Objective To investigate the effects of emodin on the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and the metabolism of emodin in VSMC. Methods The effects of emodin on the migration or proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell were measured by “transwell" migration system and MTT assay. Results The migration of VSMC could be significantly inhibited by emodin and the inhibitory ratio was 83.8% in 5 ?g/mL emodin group. The antiproliferative effect of emodin was in a dose- and time- dependent manner. However, the supernatant concentration of emodin insignificantly dereased after culture for 24 h. The cytotoxicity of emodin and cellular ROS was not influenced by CYP inducer or inhibitor. The mRNA expression of emodin's primary metabolic enzyme (cytochrome p450 oxidase, CYP) up-regulated insignificantly after treatment of emodin for 24 h. Conclusion Emodin can inhibit the migration and proliferation of VSMC and can not be metabolized by VSMC. Emodin may be a choice for the medication of drug-eluting stent.

Object To investigate the effects of fungal elicitors derived from the fungi Fusarium solani and Aspergillum niger on the accumulation of indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus calli. Methods The total indole alkaloid was extracted after the calli were treated with fungal elicitors. Then, the determination of ajmalicine and catharanthine was carried out by RP HPLC. Results The two fungal elicitors stimulate the accumulation not only the total indole alkaloid but the ajmalicine and catharanthine. The optimal exposure time of the two fungal elicitors for different kinds of indole alkaloid was investigated. Conclusion The two fungal elicitors have obvious effect on the accumulation of indole alkaloid in C. roseus calli.

Objective To study the long-term results of using an autologous vascularized pedicled flap of gastric tissues in the repair of traumatic bile duct strictures.Methods From 2002 to 2016,38 patients with traumatic bile duct strictures underwent repair using an autologous vascularized pedicled flap of stomach tissues.The postoperative morbidity,mortality,long-term clinical results,liver function and the rate of biliary stricture recurrence were studied.Results The overall complication rate was 18.4％ (7/38).A delay in healing of the incision wound occurred in 4 patients,biliary fistula in 2,and ascites in 1.Two patients died of malignant tumor.The median follow-up was 92 (61 ～ 107) months and the follow-up rate was 100％.Excellent results were obtained in 97.2％ (35/36) of patients.Abnormal liver function was detected in 1 patient which improved with treatment using choleretic drugs.The remaining 35 patients had normal liver functions with absence of abdominal pain.Conclusions To repair traumatic bile duct strictures using an autologous vascularized pedicled flap of stomach tissues was safe and reliable,and good long-term outcomes are available.

Objective To study ST-segment deviation on predicting culprit artery or culprit lesion in acute myocardial infarction(AM/).Methods The study population included patients with AMI who subsequently underwent coronary angiography during hospitalization.Culprit artery and culprit parts were evaluated,and ST-segment characteristics were analyzed.Results A higher ST-segment elevation in leadⅢthan in leadⅡand ST-segment depression＞1 mm in lead aVL or lead I were highly sensitive(75%)and specific(100%)markers for right coronary artery-related AMI.ST-segment depression＞1 mm in leadⅡ,Ⅲand aVF was lowly sensitive(39%)and highly specific (93%)marker for the left anterior descending artery-related AMI.Conclusion The culprit artery or culprit lesion coutd be predicted by using electrocardiogram at admission.

Objective To evaluate the of the decision process to perform staged or synchronous bilateral percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) in the treatment of bilateral upper urinary tract calculi. Methods Patients with an indication for bilateral PCNL were enrolled in the study from Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2008. The decision to perform staged or synchronous bilateral PCNL was based on the initial side operative time, the changes of hemoglobin level and systolic arterial pressure, the results of blood gas analysis and the patient′s tolerance at the end of initial side operation. The patients were divided into two groups, patients who underwent synchronous bilateral PCNL were in group one. Patients where the PCNL procedure was stopped after the initial side and subsequently underwent staged bilateral PCNL three to six weeks later were placed in group two. The success and complication rates of two groups were compared and analyzed. Results Of 60 planned simultaneous bilateral PCNLs, nine were stopped after the initial side, due to prolonged operative time in four cases, a hemoglobin level ＜100 g/L or the decrease of more than 30 g/L in three cases, a systolic arterial pressure lower than 90 mm Hg or the decrease more than 30 mm Hg in two cases, an arterial blood pH lower than 7.35 or the arterial oxygen saturation lower than 95% in two cases or the patients were intolerant to the surgery in three cases. Between the two groups, the differences of patient gender, age, BMI, preoperative hemoglobin level, the total hemoglobin decrease, the side initiated operation, stone number and second side stone burden were insignificant. However, there were significant differences in the first operative side stone burden, total stone burden, the first operative side operative time and total operative time. The stone-clearance rate was 87.3% in group one and 88.9% in group two. There was no difference in complication rate of two groups. Conclusions Prolonged operative time, large blood loss during the first operation side and patient intolerance are the main causes of staged bilateral PCNL.

BACKGROUND:Mason II type and III type radial head fractures with massive bone are mainly treated by open reduction and metal fixation, but metal implants have to be removed in the second operation, which increased patients’ travail and financial burden. Absorbable screw/rod also can be used to treat radial head fractures, and has its special advantages due to the low price and no second operation. OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical therapeutic effects of absorbable rod and Herbert screw for the treatment of Mason II or III type radial head fractures. METHODS:A total of 80 patients with Mason II and III type radial head fractures were equal y assigned to experimental and control groups. They received open reduction and internal fixation. The experimental group was treated with absorbable rod and the control group received Herbert screw. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 79 patients were fol owed up for averagely 34 months. No significant difference in average operative time, fracture healing time, Broberg and Morrey elbow scores and incidence of complications was detected between the experimental and control groups (P>0.05). However, treatment costs were lower in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.05). Results indicated that the therapeutic effects between absorbable rod and Herbert screw for Mason II or III type radial head fractures were similar. However, absorbable rod for radial head fractures can avoid the second operation for removal of the implant. Therefore, we recommend absorbable rod in the choice of internal fixation materials.

Objective To evaluate the effect of 8% emulsified isoflurane preconditioning on renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 10-13 weeks,weighing 220-300 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =8 each):sham operation group (group S); I/R group;emulsified isoflurane preconditioning group (group E) ; intralipid preconditioning group (group I).Renal ischemia was induced by occlusion of the left renal pedicle for 45 min with atraumatic microclips followed by 3 h reperfusion.8 % emulsified isoflurane and 30 % intralipid 4 ml· kg-1· h-1 were infused intravenously for 30 min followed by 15 min washout before renal UR in groups E and I,respectively.Arterial blood samples were taken at 3 h of reperfusion to determine the concentrations of serum creatinine (Cr),cystatin C (Cys C),TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10.The animals were then sacrificed and left kidneys were removed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for microscopic examination and assessment of necrosis of renal proximal convoluted tubules (0 =normal,4 =necrosis of whole segment of proximal convoluted tubules).Results Compared with group S,the serum Cr,Cys C,TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations and severity of necrosis of renal proximal convoluted tubules were significantly increased in groups I/R,E and I (P ＜ 0.05).The serum Cr,Cys C,TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations and severity of necrosis of renal proximal convoluted tubules were significantly lower,while the serum IL-10 concentration was higher in group E than in groups I/R and I (P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the indexes mentioned above between groups L and I/R (P ＞ 0.05).The damage to renal tissues was less serious in group E than in groups I/R and L.Conclusion Preconditioning with 8 % emulsified isoflurane can attenuate renal I/R injury by inhibiting inflammatory responses in rats.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy with gamma-knife (γ-SBRT) combined with targeted drug sorafenib and hyperthermia for the treatment of recurrent and metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods:A total of 71 patients with recurrent and metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma were admitted from August 2007 to December 2009. Among these patients, 39 were treated with γ-SBRT and hyperthermia (group 1); 19 were treated with γ-SBRT combined with sorafenib and hyperthermia (group 2). Results: The total efficacy rate after a three-month treatment was 83.1% (59/71). In group 1, the following results were obtained:one-and three-year local control rates of 41.0%(16/39) and 18%(7/39), respectively;one-and three-year overall survival (OS) rates of 41.2% and 17.9%, respectively; and one- and three-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates of 38.4% and 15.4%, respectively. In group 2, the following results were obtained:one-and three-year local rates of 56.3%(18/32) and 28.1%(9/32), respectively;one-and three-year OS rates of 62.5%and 28.1%, respectively;and one-and three-year PFS rates of 59.4%and 25.0%, respectively. Significant differences in OS and PFS were observed between the two groups. Conclusion:The combination ofγ-SBRT with targeted drug sorafenib and hyperthermia can be used effectively to treat recurrent and metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Adverse reactions are mild, and patients can tolerate this treatment.

BACKGROUND:At present, the methods of treating unstable comminuted radial head fractures contain open reduction and internal fixation and metal prosthesis replacement. There were success cases treated by the two methods, but some shortcomings simultaneously existed.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical therapeutic effects of replacement of the radial head with metal prosthesis with open reduction and internal fixation for the treatment of unstable comminuted radial head fractures.
METHODS:A prospective randomized control ed analysis was performed in 45 cases of unstable comminuted radial head fractures. These cases received open reduction and internal fixation and metal prosthesis replacement. This study compared the Broberg and Morrey elbow joint function score and the incidence of complications after fixation, and performed statistical analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The subjects were fol owed up for 1-5 years, averagely 2.8 years. According to Broberg and Morrey scores, the average score was 90.1 and the incidence of complications was 13.6%in the prosthesis replacement group. The average score was 76.8 and the incidence of complications was 47.9%in the open reduction. Significant differences were visible between the two groups (P<0.01). Compared with the open reduction group, prosthesis replacement for unstable comminuted radial head fractures obtained better joint function and lower incidence of complications.

Objective To investigate the relationship between plasma homocysteine (Hcy), Kv1.3 channel and cardiac troponinI (cTnI) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods According to the level of Hcy, 80 STEMI patients were divided into STEMI with Hhcy group (Hcy > 15 μmol/L, n=41) and control group (STEMI group, Hcy≤15μmol/L, n=39). The Hcy, blood lipid and cTnI were detected with automatic biochemistry analyzer, respectively. Peripheral lymphocytes were isolated by ficoll density gradient centrifugation. Real-time PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of Kv1.3, and Western blot assay was used to detect protein expression of Kv1.3. Results cTnI concentrations were obviously higher in STEMI with Hhcy group than those in STEMI group (μg/L:22.997 ± 5.880 vs. 12.881 ± 6.343;P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, family history, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) had no obvious influence on Hcy (P>0.05). The relative expression levels of Kv1.3 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in STEMI with Hhcy group (1.35±0.14, 0.85±0.12) than those in STEMI group (1.00 ± 0.07, 0.64 ± 0.05, P<0.05). Moreover, there was a positive relation between Hcy level and the mRNA and proteinexpression of Kv1.3 channel (r=0.299, r=0.542, P<0.05). There was a positive relation between protein expression levels of Kv1.3 channel and cTnI (r=0.644, P<0.05). Conclusion Our results support that Hcy could exacerbate the concentration of cTnI through playing an important role in the Kv1.3 mRNA and protein expression in lymphocytes.