Objective To investigate the risk factors related to mortality of children with deep fungal infection in pediatric intensive care unit(PICU).Methods A retrospective case-control study was applied.Ninty-six patients admitted to PICU with clinical or definite diagnosis of deep fungal infection from Nov 2005 to Mar 2009 were included.The risk factors related to mortality wereanalyzed with the logistic regression analysis.The research factors included:sex,age,primary diseases,complications,invasive operations and therapeutic measures etc.Results Of all 96 children,28 died (28.2％).According to the analytical results of multivariate logistic regression,the variables significantly associated with mortality were immunosuppressive (OR =185.770,95 ％ CI 11.467 ～ 3 009.507),mechanical ventilation (OR =11.555,95 ％ CI 2.780 ～ 48.039),hypoproteinemia (OR =1.246,95％ CI 1.133 ～ 1.369) and low pediatric critical illness score (OR =1.086,95 ％ CI 1.008 ～ 1.169).Conclusion The risk factors related to mortality of children with deep fungal infection in PICU were immunosuppressive,mechanical ventilation,hypoproteinemia and low pediatric critical illness score.