Aim: To explore the relationship between structure and immunological activity of marine polysaccha-ride YCP,the physicochemical property and immunological activity of the YCP-derived fragment were studied.Methods: YCP was hydrolyzed by α-amylase from human saliva.The hydrolysate was purified to obtain an polysaccharide fragment by gel filtration chromatography.The physicochemical properties of this YCP-derived fragment was characterized by HPLC,FT-IR and TLC.In addition,changes of phagocytic activity,production of reactive nitrogen and macrophage binding were investigated.Results: The relative molecular weight of YCP-de-rived fragment was approximately 6.6 × 10~3.The monosaccharide composition and FT-IR of the YCP-derived frag-ment were identical to YCP.No significant effect of the YCP-derived fragment on NO production and murine mac-rophage phagocyte were observed.And this fragment was not able to compete the binding between YCP and mac-rophages.Conclusion: The remarkable decrease of immunological activity of YCP-derived fragments degraded byα-amylase of human saliva suggests that the complete structure and high molecule weight of YCP are essential for its immuno-modulatory activity.

Acute Disease ; Hydroxylamine ; pharmacology ; toxicity ; Poisoning

A series of new pleuromutilins derivatives were designed and synthesized through coupling 2-aminothiazole ring of WL001 with different nitrogen-containing substituted heterocycles in the side chain. Their biological activities were evaluated against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative clinical bacteria in vitro Most new compounds displayed specificity to certain strain of bacteria. Particularly, compounds with saturated nitrogen-containing heterocycles exhibited significant antibacterial activities (0.062 5-8 µg · mL(-1)) superior or similar to those of amoxicillin, tiamulin and levofloxcin. Furthermore, treatment with 15a and 15b having piperidine or morpholine residues also could effectively inhibit Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, our novel findings may provide a new insight into the design of novel pleuromutilin derivatives and lay the basis for further studies on the treatment of drug-resistance of pathogenic bacteria.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of SerpinB2 and SerpinB4 genes in cells from the nasal brushings in allergic rhinitis(AR) patients, and their relationships with eosinophil numbers in nasal brushings, serum total IgE level and severity of AR. METHODS Twenty nine control subjects and 59 AR patients[29 specific IgE positive AR(sIgE-P-AR) patients, 30 specific IgE negative self reported AR(sIgE-N-SR-AR) patients] were recruited. The samples of nasal brushings and peripheral blood were collected to detect SerpinB2 and SerpinB4 gene expression and eosinophil numbers in nasal brushings, and total IgE and allergen-specific IgE level in peripheral blood. RESULTS Expression of SerpinB2 and SerpinB4 genes in cells from nasal brushings were significantly higher in sIgE-P-AR [5.17(2.33-18.96), 0.6(0.355-1.08), respectively] and sIgE-N-SR-AR [3.27(1.59-13.4), 0.75(0.42-1.64), respectively] than that in control subjects[1.21(0.1-3.285), 0.29(0.165-0.505)] (sIgE-P-AR:P=0.013; sIgE-N-SR-AR:P=0.002). Expression level of SerpinB2 and SerpinB4 had no relationships with eosinophil numbers in nasal brushings and serum total IgE level. Expression of SerpinB2 in moderate/severe AR[4.74(2.68-47.5)] was significantly higher than that in mild AR[(1.333-5.603)](P=0.025); while expression of SerpinB4 in mild AR[3.95(2.6-7.59)] was significantly higher than that in moderate/ severe AR[2.83(0.715-5)](P=0.042). CONCLUSION SerpinB2 and SerpinB4 genes might be involved in the pathogenesis of AR, and their diagnostic values in AR deserve to be evaluated with larger samples.

With the development of higher education in China, the higher medical education has achieved great improvement. The development history, achievements and future direction of China's private higher education was introduced in this paper. And it put forward suggestions on how to face the challenges and to enhance connotation development of the medical college after the publishment of "Privately-Run School of PR China". This study will contribute to the quick development of higher medical education.

Objective:To prepare and identify the mouse anti-human monoclonal antibodies ( mAbs) using leukocytes as im-munogens. Methods: The mice were immunized using human peripheral blood leukocytes. Then, use of B lymphocyte hybridoma technology preparation of mAbs,followed screening by immunocytochemistry and limited dilution. The secreted mAbs were identified by immunoprecipitation,mass spectrometry,Western blot,ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Results:The 35 positive polyclonal cells were obtained,of which 11 strains secreted mAbs against S100A9. And one strain was used to prepare monoclonal antibody. The purified mAb against S100A9 were purified and identified as IgG1 subtype,with the titer,purity and affinity constant was 1∶3. 18×105,95% and 3. 54×108 L/mol,respectively. This mAb generally had 0. 12% crossed reactivity to S100A8 ,and showed little or no cross reactivity to S100A12 and S100A13. The prepared monoclonal antibodies can specifically recognizes the S100A9 antigen in human breast cancer tissues. Conclusion:Successful preparation of mAb against S100A9,which can secrete specific mAb against S100A9 protein with high titers and specificity have been established successfully,which laid the foundation for the immunology application.

Emergency Medical Services ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Life Style ; Nurses ; psychology

OBJECTIVETo delineate the mutation spectrum of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene among patients affected with phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency (PAHD) in Henan Province of China, and to explore the correlation between the genotype and the phenotype.

METHODSA total of 155 affected children were recruited. Potential mutation of the PAH gene were analyzed by direct sequencing. The genotype-phenotype correlation was analyzed by matching the expected and observed phenotypes.

RESULTSOver 72 mutations and 108 genotypes have been identified. There were 7 homozygous mutations, including 1 case with EX6-96A>G/EX6-96A>G, 1 with R241C/R241C, 1 with R413P/R413P, and 4 with R243Q/R243Q. Among these, 6 patients have presented classic PKU phenotypes, except for a R241C/R241C genotype which has led to mild PKU. In 104 patients carrying compound PAH mutations, 52 were classic, 34 were mild and 39 had mild HPA. Patients who were heterozygous for EX6-96A>G/R241C, R243Q/A434D, EX6-96A>G/R413P and EX6-96A>G/ R241C were found with both the classic PKU and mild PKU phenotypes. Common mutations associated with mild HPA have included R53H, R243Q, V399V and H107R. The common mutations associated with mild PKU included R243Q, R241C, EX6-96A>G, and IVS4-1G>A. The prevalent mutations in classic PKU were R243Q, EX6-96A>G and V399V. The consistency between prediction of the biochemical genotype and observed phenotype was 77.78%, especially in classic PKU, the consistency was up to 82.14%. Significant correlations were disclosed between pretreatment levels of phenylalanine and AV sum (r=-0.6729, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe mutation spectrum of PAH gene in Henan seems to differ from that of other regions. Independent assortment of mutant alleles may result in a complex genotype-phenotype correlation, but the genotypes of PAHD patients have correlated with the phenotype.

Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Phenylalanine Hydroxylase ; genetics ; Phenylketonurias ; genetics

PURPOSE: Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a novel population of lineage-negative cells that induce innate type 2 responses by producing the critical Th2-type cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 in response to IL-25 and IL-33 stimulation. ILC2s accumulation in the peripheral blood of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) is controversial; the precise role of ILC2s in the immunopathogenesis of AR is still not clear. We investigated the role of ILC2s in phenotypic AR sensitized to distinct allergens. METHODS: Flow cytometric analysis of the peripheral blood of 7 healthy controls (HCs), 9 patients monosensitized to house dust mite (HDM), and 8 patients monosensitized to mugwort was performed to quantify ILC2s frequency. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from HDM-AR and mugwort-AR patients, and Lineage- and Lineage+ cells were separated using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). IL-5 and IL-13 levels in the supernatants of PBMCs, and Lineage- and Lineage+ cells stimulated with IL-25 and/or IL-33 combined with IL-2 in vitro were assessed using the Milliplex magnetic bead kit. RESULTS: The percentage of ILC2s was significantly elevated in HDM-AR patients compared to mugwort-AR patients and HCs, while no significant difference was found between mugwort-AR patients and HCs. IL-33+/-IL-25 plus IL-2 induced a significantly greater release of IL-5 and IL-13 in the PBMCs of HDM-AR patients compared to PBMCs of mugwort-AR patients. IL-25 plus IL-2 also induced a significantly greater release of IL-13 in the PBMCs of HDM-AR patients compared to PBMCs of mugwort-AR patients. Stimulation with IL-33 and/or IL-25 combined with IL-2 also induced a significantly greater IL-5 and IL-13 release from Lineage- cells compared to Lineage+ cells. CONCLUSIONS: AR patients sensitized to HDM or mugwort allergen have distinct phenotypic and functional profiles in ILC2s frequencies. ILC2s mediate major type 2 immunity in the development of HDM-AR and may be a potential therapeutic target.
Allergens ; Artemisia ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Interleukin-13 ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-5 ; Lymphocytes ; Pyroglyphidae ; Rhinitis*

OBJECTIVETo explore the impacts of antiretroviral treatment on drug use and high risk sexual behaviors among HIV-positive MMT clients.

METHODSA cross-sectional study was conducted in patients undergoing ART (ART-experienced) and patients not undergoing ART (ART-naive) attending MMT in 5 clinics in Yunnan Honghe and Dehong prefectures in 2014. A questionnaire was designed to collect socio-demographic characteristics, ART and MMT information and sexual and drug use behaviors within 3 months before the investigation was conducted. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the predictors for drug use and risky sexual behaviors.

RESULTSA total of 328 cases were included in the analysis, among which 202 were ART-experienced and 126 were ART-naÏve. Among 152 respondents who were sexually active, 61 (40.1%) reported having unprotected sex (UPS) with their regular partners in the prior 3 months. A total of 57.6% (189/328) of the respondents used drugs in the prior 3 months. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that younger than 35 years old (OR = 3.57, 95% CI: 1.23-10.37), fertility desire (OR = 4.47, 95% CI: 1.49-13.41), partner being HIV-positive (OR = 4.62, 95% CI: 1.80-11.86), length of MMT attendance less than 5 years (OR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.14-7.53), agreed that it was necessary to use condom no matter the viral load is high or low (OR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.04-0.51) were protective factors of UPS in the prior 3 months. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that being Han (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.24-0.89), feeling having good health status (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.18-0.85), being enrolled in ART (OR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.17-0.60) were protective factors for drug use in the prior three months, having contact with drug using friends (OR = 4.41, 95% CI: 2.31-8.29), having experience of missing an MMT dose (OR = 3.47, 95% CI: 1.92-6.29), and not satisfied with current MMT dose (OR = 13.92, 95% CI: 3.24-59.93) were risk factors for drug use during the prior three months.

CONCLUSIONART was not associated with risky sexual behavior and drug use in the prior 3 months in this population. Future interventions should promote ART among this population, and provide education at the same time to prevent the emergence of cross infections and drug-resistant strains.

Anti-HIV Agents ; China ; Condoms ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; HIV Infections ; HIV Seropositivity ; Humans ; Organometallic Compounds ; Protective Factors ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Partners ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Unsafe Sex