systemic hemodynamics improved including the variables of SBP, HR and urine output, and the optimal goal of fluid therapy in 112 patients was estimated with cellular oxygen available found in the levels of ABL, BE and OI measured. These two sets of criteria (clinical signs vs laboratory findings) for determining the therapeutic goal showed significant difference in length of time taken for reaching the goal of treatment ( P < 0.05). There were significant differences in APACHE Ⅱ scores between those reaching the therapeutic goal within 24 hours and those taking longer time over 24 hours reaching the therapeutic goal or the death (P < 0.01). The duration of persistence in abnormal systemic hemody-namics and laboratory findings was longer in patients with complications or injured to death than that in survivors (P <0.05 -0.01). Conclusions In addition to the stability of vital signs, tissue perfusion and cellular oxy-genation should be taken as ultimate criteria of successful fluid resuscitation for severely traumatized patients judged by means of measuring the ABL, BE and OI variables.

By establishing a series of Dynamic Cervical Implants (DCI) within C5-C6 cervical spinal segments, the biomechanical finite element analysis for DCI with different width and thickness were carried out to investigate the influence of the width and thickness of DCI's curved section on its equivalent stress and range of motion (ROM), so as to provide some theoretical basis for the optimization of DCI's design. The results show that the width of DCI's curved section has more obvious influence on the ROM of lateral bending and torsion, in comparison with the thickness of DCI's curved section. By appropriate reduction in width, the ROMs of lateral bending and torsion increase obviously, i.e. the overall movement function of patients is improved. Furthermore, the increase of equivalent stress could be counteracted by corresponding increase of thickness.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cervical Vertebrae ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Movement ; Neck ; Prostheses and Implants ; Prosthesis Design ; Range of Motion, Articular

ObjectiveTo investigate changes of Th17/Treg ratio in peripheral blood of patients with traumatic sepsis and discuss the underlying clinical significance.MethodsThrity-five multi-trauma patients enrolled in the study were divided into trauma group (n =22) and sepsis group (n =13 ).Another nine healthy volunteers were designed as the control group.Peripheral blood was collected from all the groups so as to determine the ratios of Th17 and Treg by flow cytometry,detect the mRNA expressions of RORγt and FoxP3 by real time fluorescence quantitative PCR and measure serum levels of IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,IL-17A,IL-23,transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β),interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and C-reaction protein (CRP) by ELISA.Further,the change of Th17/Treg ratio and its clinical significance were analyzed.ResultsThe proportion of Th17 in the trauma group showed no significant difference with that in the control group, whereas the ratio of Th17/Treg was lower than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The proportion of Th17 and ratio of Th17/Treg in the sepsis group were higher than those in the trauma group and control group (P ＜ 0.01 ).Serum concentrations of TGF-β,IL-6 and IL-23 in the sepsis group were all significantly higher than those in the control group ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Serum levels of TGF-β had no significant difference between the sepsis group and the trauma group,while serum concentrations of IL-6 and IL-23 in the sepsis group were higher than those in the trauma group ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Serum level of IL-17A and mRNA expression of RORγt in the sepsis group were higher than those in the trauma and control groups ( both P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionTh17/Treg imbalance is closely correlated with the development of sepsis in patients with severe trauma.