AIM: To establish HPLC fingerprint of Achyranthes bidentata BI..METHODS: Ten batches of Achyranthes bidentata BI from different habitats were measured by RP-HPLC,and their fingerprints were obtained.C18 column was used.Acetonitrile and water gradient elution were adopted as a mobile phase,the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,the detection wavelength was set at 250 nm,the injection volume was 20 ?L,and the column temperature was at 30 ?C.RESULTS: Fifteen common peaks were confirmed in fingerprints.CONCLUSION: This method is simple,credible and of good reproducibility,can be used for the quality control of Achyranthes bidentata BI..

Objective To survey the current working status of general practitioners (GPs) who received residency training in Shanghai.Methods The current status of general practitioners,who completed residency training in Shanghai from 2013 to 2014,was surveyed with self-designed questionnaire by e-mail.The survey items included current employers,job specification,clinical practice,teaching,scientific research and so on.Results Three hundred and thirteen out of 377 GPs,who completed residency training from 2007 to 2012,participated in the survey (83.0％),including 85 males and 228 females with a mean age of (31.2 ± 2.6) years.Among all participants,298 (95.2％) worked in community health service centers,12.8％ (40/313) of them were involved in general practice teaching,9.9％ (31/313) undertook management,9.3％ (29/313) did academic research in community,and 7.7％ (24/313) had chance for overseas study.The survey also showed that 134 person/times received various commendations and awards.Conclusion Most GPs who completed residency training are undertaking clinical practice in community health service centers,and they are also well involved in management,teaching,and research.

BACKGROUND:Foreign injectable sulphate calcium has good biocompatibility, injectability and in situimmobilization, moulding based on adaptation to the shape of bone defects, but the price is expensive. OBJECTIVE:To explore the optimal fabricating parameters of bone repair materials with α-calciumsulfate hemihydrates as the main component, and to study the performance and characterization METHODS:α-Calciumsulfate hemihydrates powder was mixed with sodium hyaluronate at liquid-solid-ratios of 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4 mL/g using vapor-heat method to prepare injectable bone materials. Performance, setting time and compressive strength of the injectable bone was detected. The best liquid-solid-ratio was 0.3 mL/g.α-Calcium sulfate hemihydrates powder was mixed with calcium sulfate dihydrate powder (1%, 2%, 3% mass fractionas) to fabricate injectable bone materials. Performance, setting time and compressive strength of the injectable bone was also detected; meanwhile, the biosafety of the injectable bone was determined. Theinjectable bone material that was made at the liquid-solid-ratio of 0.3 mL/g and by 2% calcium sulfate dihydrate was implanted into Ba-ma swine models of thoracic bone defects. At the time points of 8, 16 and 24 weeks after implantation, histological observation was done. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The injectable bone material was made at the liquid-solid-ratio of 0.3 mL/g and by 2% calcium sulfate dihydrate. The initial and final setting time was 4.0-5.0 minutes and 8.0-9.0 minutes, respectively. The compressive strength of the injectable bone reached (8.93±0.23) MPa. These findings indicate that the injectable boen material has good performance, initial setting time and compressive strength meeting the requirements of clinical application and good biosafety. Animal experiments show that the injectable bone can provide space for new bone in creeping substitution way by auto-degradation, with osteogenic activity.

Objective To assess community health service ability of general practitioners (GPs) with the Standardized General Practitioner Training(SGPT) in Shanghai.Methods One hundred and four GPs receiving SGPT and matched 102 GPs without SGPT were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study from September to November in 2014.Community health service ability,including abilities in basic medical service and public health service were assessed and compared between two groups.Written examination was applied in the public health services ability assessment.Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) was applied for evaluation of basic medical service abilities.Results The scores of written examination in GPs with SGPT were higher than those without SGPT[(66 ±4) vs.(62 ±7),P ＜0.01].The OSCE scores in GP with SGPT were higher than those without SGPT [(494 ± 78) vs.(448 ± 80),P ＜ 0.01].GPs with SGPT also abtained the higher scores in consultation competence and clinical skills assessment [(245 ± 44) vs.(225 ±40),P＜0.01;(252 ±59) vs.(225 ±61),P ＜0.01].In OSCE,GPs with SGPT got higher score than those without SGPT in 5 stations (medical history collection,doctor-patient communication,basic operation,ECG interpretation,and CPR) (all P ＜ 0.01);however,no significant differences were observed in 3 stations (physical examination,case analysis and X-ray interpretation) between two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions GPs with SGPT have better basic medical service and public health service ability.But some aspects of basic medical service ability need to be strengthened in the training and practice.

Objective To investigate the result of arthroscopic surgery in the treatment of sinus tarsi syndrome. Methods The study involved 15 patients (6 males and 9 females) with sinus tarsi syndrome admitted to First Hospital of Nanjing from July 2006 to May 2008. The age of the patients ranged from 23 to 63 years ( average 46.3 years). All the patients had one side involvement, including 10 patients with left side involvement and five with right side involvement. All the operations were performed under the tourniquet control and the patients were placed at the lateral decubitus position. The lateral, anterolateral and posterolateral portals were applied intraoperatively and the medial portal was applied when necessary. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and American orthopedic foot and ankle scale (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale were used for follow-up evaluation. Results More than two lesions were found under arthroscope in all patients. The lesions included scar tissue hypertrophy and inflammation in the sinus tarsal canal, soft tissue impingement in the subtalar joint, synovitis, partial tears of subtalar capsule, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament or cervical ligament, cartilage injury and subtalar degeneration. All patients were followed up for 19-35 months (mean 26. 1 months). At the final follow-up, the VAS score was improved from preoperative 7.6 points ( range 6-9 points) to postoperative 2.5 points (range 1-4 points) (P＜0.01 ), and the AOFAS score improved from preoperative 41. 9 points (range 20-67 points) to postoperative 83. 1 points ( range 70-100 points) ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). The excellence rate of the AOFAS score reached 73% at the final follow-up. Conclusion For patients with sinus tarsi syndrome after a failed conservative treatment, arthroscopic surgery should be performed as soon as possible and the clinical result is satisfactory.

Objective To evaluate the clinical capability of young general practitioners (GPs) in communities in Shanghai.Methods A cross-sectional survey on clinical ability of young GPs was adopted from October to December 2014.Total 211 GPs aged (31 ± 2) years (25-35) from 17 districts of Shanghai participated in the study.Written examination and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) was applied in the evaluation.Results All 211 GPs (63 male and 148 females) completed the assessment.The overall score of the assessment was (602 ± 83) and the pass rate was 62.6％ (132/211).In written examination the average score was (64 ±7) and the pass rate was 72.1％ (152/211).In OSCE,the highest score (80 ± 15) and pass rate (92.9％,196/211) was in CPR skill,followed by communication skill [average score:(76 ± 15) and pass rate:85.8％ (181/211)].The lowest average score was physical examination (47 ± 15) with a pass rate of 26.1％ (55/211),followed by electrocardiogram reading [average score:(84 ±31) and pass rate:39.8％ (84/211)].In basic operation station,the lowest score was using funduscope and gynecologial examination (29.8％ and 45.4％,respectively).Conclusion Young GPs in Shanghai communities basically master clinical skills,but also have some deficiencies,the training in certain skills need to be strengthened.

Objective: To explore the relationship between left coronary plaque character with the bifurcation angle and diameter by 256-slice CT angiography (CTA). Methods: A total of 387 consecutive patients who received CTA in our hospital were retrospectively studied. There were 102 patients with normal image including 60 male and 42 female at the mean age of (52.10 ± 9.65) years and 285 patients with left coronary plaque including 166 male and 119 female at the mean age of (55.65 ± 10.40) years. All patients were divided into 4 groups according to the plaque condition, Normal group,n=102 patients without plaque, Non-calciifcation group,n=137, Calciifcation group,n=79 and Mixed group,n=69. The patients with non-calciifcation plaque included 73 of mild stenosis and 57 of moderate to severe stenosis in proximal LDA. Left coronary bifurcation angle, proximal diameter and area were measured by multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) and the maximum density projection (MIP) techniques to analyze the relationship between the above indexes and plaque position, character, degree of local stenosis. Results: Left coronary bifurcation angle, the proximal diameter, area in LDA and LCX in 3 plaque groups were all larger than those in Normal group,P<0.05. In Non-calciifcation group, the above indexes were similar between the patients with mild stenosis and moderate to severe stenosis,P>0.05, while in patients with moderate to severe stenosis, the bifurcation angle and diameter were larger in male than those in female patients,P<0.05. Conclusion: 256-slice CTA could objectively evaluate left coronary bifurcation angle, stenosis degree and plaque character, which are valuable for coronary artery disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.

Objective:To analyze the change of bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women,and to study the relationship between BMD and the estrogen,cytokines,and serum levels of bone metabolism.Methods: 135 postmenopausal women were divided into the OP group (n=54),Osteopenia group (n=43) and normal group (n=38) according to the results of lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) scan.To detected the concentration of serum estradiol (E2),bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and osteocalcin (BGP),tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRAP-5b),interleukin-6 (IL-6),tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α),transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) and IL-10 of research objects in the three groups.And to analyze the relationship between BMD and the levels of E2,BALP,BGP,TRAP-5b,IL-6,TNF-α,TGF-β1 and IL-10.Results: In the OP group and the Osteopenia group,BMD and the levels of E2,TGF-β1 and IL-10 were obviously lower than that in the normal group (P<0.05),and the levels of BALP,BGP,TRAP-5b,IL-6 and TNF-α were obviously higher than that in the normal group (P<0.05).When compared with the Osteopenia group,the BMD and E2 level in the OP group was more lower (P<0.05),and the levels of BALP,BGP,TRAP-5b,IL-6 and TNF-α were more higher (P<0.05).E2 and TGF-β1 showed the significant positive correction with BMD (P<0.05),and the BALP,BGP,TRAP-5b,IL-6 and TNF-α were all negatively corrected with BMD (P<0.05).However,no significant difference of relevance was seen between IL-10 and BMD (P>0.05).The low serum E2 levels and high serum levels of BALP,BGP,TRAP-5b,IL-6 and TNF-α were the independent factors affecting the reduction of BMD (P<0.05).Conclusion: The E2 level in patients with PMOP decreased obviously,which caused the imbalance of bone remodeling and inflammatory reaction,and which was related to the decrease of BMD.

Objective:To explore the effect on sex hormone functional of extracts of Herba Epimedii /Fructus Ligustri Lucidi in osteoporosis rats.Methods:50 cases of 3 months Wistar rats were rando mly divided into normal group ,model group,extract low dose group(extract-L),extract middle dose group(extract-M),extract high dose group(extract-H),10 cases in each group,in addition to the normal group,other 4 groups were bulided OP model by filling and feeding retinoic acid for 15 d,then normal group and model group were filling physiological saline;extract-L,extract-M,extract-H were respectively feeding extracts of Herba Epimedii /Fructus Ligustri Lucidi at 50 mg/kg,100 mg/kg,200 mg/kg,both for 3 weeks.Measured the bone mineral density (BMD),observed the femoral pathology change of left femur with hematoxylin and eosin ( HE ) staining, measured trabecular bone tissue morphology related parameters ,analyzed the hormone receptor protein expression with immunohistochemistry .Results:The BMD of the whole femur ,femur head,and femur neck in normal group were all significantly higher than that of model group ,the BMD of the whole femur ,femur head, and femur neck in extract-M and extract-H group were all significantly higher than that of model group ,the BMD of the whole femur in extract-L group was significantly higher than that of model group ,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The bone trabecular number had significantly increased ,integrity,continuity improved significantly ,bone histomorphometry such as Tb.Ar, Tb.Th,and Tb.N in model group were decreased ,and Tb.Sp was increased,extract-M and extract-H group had remarkable effect on each index ,while extract-L group only had a remarkable effect on Tb .Ar and Tb.Th ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ) , compared with model group.The expression of AR , ER in normal groups were significantly higher than that of model group , the expression of AR , ER in extract-H group was significantly higher than that of model group , the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ) . Conclusion:This study demonstrated that the combination with TFE and TIFL had potential protective effects on osteoporosis rats induced by retinoic acid .The combination with TFE and TIFL is able to increase BMD ,reverse pathological changes of bone tissue ,co-ordinate hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis ,and upregulate the expression of sex hormone receptors .

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Yuhang District, Hangzhou City from 2019 to 2023, so as to provide the reference for formulating influenza prevention and control measures. Methods: Influenza case data with current address in Yuhang District was collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System from 2019 to 2023. Influenza-like illness data was collected through the Hangzhou Epidemiological Investigation System. Time distribution, population distribution and pathogen detection of influenza-like illness were descriptively analyzed. Results: There were 118 319 influenza cases reported in Yuhang District from 2019 to 2023, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 2 316.80/105. The highest incidence rate was seen in 2023, with a reported incidence rate of 5 736.82/105. The peak incidence of influenza occurred from November to March of the following year, presenting the winter and spring epidemic. The cases were mainly distributed in the age groups of 7 to 14 years and 25 to 59 years, with 31 310 and 34 470 cases, accounting for 26.46% and 29.13%, respectively. Influenza cases were reported in all 12 towns (streets) in Yuhang District, with the top two being Wuchang Street and Liangzhu Street, with the average annual incidence rates of 17 346.08/105 and 14 945.80/105, respectively. From 2019 to 2023, there were 103 868 cases of influenza-like illness, and 1 482 throat swab samples were collected. Among them, 260 positive samples of influenza virus were detected, with a positive rate of 17.54%. The peak detection period for positive specimens was from November to March of the following year, with 222 influenza virus positive specimens detected. The influenza virus types included H1N1, H3N2, and Victoria B, accounting for 25.77%, 38.85% and 35.38%, respectively. Conclusions The peak of influenza outbreak in Yuhang District from 2019 to 2023 was in winter and spring, with children and adolescents being the main affected objectives. H1N1, H3N2 and Victoria B were alternately prevalent. Prevention and control measures such as influenza vaccination should be strengthened.