Objective To aim at the problem of bedsore which is always occurred on the crowd of the aging population,empty-nest family and the disabled patients etc,a two-way side turn over mechanism for intelligent sanitation nursing instrument is designed.Methods The turn over angle of the mechanism was analyzed and calculated after establishing the mechanism's three-dimensional model.The forces situation of the state of lying,side lean against and left/right side turn over were carried out through finite element analysis by using of Pro/Mechanica.Results The results showed that the sum of two-way side turn over mechanism's two-way side turn over angle was 30 degrees.The materials met the mechanism's force requirement.Conclusions The results can provide a theoretical basis for the designer to determine the structure parameters and sizes of mechanism.

Aim:To characterize the immune response to YCP, a polysaccharide (PS) isolated from marine filamentous fungus Phoma herbarum YS4108. Methods:YCP was coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) to construct three neoglycoproteins which are different in their degrees of substitution (DSs; ≈ 3, ≈ 6, or ≈ 10 mol of BSA carrier/mol of YCP hapten, respectively), and their immunogenicities were evaluated in mice following subcutaneous immunization,respectively. IgG subclasses against the PS and the carrier protein were measured in addition to the total IgG and IgM antibodies for YCP induced by the neoglycoproteins. Results: While unconjugated PS was weakly immunogenic, theneoglycoprotein induced vigorous primary IgM and booster IgG responses to PS and the carrier protein. Interestingly,the IgG subclass distribution was different between PS and the carrier protein; for PS, the IgG response was predominant of IgG2a subclass with approximately low levels of IgG2b and IgG1, while the response to the carrier protein was mainly of the IgG1 subclass with relatively low levels of IgG2a and IgG2b, and the lowest of IgG3. Conclusion:YCP has the potential to elicit preferentially IgG2a as the dominant isotype antibody in mice.

To modify uricase with PEG reagent in order to decrease uricase immunogenieity and increase its stability.Methods:The branched PEG of 40 kD was chosen to modify native uricase.The properties of the mod-ified uricase including the stabilities to protease,pH and temperature,in vivo half-life time,as well as the immu-nogenicity were evaluated.The pharmacokinetic profiles of the midofied uricase were studied in mice.Results:It is demonstrated that the conjugation of PEG to lysine residues of Candida utilis uricase resulted in higher tryp-sin resistance.reduced immune response.and prolonged in vivo half-life.PEG modified uricase retained 80% of the enzymatic activity of native uricase.In addition,it was found that half-life in serum of the intravenously injec-ted PEGylated uriease of up to 696 min was longer that that of native uficase of 45 min.Higher plasma drug con-centrations were also reached with dosing of the PEGylated uricase to mice.Furthermore,the binding affinity Was shown to be reduced for the PEG-uricase using ELISA assay.and it was one-eishth that of native uricase.Final-ly,it Was indicated that the PEG uficase induced a delayed immunoresponse in mice following repeated adminis-trations.Conclusion:These findings demonstrate that this chemically modified form of uricase may serve as a potentially effective drug to treat gout patients.

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the results and mid-term outcomes of 107 patients with corrected congenital transposition of great arteries(CCTGA)who underwent surgical treatment.Methods:A total of 107 CCTGA patients with surgical treatment from January 1996 to October 2005 in our hospital were studied.There were 72 male and 35 female,with the mean age of 11.5±8.4years and mean body weight of 31.6±4.7kg. Among the cohort,81 were levocardia,23 dextrocardia,and 3 medocardia.Initial surgical procedure included single ventricle repair in 14 cases,conventional biventricular repair in 75 and biventricular anatomical repair in 18 cases. 99(93%)patients were followed up with the mean time of 47.8 months.Results:The early operative mortality rate was 4.76% in different procedures.The death rate with single ventricle repair was 0%,conventional biventricular repair 4%,atrial-arterial double switch 0%,atrial-ventricular double switch 40%. The risk factors for operative mortality were lesions with double outlet left ventricle combined with pulmonary stenosis(P<0.01)and Rastelli procedure(P<0.05). 12 patients(12.6%)died during the follow up period,among them,10(83.3%)were in conventional repair group,2(16.7%)in single ventricle repair group,and no death in double switch group. The risk of death during the follow up period of time were conventional biventricular repair,Rastelli procedure and tricuspid regurgitation.Conclusion:Conventional biventricular repair had a disappointing outcome in both operation and in long-term of follow up time. Patients suitable for single ventricular repair had fair short-and mid-term outcomes. Atrial-arterial double switch procedure had good operation and long-term results.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of Jiuwei-Zhenxin granules and buspirone hydrochloride tablets for geriatric anxiety patients. Methods: A total of 136 elderly anxiety patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups with 68 patients in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with butyrocyclone hydrochloride tablets, while the patients in the treatment group were treated with Jiuwei-Zhenxin granules on the basis of control group. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. The average R-R interval standard deviation at 24 h (SDNN), the standard deviation of the mean normal R-R interval value for every 5 minutes in 24 h (SDANN) and mean square root of inter-period difference between adjacent R-R at 24h (RMSSD) were measured by heart rate variation analyzer. The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) were detected using ELISA. The HAMA scale was used to evaluate anxiety and adverse reactions. Results: After treatment, the SDNN (132.04 ± 30.17 ms vs. 107.23 ± 23.44 ms, t=16.901), RMSSD (70.12 ± 21.85 ms vs. 46.43 ± 20.09 ms, t=20.367) and SDANN (136.45 ± 27.18 ms vs. 125.62 ± 20.92 ms, t=6.945) of the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.01). The serum 5-HT (119.69 ± 10.24 ng/L vs. 142.26 ± 13.71 ng/L, t=21.523), NE (126.47 ± 20.15 ng/L vs. 205.84 ± 23.12 ng/L, t=35.776), DA (130.12 ± 15.95 ng/ml vs. 156.47 ± 15.09 ng/ml, t=14.198) were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.01). The HAMA scores of the treatment group at week 1, 2, 3 and 4 after treatment were significantly lower than those of the control group (t=2.105, 4.116, 4.270, 3.369, P<0.05). Conclusions The Jiuwei-Zhenxin granules combined with buspironone hydrochloride tablets can reduce the anxiety of elderly anxiety patients, and its mechanism may be related to regulating the body's neurotransmitter to inhibit autonomic nervous dysfunction and reduce anxiety.

Objective To compare the therapeutic efficacy between emergency and non-emergency operation for ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Method A retrospective analysis of 184 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University College of Medicine, admitted from Dec 2008 to Sep 2009, was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of operation to be done earlier. The patients were divided into 2groups according to the time of surgery. In the early operation group ( n = 102), the patients were operated on within 3 days of rupture of aneurysms, and in the delayed operation group ( n = 82), the patients were operated on after 3 days. The comparison in the rate of rebleeding before surgery, rate of complete occlusion of the ruptured aneurysm and rate of major complications such as cerebral infarction and hydrocephalus between two groups was made. The Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) scores of these patients were also evaluated by 6- 12 months follow-up after operation. Results Preoperative re-bleeding happened in 2 patients of the early operation group and in 7 patients of the delayed operation group. The rates were significantly different ( P ＜ 0.05). The complete occlusion rate in the early operation group was 91.2 % ( 93/102 ), while was 80.5 % ( 66/82 ) in the delayed operation group (P＜0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in post-operative cerebral infarction rate, post-operative hydrocephalus rate or GOS scores on follow-up between two groups. Conchusions Early operation can significantly reduce the re-bleeding before surgery, reducing the risk of death and disability. In early operation, the continuous lumbar drainage by cannulation and other methods can be used to reduce intracranial pressure, significantly increasing the rate of complete occlusion, and promoting rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVETo assess the feasibility and safety of thoracoscopic bulla resection under laryngeal mask anesthesia with low tidal volume high-frequency lung ventilation.

METHODSSixty patients with pulmonary bulla were randomized into two groups (n=30) to undergo video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for bulla resection with laryngeal mask anesthesia and high-frequency low tidal volume lung ventilation general anesthesia and or with intubation anesthesia and one-lung ventilation through double-lumen endotracheal intubation.

RESULTSNo significant differences were found in anesthesia time, surgery time, intraoperative lowest SpO2, intraoperative highest PetCO2, operative field, anesthetic effects, or blood loss between the two groups. The post-operative WBC and NEU% showed significantly smaller increments in the mask anesthesia group than in the intubation group, and the postoperative awake time, initial eating time, ambulation time, in-hospital stay, and drainage time were significantly shortened in the former group with also lower incidences of gastrointestinal reactions, throat discomfort and hoarseness.

CONCLUSIONThoracoscopic bulla resection under laryngeal mask anesthesia with low tidal volume high-frequency lung ventilation is safe and feasible and results in better patient satisfaction and shorter in-hospital stay than procedures performed under intubation anesthesia with one-lung ventilation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anesthesia, General ; methods ; Blister ; Child ; Female ; High-Frequency Ventilation ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngeal Masks ; Lung Diseases ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; One-Lung Ventilation ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted ; Young Adult

Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death worldwide, and its mechanisms are still unclear. However, various animal models have significantly advanced our understanding of the mechanisms involved in atherosclerosis and have allowed the evaluation of therapeutic options. The aim of this paper is to review those animal models (i.e., rabbits, mice, rats, guinea pigs, hamsters, avian, carnivores, swine, and, non-human primates) that have been used to study atherosclerosis. Though there is no single perfect animal model that completely replicates the stages of human atherosclerosis, cholesterol feeding and mechanical endothelial injury are two common features shared by most models of atherosclerosis. Further, with the development of genetically modified animals, these models are significantly broadening our understanding of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Animals ; Atherosclerosis ; epidemiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans

Background and Objectives: Galectin-3 promotes fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation and facilitates injury repair. Previous studies have shown that exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSC-ex) promote the differentiation of myocardial fibroblasts into myofibroblasts under inflammatory environment. Whether hucMSC-ex derived Galectin-3 (hucMSC-ex-Galectin-3) plays an important role in fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation is the focus of this study. Methods: and Results: Galectin-3 was knocked-down by siRNA in hucMSCs, and then exosomes were extracted. Fibroblasts were treated with LPS, LPS＋hucMSC-ex, LPS＋negative control-siRNA-ex (NC-ex), or LPS＋ Galectin-3-siRNA-ex (si-ex) in vitro. The coronary artery of the left anterior descending (LAD) branch was permanently ligated, followed by intramyocardial injection with phosphate buffered saline(PBS), hucMSC-ex, hucMSC-NC-ex, or hucMSC-si-ex in vivo. Western blot, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of markers related to fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation and inflammatory factors. Migration and contraction functions of fibroblasts were evaluated using Transwell migration and collagen contraction assays, respectively. β-catenin expression was detected by western blot and immunofluorescence. The results showed that hucMSC-ex increased the protein expression of myofibroblast markers, anti-inflammatory factors, and β-catenin. HucMSC-ex also reduced the migration and promoted the contractility of fibroblasts. However, hucMSC-si-ex did not show these activities. Conclusions HucMSC-ex-Galectin-3 promoted the differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in an inflammatory environment, which was associated with increased β-catenin levels.

Background and Objectives: Galectin-3 promotes fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation and facilitates injury repair. Previous studies have shown that exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSC-ex) promote the differentiation of myocardial fibroblasts into myofibroblasts under inflammatory environment. Whether hucMSC-ex derived Galectin-3 (hucMSC-ex-Galectin-3) plays an important role in fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation is the focus of this study. Methods: and Results: Galectin-3 was knocked-down by siRNA in hucMSCs, and then exosomes were extracted. Fibroblasts were treated with LPS, LPS＋hucMSC-ex, LPS＋negative control-siRNA-ex (NC-ex), or LPS＋ Galectin-3-siRNA-ex (si-ex) in vitro. The coronary artery of the left anterior descending (LAD) branch was permanently ligated, followed by intramyocardial injection with phosphate buffered saline(PBS), hucMSC-ex, hucMSC-NC-ex, or hucMSC-si-ex in vivo. Western blot, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of markers related to fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation and inflammatory factors. Migration and contraction functions of fibroblasts were evaluated using Transwell migration and collagen contraction assays, respectively. β-catenin expression was detected by western blot and immunofluorescence. The results showed that hucMSC-ex increased the protein expression of myofibroblast markers, anti-inflammatory factors, and β-catenin. HucMSC-ex also reduced the migration and promoted the contractility of fibroblasts. However, hucMSC-si-ex did not show these activities. Conclusions HucMSC-ex-Galectin-3 promoted the differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in an inflammatory environment, which was associated with increased β-catenin levels.