Objective To explore the role and mechanism of keratin 19 (KRT19) in breast cancer.Methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was used to determine KRT19 levles in 35 cases of breast cancer tissues and normal tissues.The correlation between KRT19 levels and clinical property of breast cancer was analyzed.Meanwhile,the expression levels of KRT19 in several breast cancer cells and mammary epithelial cell Michigan cancer foundation (MCF)-10A were evaluated by qRT-PCR assay.Over-expressed and knocked-down KRT19 in breast cancer ceils,3-(4,5-dimenthylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay was performed to detect the proliferation and chemosensitivity of these cells.The ability of forming colon of these breast cancer cells with treated KRT19 was studied via colony-forming unit assays.Western blot assay was performed to determine expression levels of ceil cycler related proteins.Results KRT19 was upregulated in breast cancer tissues comparing to normal tissues.KRT19 was positively related to tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage and distant metastasis of breast cancer.Similarly,KRT19 was highly expressed in breast cancer cells compared to mammary epithelial cell MCF-10A.The proliferation and colony-forming ability was significantly enhanced in MCF-7 cell with o,verexpressed KRT19.MTS assay showed that chemosensitivity of MCF-7 cells with overexpression of KRT19 was much more remarkably reduced than the control group.However,knocking down KRT19 in breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 got the opposite results.Western blot assay suggested that KRT19 could obviously upregulated cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) but not p27 expression levels.Conclusions KRT19 was upregulated in breast cancer tissues and was positively related to TNM stage and distant metastasis of breast cancer.KRT19 can significantly enhance proliferation and chemoresistance of breast cancer cells via upregulating CDK1.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical,myopathological and molecular changes in two Chinese families with oculopharyngodistal myopathy ( OPDM).MethodsWe performed muscle biopsy and histopathologic study on the probands of two families,and further examined molecular genetic testing on PABPN1 and GNE gene. Results Family 1 included 3 affected brothers in the same generation and family 2 involved 4 patients in 2 generations. Dysarthria rather than external ophthalmoplegia was the prominent oculopharyngeal symptoms for Chinese patients. No intranuclear inclusions were observed in ultrastructural examination.The number of GCG repeats in the PABPN1 gene was within normal range and no mutations were identified in the GNE gene.ConclusionsFamily 1 is the first publication on autosomal recessive OPDM in China.The age of onset of two families was comparable with Japanese patients and the pattern of muscle involvement was different. OPDM is a distinct phenotypical,histological,and genetic entity.

This paper introduces the working principle of the blood circle treatment system outside the body. A monitoring instrument of plasma leakage suited for the blood circle treatment system outside the body is developed based on the absorption spectrum experiments of plasma leakage. Photoelectric detection technology and virtual instrumentation are utilized in the development. A series of detecting experiments of waste solution containing plasma with continuously changing concentration show the monitoring system possesses a relatively high sensitivity. Moreover, the experiments of continual detection with plasma concentration at one certain point indicate the monitoring system has a quite good stability. The monitoring instrument is adapted to dynamically detecting the plasma leakage when the blood circle treatment system outside the body is working.

Objective To evaluate the effect of sufentanil postconditioning on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, and to investigate the possible mechanism. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley ratswere randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 6 each): sham group (group S), I/R group (group I/R), low dose of sufentanil postconditioning group (group SL), high dose of sufentanil postconditioning group (group SH) andsufentanil postconditioning plus wortmannin group (group WM). Different drugs were injected before reperfusion: normal saline (NS) and sufentanil 1 μg/kg in group SL, NS and sufentanil 3 μg /kg in group SH, wortmannin 15 μg/kg andsufentanil 1 μg/kgin group WM, and NS in group S and I/R. At the end of reperfusion, artery blood was collected for assessment of plasma cTnI concentration; And the heart was harvested for determination of infarct size (IS) and area at risk (AAR). Results Compared with group S, cTnI concentration was increasedin the rest groups (P< 0.01); Compared with group I/R, cTnI concentration was decreased in group SL, SH and WM, while IS/AAR reduced in group SL and SH (P < 0.01); Compared with group SL, cTnI concentration and IS/AAR were decreased in group SH while increased in group WM (P <0.01). Conclusion Sufentanil postconditioning could attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, and the mechanism involved PI3K related pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of STAT3 gene silencing on the growth of xenografts in human pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells in nude mice.Methods The expression vector inserted with shRNA targeting at STAT3 gene was constructed and was stably transfected into SW1990 cells (SW1990-RNAi group).SW1990 cells transfected with negative control shRNA expression vector (SW1990-Con group) and parent SW1990 (SW1990 group) were used as controls.STAT3,VEGF,MMP-2 protein expressions in these groups were determined by using Western blot.The subcutaneous xenografts models were established in nude mice,and the growth of xenografts was observed,CD34 expressions were determined by immunohistochemistry and MVD was measured.Results The expression of STAT3 protein was 84.69 ± 9.31,82.00 ± 7.76,7.93 ± 1.24,repectively,in SW1990 group,SW1990-Con group,SW1990-RNAi group,and the expression of VEGF protein was 82.94 ± 8.97,80.86 ± 10.28,39.04 ± 6.23,respectively,and the expression of MMP-2 protein was 40.88 ± 5.09,38.26 ± 5.71,12.54 ± 2.15,respectively.The expression in SW1990-RNAi group was significantly lower than those in other 2 groups (P ＜ 0.05),while the expression of all three proteins between SW1990-Con group and SW1990 group was not significantly different.The weight of the xenografts in SW1990 group,SW1990-Con group,SW1990-RNAi group was (2.2 ± 0.4),(2.2 ± 0.3),(0.5 ± 0.3) g,respectively ; the MVD of the xenografts was (20.35 ± 2.41),(18.79 ± 1.94),(9.62 ± 1.06) per high power field,respectively,and the number in SW1990-RNAi group was significantly lower than those in other 2 groups (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01),while the difference between SW1990-Con group and SW1990 group were not significant.Conclusions Inhibition of STAT3 gene expression can significantly slow the growth of SW1990 xenografts in nude mice,and the mechanism may be related with down-regulation of VEGF and MMP-2 expression and inhibition of the angiogenesis of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To investigate the impact of renal function and insulin resistance on serum total homocysteine(tHcy) levels in aged diabetic patients with nephropathy. Methods Serum tHcy, blood glucose, lipids, renal function, serum insulin were measured for 98 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and 36 normal control subjects. Results (1) Serum tHcy levels were significantly higher in diabetic group than in control group [(17.2?7.6) ?mol/L vs (9.4?3.5)?mol/L,P

Objective To analyse the causes and clinical characteristics of re-exploration after peripartum hysterectomy due to postpartum hemorrhage. Methods Clinical data was analysed retrospectively including 88 critically ill obstetric patients who underwent peripartum hysterectomy due to postpartum hemorrhage in the Obstetric Critical Care Center of Guangzhou from January 1999 to July 2009, which were divided into re-explored group (n= 14) and non-re-explored group (n=74)depending on whether the patient underwent re-exploration after peripartum hysterectomy. The main demographic data and clinical details were compared between the two groups, including mode of delivery, indication and type of hysterectomy, interval from hysterectomy to re-exploration, surgical intervention, complications, blood loss, blood transfusion,Glasgow Coma Score(GCS), the need for mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit stay and hospital stay. Results Fourteen out of the 88 (15.91%) patients underwent re-exploration due to internal bleeding after peripartum hysterectomy.Removal of cervical stump was performed in five patients and stump hemostasis in eight cases.Significant difference was found between the re-exploration and non-re-explored group on thepercentage of patients complicated with disseminated intravascular coagulation(92.9% vs 43.2%,x2=11.598,P=0.001) and amniotic fluid embolism (28.6% vs 2.7%, x2 =8.663, P=0.003).0.000], blood transfusion [(8163.6± 3903.1 ) ml vs (2958.8± 2323.0) ml, P = 0.000], intensive care unit admission rate (100.0% vs 41.9%, x2 = 15.909, P= 0.000), the need for mechanical ventilation (100.0% vs 24.3%,P=0.000), the number of patients with GCS≤8 score (71.4% vs 25.7% ,x2 = 9.179, P = 0.002 ), the number of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( 71.4% vs 14.9%, x2 = 17.735, P = 0.000), intensive care unit stay [ ( 11.4 ± 10.0 ) d vs ( 1.3 ± 2.3 ) d, P =0.000] and hospital stay[(24.0±13.1) d vs (12.7±7.0) d, P=0.000]. Allof the 14 cases were clinical recovered before discharge. Conclusions The rate of re-exploration after peripartum hysterectomy is not low, and internal bleeding is the most common causes. The re-exploration after peripartum hysterectomy might be associated with coagulopathy and the mode of hysterectomy, and patients may experience more severe complications.

Objective To discuss the management of urethral duplication in children. Methods The clinical data of 1 8 children(all are males)with urethral duplication were retrospectivelv ana-lyzed. All the 18 patients were sagittal plane included epispadias in 6,hyposPadias in 4 and Y type in the remaining 8. In 6 cases with epispadias,3 patients underwent excision of the accessorv dorsal ure-thra,3 patients without operation.Urethroplasty was necessary in the patient with a duplicated hypo-spadiac urethra. Of 8 patients with Y-type urethral duplication,7 patients underwent 2 stage repair including displacement of the urethra from the anal canal to the perineum at stage 1 and subsequent urethral reconstruction at stage 2.The ventral urethra which was hypospadias had been excised in the other one. Results All the patients were followed-up. Good cosmetic and functional resuIts were a-chieved in the 3 boys who underwent excision of the accessory dorsal urethra.In the hypospadiac du-plication,2 patients could void spontaneously through a normally positioned granular meatus.One boy presented with urethral stenosis after operated. One boy had a vesicostomy for neuropathic bladder. In Y-type urethral duplications,only 1 patient was successful after 2-stage urethroplasty,3 patients de- veloped urethra stricture or fistula,3 boys need the 2-stage operation,the other 0ne who underwent excision of the ventral urethra could void spontaneously. Conclusions Urethral duplication is a rare congenital anomaly.The clinical presentation varies because of the different anatomical Datterns of this abnormality. Commonly the ventral urethra is most functional and maintained after surgical correc-tion.Surgical management should be individual and depend on the anatomical configuration of the du-plicated urethras.

Objective To establish a stable and repeatable experimental partial bladder outlet obstruction(p-BOO)rat model and to figure out the impaction of p-BOO on detrusor biomechanical properties.Methods P-BOO animal model was established by partialligation of the bladder neck of male Wistar rats,a urethra stricture by laying a trochar outside of bladder neck.The rats were divided into sham-operation group,P-BOO 6 weeks group(P-B006W)and P～BOO 12 weeks group(PBOO12W)by time.Cystomety was performed in P-BOO6W and the rats were divided into detrusor instability group(DI)and destrusor stability group(DS)on the basis of destrusor stability.The active contraction of detrusor muscle stripes to Carbachol was recorded with tensile foree transducer.The compliance and maximum volume of bladder,bladder leak point pressure were examined by filling cystometry.Results The bladders of P-BOO animal model demonstrated typical post obstruction alterations after P-BOO.The maximum volume increased significantly in DI group(10.8±3.0)ml,DS group(10.3±1.9)ml and P-B0012W group(9.5±2.3)ml as compared with that in sham-operation group(2.1±0.3)ml(P＜0.05).The bladder leak point pressures were significantly higher in DI group(39.4±7.1)cm H2O,DS group(35.9±6.2)cmH2O and P-B0012W group(48.6±9.5)cm H2O as compared with that in sham-operation group(16.2±2.1)cm H2O(P＜0.05).The bladder compliances were significantly higher in 13I group(0.27±0.08)ml/cm H2O,DS group(0.29±0.05)ml/cm H2O and P-BOO12W group(0.21±0.05)ml/cm H2O as compared with that in sham-operationgroup(0.13±0.03)ml/cm H20(P＜0.05).The detrusor contractile force of DI group was significantly lower than that in the sham-operation group and DS group(P＜0.05).No definite contraction wave was detected in the detrusor muscle of P-BOO12W group(amplitude＜0.05g).Conclusions There are 2 different types of the detrusor contraction after P-BOO:DI group with impaired contraction and conversely DS group with compensatory contraction.The contractility of detrusor muscle will be damaged and even irreversible contractile function incapacitation will occur if the obstruction is not removed.The effect of bladder stability tO bladder compliance is inconspicuous and there is close correlation between bladder compliance and bladder capacity.