To investigate the inhibitory effects of silymarin on diabetic blood vessels chroniccomplication. Methods:Silymarin was given to streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Rats were killed 9 weeksafter treatment. Plasma LPO, fructosamine and RBC-SOD were measured. LPO, fruct0samine, fluores-cence intensities of AGEs, pentosidine and liperperoxide adducts in aorta were also measured. Results:The early nonenzymatic glycation products-fructosamine were not inhibited, however, LPO and f1uores-cence intensities of AGEs, pentosidine,MDA and HNE adducts in aorta were more significantly reducedthan DM group. Conclusion: The results suggest that silymarin may inhibit nonenzymatic glycation andoxidation in aorta of streptozocin-induced diabetic rats and control the diabetic chronic complication.

To evaluate the prevalence and incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and associated risk factors with CHD in the elderly, a survey was conducted among old subjects aged 60 to 90 who had health examination in PLA General Hospital from 1996 to 1997. A cohort population without CHD had been followed up until 2000, and the incidence of CHD was calculated as the baseline. The incidence of CHD was calculated by person year method. The risk factors of incidence in CHD of different groups were analyzed with multiple logistic regression at the end of four observation years. The incidences of CHD and myocardial infarction (MI) of IGT and DM group were significantly higher than that of NGT group( P

AIM:We investigated the effects of Danshen Dripping Pill(DSP) on the glucose metabolism in rats during the insulin resistant(IR) statue. METHODS:HOMA-IR was used to show the degree of insulin resistant and Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups,normal control,IR control,Pioglitazone(PIO),Danse Injection(DSZ) and DSP groups,and the model rats were given dexamethasone to induce the insulin resistant statue.After being treated for 8 weeks,the serum adiponectin concentration and the relative expression amount of Glut-4 mRNA in skeletal muscles were detected by ELISA and real time PCR,respectively. RESULTS:The insulin resistant model rats induced by dexamethasone had a series of characters with the high level of HOMA-IR,and the serum adiponectin concentration was decreased,the Glut-4 mRNA relative expression amount in skeletal muscle cell and its translocation on the plasma membrane were inhibited.The effects of dexamethasone were significantly reversed by PIO,DSZ and DSP,respectively(P

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Quercetin treatment on diabetic nephropathy.Methods Quercetin 100mg/(kg?d) was given to diabetic rats.Urinary albumin excretion was measured by radioimmunoassay.The expression of TGF ? 1 protein and TGF ? 1 mRNA in renal cortex of diabetic rats were determined by immunohistochemical staining and RT PCR analysis.Results Quercetin treatment decreased urinary albumin excretion in diabetic rats.TGF ? 1 immunohistochemical staining and TGF ? 1 mRNA levels in Quercetion treated group was significantly decreased than untreated DM group ( P

Objective To investigate the effects and the mechanism of Danshen dripping pill(DSP,复方丹参滴丸) on the lipid metabolism in rats under insulin resistant(IR) status.Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control(n=8),IR control(n=8) and DSP groups(n=8).The rats were given dexamethasone(1 mg/kg) intramuscular injection once every other day to induce the IR status in the latter two groups,and the rats in DSP group were administered intra-gastrically with DSP 0.5 g/kg dissolved in normal saline once a day in the morning at 9 o′clock,and in the mean time,the rats in the normal and IR control groups were given intra-gastrically with equal amount of 0.9% NaCl. After 8 weeks of treatment,fasting blood glucose(FBG),fasting insulin(FINS),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),nitric oxide synthase(NOS),nitrogen monoxidum(NO),smooth muscle depth/wall thickness of thoracic aorta were detected,and serum adiponectin concentration was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),respectively.Results After IR model was successfully established,the insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR),TC and TG were increased,the serum NOS production and NO were decreased, smooth muscle depth/wall thickness of thoracic aorta was increased significantly,and the secretion of adiponectin concentration was decreased(P

Silymarin 100mg?kg~(-1)/d was given to streptozotocin induced diabetic rats for 9 weeks. The results showed that LPO,fructosamine and the fluorescence intensities of AGEs,pentosidine,MDA adducts,HNE adducts in renal cortex of diabetic rats were significantly higher than in normal control rats. After being treated with Silymarin,LPO and the fluorescence intensities of AGEs,pentosidine,MDA and HNE adducts in renal cortex were significantly reduced than in untreated DM group.The albumin excretion in Silymarin group was significantly decreased than in untreated DM group.Silymarin may inhibit nonenzy- matic glycation and oxidation in kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and control the diabetic chronic complication.

The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) in erythrocyte of 17 patients with NIDDM and 14 healthy controls were evaluated, and the relationship between SOD and G-6-PD activities and renal functions and urinary protein excretion was studied. The results showed: (1) the activities of SOD and G-6-PD were obviously lower in NIDDM group than in control (P

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Quercetin on kidneys in diabetic rats. Methods STZ induced diabetic rats were given quercetin 100 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 for 8 weeks. Urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) was measured by radioimmunoassay. The changes of creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) and glomerular protein kinase C (PKC) activities were determined. The expression of TGF ? 1 mRNA of renal cortex in diabetic rats were determined by RT PCR analysis. The glomerular changes were also observed morphologically. Results In untreated diabetic rats, Ccr, UAER, kidney weight/body weight and PKC activity in renal glomeruli were significantly increased, the expression of TGF ? 1 mRNA in renal cortex was elevated, and glomerular hypertrophy existed. After Quercetin treatment, Ccr, UAER, PKC activity and the expression of TGF ? 1 mRNA were markedly reduced as compared with those of untreated diabetic rats in 2 and 8 weeks, no significantly abnormal changes in kidney morphology were observed in Quercetin treated group. Conclusion Quercetin ameliorates early diabetic renal hyperdynamic abnormality via inhibiting PKC activity, in which inhibiting of TGF ? 1 production seems to be involved. Reduction of the PKC activity is important in preventing or delaying the development of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To observe the effect and safety of the human glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue,liraglutide,versus insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin alone.Method Ninty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(aged 18-79 years,HbA1C 7.5％-10.0％,body mass index＜40 kg/m2) who had inadequate glycaemic control on metformin were allocated for the research with an open,randomized,parallel controlled clinical research method.The patients kept the original dose of metformin unchanged and were randomly assigned to the liraglutide group or the insulin glargine group according to a proportion of 1 ∶ 1.Liraglutide group started with a dose of 0.6 mg subcutaneous injection qd,changed to 1.2 mg subcutaneous injection qd after one week and kept unchanged until the end of the research.Insulin glargine group started with a dose of 0.1-0.2 U/kg according to the fingertips peripheral blood glucose level before breakfast on the continuous 3 d before every follow-up.At the baseline,after 4 weeks,12 weeks,20 weeks,and 26 weeks of treatment,HbA1C,blood glucose,lipids weight,blood pressure were arranged to measured.86 patients finally completed the study.Results Mean HbA1C and the success rate of HbA1C ＜7％ were similar between liraglutide group and insulin glargine group [(7.06 ± 0.87) ％ vs (7.25 ± 1.20) ％,47.73 ％ vs 45.23 ％,P＞0.05],while the percentage of subjects reaching the composite endpoint of HbA1C＜7％ with no hypoglycemia and no weight gain was significantly higher in liraglutide group than insulin group(P＜0.05) ; Fasting plasma glucose decreased more markedly in insulin glargine group,2 h postprandial plasma glucose was decreased more markedly in liraglutide group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Liraglutide significantly reduced mean body weight by (3.21 ± 1.18) kg,waist circumference by (3.82 ± 1.21) cm,and body mass index by (1.95 ± 0.61) kg/m2 (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),while in the insulin glargine group there sere rise of respective figure of(2.86 ± 0.43) kg,(1.52 ± 0.56) cm,and (0.61 ± 0.25) kg/m2 (P＜0.05),systolic blood pressure and serum triglyceride declined.There was no serious adverse affect in both groups,the incidence of mild hypoglycemia was significantly less in liraglutide group and has a statistically significant difference (4.55％ vs 21.43％,P＜0.05).Conclusions Liraglutide showed a good effect on reducing weight,systolic blood pressure,blood lipid and in addition to blood glucose control which is comparable to insulin glargine.What is more,liraglutide had good safety and tolerability,which can be regarded as a good choice for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin alone.

Simultaneous concurrence of subacute thyroiditis and Graves' disease is rare.We present one case of subacute thyroiditis with Graves' disease and combine with other reports to explore the clinical characteristics and therapeutic considerations.If subacute thyroiditis is considered coexisting simultaneously with Graves' disease,radioactive iodine uptake,thyroid autoantibody,fine-needle aspiration of thyroid gland,thyroid nuclide imaging examination,etc,should be done to make correct diagnosis and to adjust the therapeutic plan.