There are more simply and practicable using new definition and classification guide to treat angle-closure glaucoma in clinic.Closely follow up and selectively use iridotomy can deal with primary angle-closure suspects(PACS).According to mechanisms and characteristics of the angle-closure,different therapy may be given to acute primary angle closure(APAC)and chronic primary angle closure(CPAC)patients.Choosing medication or laser/surgery or both treat primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG)on the basis of optic nerve damaged and target IOP.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristic and risk factors of corticosteriod-induced ocular hypertension after vitreoretinal surgery.Methods Retrospective analysis was made based on the clinical data of 866 patients,including 126 corticosteriod-induced ocular hypertension(89 male,37 female,age range 9-70 years old) after vitreoretinal surgery during May 2002 to May 2005.Results All cases used glucocorticoid locally or systemically.Multi-variance logistic analysis showed that male,complicated vitreoretinal surgery,longer hospital stay,therapeutic duration with glucocorticoid,cataracta were the independent predictive factors,while myopia,hypertension,diabetes were not closely related to corticosteroid-induced ocular hypertension.Conclusion The incidence of corticosteriod-induced ocular hypertension after vitreoretinal surgery was 14.55%.The important factor leading to ocular hypertension is long-term application of glucocorticoid.

Objective To investigate the changes of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) exposed to hypoxia and the mechanism. Methods RGCs were isolated from the retina of neonatal Long Evans rats aged 1 day and cultured, then divided into normal control group and hypoxia group (cultured in incubator containing 1 O_2, 5 CO_2 and 94 N_2). At 1, 3, 12 and 24 h after incubation, the calcium ion level by laser scanning confocal fluorescence microimaging system, the activity of SOD and the content of MDA by biochemistry technology, TNF-? by ELISA were detected. Results No changes of calcium ion level in RGCs were observed in normal control group. The calcium ion level increased significantly in the hypoxia group (P

Objective To investigate the changes of systolic pressure,diastolic pressure,oculocardiac reflex(OCR) and vision of patients suffering from cardiovascular disease when they applied phacoemulsification.Methods Totally 168 cases(182 eyes) who had underwent phacoemulsification were analyzed in random selection.Of all the cases,97(106 eyes) were combined with cardiovascular disease,the others were without any general disease.The changes of blood pressure,OCR,ECG and vision were observed in two groups.Results Compared with preoperative period,the mean systolic blood pressure increased significantly during operation,but the differences of diastolic pressure,OCR,ECG and vision were not significant between the two groups.Conclusion The safety and reliability of the surgery depend on reasonable medication,careful surgical procedure and monitoring for the patients with cardiovascular disease in the peri-operation period.

N". Except the average (Avg)-RNFLT had positive correlation with diopter in severe myopia group (r=0.372, P=0.047), no significant correlation was observed in other parameters among three groups. Conclusion RNFLT in myopia measured by OCT may have its own rule. Avg-RNFLT may have positive correlation with diopter in severe myopia group.

The ophthalmological teaching of clinical laboratory and preventive medicine specialty should base on their own characteristics,and the teaching reform must be conducted form the four aspects of material,outline,practice and test to adapt to the demands of society development.

Objective　To evaluate the therapeutic effect of phacoemulsification for complicated cataract secondary to uveitis. Metho ds　Twenty-one eyes of 19 patients with complicated cataract secondary to uveitis were emulsified in situ frature technique after blunt separation of iris posterior synechiae, excision of organized membrane with scissors and st retching pupil. Results　The visual acuities with correction on e week after operation was≥ 0.5 in 16 eyes (76.2%), and ≥0.2 in 18 eyes (85.7% ). The major complications were iris damage and corneal edema. No rupture of pos terior capsule and corneal decompensation were found. After operation, a round p upil was obtained in 19 eyes (90.5%) and an irregular pupil in 2 eyes (9.5%).Conclusion　This operation is suitable for complicated cataract se condary to uveitis, and worth to popularize due to the minimization of iris dam age and postoperative inflammation in the anterior chamber, good visual acuity r ehabilitation earlier.

Objective To observe and compare the accurate dynamic changes of types Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅴ, and Ⅵ collagens in the wound healing processes of the rabbit cornea undergoing laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and to investigate the possible mechanisms of corneal haze and myopic regression. Methods New Zealand White rabbits were divided into 8 groups: normal control group (n=6), 1, 7 d, and 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 month groups (n=14). Every rabbit underwent LASEK in one eye while the other one with PRK. We used Western blot analysis to compare the wound healing process of dynamic changes of types Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅴ, and Ⅵ collagens in the rabbit cornea at every time point. The results were analyzed with data analysis software. Results Western blot analysis showed that after LASEK, the cornea wound healing with types Ⅰand Ⅲ collagens were much faster than that of PRK, and the wound response was also much weaker. Whereas for types Ⅴ and Ⅵ collagens, their dynamic changes were similar between LASEK and PRK, and they both reached the peak value at 3 month after the surgery, but LASEK group returned to normal earlier than PRK group. The value of these two types of collagens after PRK was higher than that by LASEK. The changes of these four types of collagens may offer us at least partial explanation to the difference of formation of corneal haze and refractive regression. Conclusion There are significant differences between LASEK and PRK in types Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅴ, and Ⅵ collagens or the time of reacting, reaching apex, and returning to normal. LASEK has slighter intensity of reaction. The results indicate that there is excessive aggradation of collagens after PRK, which may be the histological foundation of obvious haze and myopia regression.

Objective To observe the effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) with different concentrations on the growth and survival of rats' retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in vitro. Methods The retinae of 15 Wistar rats which were 2 or 3 days after birth were dissociated into cell suspension with 0 05% trypsin digestion. After 3 days, cultured RGC were identified with immunohistochemistry method using anti-rat Thy-1.1 monoclonal antibody. Cultured RGC were divided into the 10, 20, 40 ng/ml CNTF group (Ⅰ,Ⅱ, and Ⅲgroup) and the control group respectively. The duration of living RGC was recorded. After 3, 5 and 7 days, the A value of living cells was tested by methylthio-tetrazole colorimetric microassay. Results The result of immunohistochemical examination showed that 90% of living cells cultured for 3 days were RGC. No protuberance or volume increase of RGC were observed in CNTF groups and the control group. The duration of the living RGC was prolonged 3 to 4 days in CNTF groups compared with the control group. The A values of living RGC at the 5th and 7th days in the CNTF groups and the control group were: 0.075 8?0.013 9 and 0.069 3?0.011 3 in I group, 0.0902?0.011 4 and 0.082 5?0.0125 in Ⅱ group, 0.079 2?0.013 3 and 0.065 3?0.008 6 in Ⅲ group, and 0.062 0?0.007 1 and 0.051 3?0.006 8 in the control group, respectively. The differences between the simultaneous CNTF and control group were significant (between Ⅱ group and the control group: P

Objective To observe the early ultrastructural changes of the optic nerves after the brain impact injury. Methods Eighteen 15-week-old Wistar rats were used in the air-pressure brain impact injury examination. All of the rats underwent the procedures of right-parietal-bone fenestration after abdominal cavity anesthesia with 1% sodium pentolbarbital (45 mg/kg), and then they were divided randomly into 3 groups, i.e., mild injury group (8 rats) underwent with 7 kg of air pressure in distance of 11 cm; severe injury group (8 rats) with 7 kg of airpressure in distance of 8 cm; and control group (2 rats) underwent with the parietal-bone fenestration but without impact injury.The ultrastructural changes of the optic nerves were observed 1, 6, 24, and 72 hours after the injury by electron microscopy. Results The difference of ultrastructural changes of optic nerve was not obvious in wild injury group and the control group, and the lanthanum nitrate was only found in the blood vessels in optic nerve. The lanthanum nitrate entered the nerve stroma 1 hour after severe and increased as time goes on. Simultaneously, displayed dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum, cavitation and tumefaction of mitochondrion, vacuolation of nerve stroma, and vacuolation of some axis-cylinder were seen in the glial cells. Conclusion The brain impact injury may cause ultrastructural changes of the optic nerve and increase of permeability of blood vessels.