Objective To investigate the expressions of high mobility group box-1(HMGB1) and high sensitivity C-re?active protein (hs-CRP) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the effects of atorvastatin on the two inflamma?tory cytokines. Methods A total of 90 patients with ACS and 90 cases of normal control subjects were selected in this study. The serum concentrations of HMGB1 and hs-CRP were measured before treatment in patients of ACS. Patients were randomly divided into two groups:control group (n=45) and atorvastatin group (n=45). Atorvastatin was given 20 mg/24 h and 40 mg/24 h. Blood samples were obtained from the patients for detection of HMGB1 and hs-CRP one week after treatment with atorvastatin. Results There were significantly higher serum levels of HMGB1 and hs-CRP in patients with ACS than those of control subjects (P<0.01). The level of HMGB1 was positively correlated with the level of hs-CRP in patients of ACS (r=0.389, P<0.01). Before treatment, there were no significant diffferences in level of HMGB1 and hs-CRP in patients with ACS between the two groups. After treatment with atorvastatin, the levels of HMGB1 and hs-CRP were decreased in the two groups of ACS, and those were significantly lower in the intensive group than the standard group (P<0.05). Conclu?sion HMGB1 could stimulate the secretion of hs-CRP and other inflammatory cytokines, playing an important role in the process of occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. High loading dose of atorvastatin may reduce the expression of HMGB1 and decrease the inflammation, and stabilize the plaques in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Objective:To study the effects of combined occupational exposure of benzene, toluene, and xylene on human metabolism at an overall level, and to screen biomarkers related to the combined occupational exposure of benzene, toluene, and xylene, and to explore the mechanism of early health effects preliminarily caused by combined occupational exposure of benzene, toluene, and xylene by identification of biomarkers and retrieval of metabolic pathways.Methods:A shoe-making company was selected as the research site. Twenty subjects for the exposed group and the control group were selected separately, and urine of the subjects was collected. The metabolic profiles of the samples were collected by liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and professional metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis software were used to establish PCA and OPLS-DA analysis models to screen potential biomarkers and identify biomarkers. Finally, based on the dynamic changes and trends of potential biomarkers between groups, the mechanism of body damage caused by benzene, toluene, and xylene was initially explored.Results:Urine metabolomics analysis showed that the metabolic profile of urine samples of the benzene, toluene, and xylene combined exposure group was different from that of the control group. 27 potential biomarkers that were closely related to the combined exposure of benzene, toluene, and xylene were screened and identified. These potential biomarkers were enriched in 16 metabolic pathways, of which 3 pathways were significantly enriched ( P<0.05) , respectively, lysine metabolism, amino sugar metabolism, and nucleotide sugar metabolism. Conclusion:The metabonomics method can well reflect the changes in the metabolome of urine samples in the occupational population after the combined exposure of benzene, toluene, and xylene, which will help us better evaluate the risk of combined exposure of benzene, toluene, and xylene and prevent and control their health risks.

Objective:To investigate the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) on urine metabolites in occupationally exposure people based on metabolomics technology, and to explore the mechanism of early health effects of TiO 2 NPs on occupational exposure. Methods:In October 2019, the TiO 2 NPs occupational exposure population was selected as the research object, of which 64 people were in the exposure group who had been engaged in TiO 2 NPs exposure positions for more than 1 year; the control group was 62 people, who were logistics administrative staff of the same company. The urine of the research subjects before class was collected, using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometer to collect the metabolism data of the urine, Progenesis QI software for data preprocessing and metabolite identification, SIMCA-P software for the principal component analysis of the data and potential biomarkers screening, MetaboAnalyst 4.0 software for metabolic pathway enrichment analysis. Results:The urine metabolism profile of workers in the exposure group was different from the control group, and 44 potential biomarkers were screened and identified. These potential biomarkers were significantly enriched in three pathways ( P<0.05) , namely D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism pathway, nitrogen metabolism pathway and D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism pathways. Conclusion:The occupational exposure of TiO 2 NPs can affect the concentration of metabolites in people urine and metabolic pathways, which provides a direction for the study of occupational hazard mechanisms of TiO 2 NPs and the monitoring of health risks.

Objective:To develop a method for the analysis of phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA) and mandelic acid (MA) in urine by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.Methods:The study was conducted in April 2022. Urine samples were directly diluted with the initial mobile phase, separated by Waters HSS T3 column after passing through the membrane, and analyzed under negative ionization mode (ESI -) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) conditions, the contents of PGA and MA in human urine were quantitatively determined by external standard method. Results:The determination of PGA and MA showed a good linear relationship within the range of 10-1000 ng/ml, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999. The linear regression equation of PGA was y=1141.4 x+2157.3, the detection limit and lower limit of quantification of the method were 0.081 ng/ml and 0.269 ng/ml, and the recovery rate was 90.47%-99.83%. The linear regression equation of MA was y=62.8 x+140.3, the detection limit and lower limit of quantification of the method were 0.551 ng/ml and 1.836 ng/ml, and the recovery rate was 92.75%-101.09%. The intra and inter batch precision of PGA and MA were both<5%. Conclusion:An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of PGA and MA in urine was established.The sample pretreatment operation is simple, and the accuracy and precision of the method meet the standard requirements. It can be used for monitoring and evaluating PGA and MA in urine of the general population and occupational contact population.

Objective:To establish a method for determination of acetone in urine by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Methods:From March to June 2021, the 3.0 ml urine sample was placed in a headspace bottle with 4.0 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate and sealed. Equilibration time was 30 min at 85 ℃. The separation was carried out on a DB-5MS column. The urine sample was detected by mass spectrometry and quantified by external standard method.Results:The method for the determination of acetone in urine by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry had good linearity in the range of 51.2-1024.0 μg/L, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9995. The detection limit and the lower limit of quantification of acetone were 16.4 μg/L and 54.6 μg/L. The average recoveries of samples ranged from 94.9% to 96.8%. The intra-assay precision and inter-assay precision were both less than 10%. Samples can be stored at least 7 d at 4 ℃ or -20 ℃.Conclusion:This method has simple sample preparation and high sensitivity. It can be used for monitoring and evaluation of urinary acetone in the general population and occupationally exposed populations.

Objective:To develop a method for the analysis of phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA) and mandelic acid (MA) in urine by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.Methods:The study was conducted in April 2022. Urine samples were directly diluted with the initial mobile phase, separated by Waters HSS T3 column after passing through the membrane, and analyzed under negative ionization mode (ESI -) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) conditions, the contents of PGA and MA in human urine were quantitatively determined by external standard method. Results:The determination of PGA and MA showed a good linear relationship within the range of 10-1000 ng/ml, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999. The linear regression equation of PGA was y=1141.4 x+2157.3, the detection limit and lower limit of quantification of the method were 0.081 ng/ml and 0.269 ng/ml, and the recovery rate was 90.47%-99.83%. The linear regression equation of MA was y=62.8 x+140.3, the detection limit and lower limit of quantification of the method were 0.551 ng/ml and 1.836 ng/ml, and the recovery rate was 92.75%-101.09%. The intra and inter batch precision of PGA and MA were both<5%. Conclusion:An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of PGA and MA in urine was established.The sample pretreatment operation is simple, and the accuracy and precision of the method meet the standard requirements. It can be used for monitoring and evaluating PGA and MA in urine of the general population and occupational contact population.

Objective:To establish a method for determination of acetone in urine by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Methods:From March to June 2021, the 3.0 ml urine sample was placed in a headspace bottle with 4.0 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate and sealed. Equilibration time was 30 min at 85 ℃. The separation was carried out on a DB-5MS column. The urine sample was detected by mass spectrometry and quantified by external standard method.Results:The method for the determination of acetone in urine by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry had good linearity in the range of 51.2-1024.0 μg/L, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9995. The detection limit and the lower limit of quantification of acetone were 16.4 μg/L and 54.6 μg/L. The average recoveries of samples ranged from 94.9% to 96.8%. The intra-assay precision and inter-assay precision were both less than 10%. Samples can be stored at least 7 d at 4 ℃ or -20 ℃.Conclusion:This method has simple sample preparation and high sensitivity. It can be used for monitoring and evaluation of urinary acetone in the general population and occupationally exposed populations.

Objective:To study the effects of combined occupational exposure of benzene, toluene, and xylene on human metabolism at an overall level, and to screen biomarkers related to the combined occupational exposure of benzene, toluene, and xylene, and to explore the mechanism of early health effects preliminarily caused by combined occupational exposure of benzene, toluene, and xylene by identification of biomarkers and retrieval of metabolic pathways.Methods:A shoe-making company was selected as the research site. Twenty subjects for the exposed group and the control group were selected separately, and urine of the subjects was collected. The metabolic profiles of the samples were collected by liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and professional metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis software were used to establish PCA and OPLS-DA analysis models to screen potential biomarkers and identify biomarkers. Finally, based on the dynamic changes and trends of potential biomarkers between groups, the mechanism of body damage caused by benzene, toluene, and xylene was initially explored.Results:Urine metabolomics analysis showed that the metabolic profile of urine samples of the benzene, toluene, and xylene combined exposure group was different from that of the control group. 27 potential biomarkers that were closely related to the combined exposure of benzene, toluene, and xylene were screened and identified. These potential biomarkers were enriched in 16 metabolic pathways, of which 3 pathways were significantly enriched ( P<0.05) , respectively, lysine metabolism, amino sugar metabolism, and nucleotide sugar metabolism. Conclusion:The metabonomics method can well reflect the changes in the metabolome of urine samples in the occupational population after the combined exposure of benzene, toluene, and xylene, which will help us better evaluate the risk of combined exposure of benzene, toluene, and xylene and prevent and control their health risks.

Objective:To investigate the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) on urine metabolites in occupationally exposure people based on metabolomics technology, and to explore the mechanism of early health effects of TiO 2 NPs on occupational exposure. Methods:In October 2019, the TiO 2 NPs occupational exposure population was selected as the research object, of which 64 people were in the exposure group who had been engaged in TiO 2 NPs exposure positions for more than 1 year; the control group was 62 people, who were logistics administrative staff of the same company. The urine of the research subjects before class was collected, using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometer to collect the metabolism data of the urine, Progenesis QI software for data preprocessing and metabolite identification, SIMCA-P software for the principal component analysis of the data and potential biomarkers screening, MetaboAnalyst 4.0 software for metabolic pathway enrichment analysis. Results:The urine metabolism profile of workers in the exposure group was different from the control group, and 44 potential biomarkers were screened and identified. These potential biomarkers were significantly enriched in three pathways ( P<0.05) , namely D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism pathway, nitrogen metabolism pathway and D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism pathways. Conclusion:The occupational exposure of TiO 2 NPs can affect the concentration of metabolites in people urine and metabolic pathways, which provides a direction for the study of occupational hazard mechanisms of TiO 2 NPs and the monitoring of health risks.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of eight N-nitrosamines (N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosomethylmethylamine, N-nitrosodibutylamine, N-nitrosopropylamine, N-nitrosomorpholine, N-nitrosodianiline and N-nitrosopiperidine) in the air of workplace by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) .Methods:From January to August 2023, eight N-nitrosamines in the air of workplace were collected by ThermoSorb/N column, eluted with 4 ml methanol-dichloromethane (1∶1 volume ratio), separated by VF-624 ms capillary column, detected by multiple reaction monitoring mode and quantified by external standard method. The detection limit and precision of the method were also analyzed.Results:The linear range of the method for the determination of eight N-nitrosamines was 1.0-20.0 μg/L, the correlation coefficient was 0.9993-0.9999, the detection limit was 0.051-0.132 μg/L, and the minimum quantitative concentration was 0.030-0.078 μg/m 3 (calculated by collecting 22.5 L of air sample and eluting with 4.0 ml stripping liquid). The within-run precisions were 2.05%-6.89% and the between-run precisions were 2.41%-8.26%. The desorption rates were 67.20%-102.60%. The sample can be kept at least 7 days at 4 ℃. Conclusion:GC-MS/MS method for the determination of eight N-nitrosamines in workplace air has high sensitivity and good precision, and can accurately determine the content of eight N-nitrosamines in workplace air.