[Objective]To explore the anatomical structures,depth and direction of needling at Chengqi (ST1).[Methods] Forty-eight adult orbital specimens were observed by dissection.[Results] When a needle was vertically inserted into Chengqi (ST1),the needle tip would pass through the skin,subcutaneous tissue,orbicularis muscle,orbital adipose body,inferior obliges and inferior rectus.[Conclusion] The acupuncture of the Chengqi (ST1) should select straight sting needling back-upwards.The depth should not exceed 25.0mm.

Objective To study the anastomotic relationships of perforators in each zone of the poste-rior leg and design perforating flaps for clinic. Methods Six fresh cadavers underwent a whole body, intra-arterial injection of a lead oxide and gelatine preparation. The posterior part of leg is divided into upper, mid-die and below equal parts, Observe topography of the perforating branches in every district by layer, and mea-sured their location, diameter, course, branches and anastomosis pattern. Radiographs of tissue specimens were digitally analyzed. Results There were 13 perforators that diameter≥ 0.5 mm, the average external diameter was 0.8 mm. The areas of each perforator supplied was average 38 cm2. Perforators from popliteal artery was identified an area 4 cm wide, around the intersection of two lines, a line drawn between the medial and lateral epicondyles of the femurs, and the midline of posterior leg. The areas of the every perforator sup-plied was 55 cm2. These vessels were large in diameter and create multiple true anastomoses with the perfora-tors from the posterior tibial artery or fibular artery. Perforating branches were small in the below part, a long perforator chain comprised of two to three perforators accompanies the Achilles tendon. Conclusion The perforator flaps deviced by perforators from the posterior leg may be transplanted to the lower limbs and the other part of the body. The perforators located in the middle zone of the leg are larger. Free posterior tibial or peroneal perforator-based flaps are reliable, relatively large, and have thin flaps. The upper and lower zones were the larger donor site for the proximal or distally pedicled perforator flap harvest.

Objective To observe of the effects of tacrolimus on blood glucose,insulin secretion and the expression of phosphorylated AKT in rats in order to study the mechanism of diabetogenic effects of tacrolimus.Methods 40 male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups.The rats in tacrolimus group were delivered tacrolimus at a dose of 4mg/kg· d.The rats in the control group were given the same amount of saline solution in the same way.The body weights,fasting blood glucose levels and blood concentrations of tacrolimus were measured monthly.After 5 months,all rats were killed.Pancreas and liver tissue were stored in 4％ paraformaldehyde solution.Serum insulin levels were detected by radioimmunoassay method.The expression of phosphorylated AKT in liver were measured by immunohisto-chemical method.Results ①The body weights in tacrolimus group in the 3rd,4th,and 5th month were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.01).②The blood glucose levels in tacrolimus group in the 3rd,4th,and 5th month were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05).③The insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity index in tacrolimus group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.01).④The rats in tacrolimus group showed varying degrees of damage in pancreatic duct and pancreatic islet cells.⑤The expression of phosphorylated AKT in liver cells in tacrolimus group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusions Tacrolimus can induce pancreatic islet cells necrosis,decrease the number of islet cells,reduce insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity,which lead to blood hyperglycemia in rats.In addition,we also find that tacrolimus can reduce expression of phosphorylated AKT in hepatic tissue,which indicates that tacrolimus results insulin resistance through interfering PI3K/ AKT signal transduction pathways.