Objective To comprehand and grasp epidemical distribution characteristics of colorectal cancer cases. WT5”HZMethods Between 1975 and 1999, 1 145 cases of colorectal carcinoma who had undergone a surgery in Nanfang Hospital were retrospectively studied and a survey of clinical epidemical distribution characteristics was made. ResultsWT5”BZ ①Though more elder cases were found in recent years, young patients still made up a high proportion(19%) of the cases.②The occurrence of mucoid and signet-ring cell carcinoma in young cases was higher than that in the elders( P 0 05). KG2Conclusion The study of clinical epidemiology provided dependabal bases for prevention and therapy of colorectal carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations, histopathological patterns, and methods of diagnosis and treatment of primary malignant duodenal tumors. Methods The data of 82 patients with primary malignant duodenal tumors confirmed by pathology and admitted to our hospital over a 10-year period were analyzed retrospectively. Results Tumor location:Tumors were located in the peripapilla region in 64 cases, at the descending portion of the duodenum in 11 cases, at other regions of the duodenum in 7 cases. The common presenting symptoms and signs were abdominal pain in 57 cases, jaundice 53 cases, and gastrointestinal bleeding in 41 cases. In these patients, radical resection of tumor was performed in 36 cases, palliative resection of tumor in 31cases,and operative intervention was not done in 15 cases.The 5-year survival rate of followed-up patients in this group was 2.4%. Conclusions The common presenting symptoms and signs of patients with primary malignant duodenal tumors were abdominal pain, jaundice and GI bleeding, but these patients usually lack specific symptoms and signs. The chief pathologic type is adenocarcinoma and the predisposed site of occurrence is the duodenal papillary region and the descending duodenum . CT, B ultrasonography and gastroduodenoscopy are the chief measures for the diagnosis of primary duodenal malignant tumors, and surgical resection is the main modality of treatment of this disease. The prognosis of primary duodenal malignant tumors is very poor.

Objective To detect the spreading scope of rectal cancer to mesorectum by RT PCR using carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA as a marker and to investigate the excision scope of mesorectum in resection of rectal cancer. Methods Forty specimens from 40 rectal cancer patients who underwent curative operation was employed to detect the metastatic deposits scattered in the mesorectum by RT PCR using CEA as a marker. Results Nine of 40 (22.5%) specimens contained metastatic deposits scattered in the mesorectum. The metastasis was just within the range of 4cm mesorectum under the verge of tumor. The tumor spreading to mesorectum is correlated with Dukes stages,the infiltrated depth of bowel wall, tumor differentiation and tumor type( P 0.05). Conclusion The excision of mesorectum should be within the range of 5cm under the verge of tumor in surgical management of rectal cancer.

Objective To summarize the experience in diagnosis and treatment of rectal injury. Methods The diagnosis and treatment of 40 cases of rectal injury in the recent 6 years were retrospectively analysed. The diagnosis of rectal injury relied on injury history, clinical presentation,anorectal examination , sigmoid coloscopy ,and explorare laparotomy.38 cases treated by surgery ,including rectal repear ,sigmoid colostomy plus drainge ,and resection of injuried segment of rectum.1case treated by non-operation. 1 case died 2h after admittion. Results 39 cases recovered and 1 case died.Conclusions The condition of rectal injury is very complicate.Due attention should be paid to the diagnosis and treatment.

ObjectiveTo analyze a case of death after inoculation of a freeze-dried rabies vaccine for human use so as to provide reference for the vaccination of the rabies vaccine and the process of investigation and diagnosis involving adverse events following immunization （AEFI） in the future. MethodsData on vaccination， clinical symptoms， treatments， investigation and diagnosis were collected and analyzed. ResultsRabies post-exposure prophylaxis and vaccination were in line with the protocols. On the 3rd day after the inoculation of the rabies vaccine， the patient developed fever， weakness， headache， dizziness， diarrhea and other symptoms. The white blood cell count and neutrophil count increased progressively. At about 17：00 on the same day， the patient suffered a sudden cardiac arrest and died clinically. Autopsy was not carried out. ConclusionThe cause of sepsis /septic shock of the patient is unknown. It is necessary to formulate detailed rabies immunization procedures as well as norms and expert consensus in the field of investigation and diagnosis of AEFI.

OBJECTIVETo study the regulatory effect of Bushenfang on the serum testosterone (T) level of naturally aging rats and its mechanism, in order to provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical treatment of late onset hypogonadism (LOH) in males.

METHODSThirty-two 18-month-old male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups of equal number, naturally aging model and low-, medium- and high-dose Bushenfang groups, and another eight 4-month-old rats were taken as normal controls. The rats of the aging model and normal control groups were treated with normal saline, while those of the low-, medium- and high-dose Bushenfang groups received intragastrically Bushenfang at 3.25, 7.50 and 15.00 g/kg, respectively, all for 3 weeks. Then the rats were sacrificed, the histomorphologic changes of the testis observed by HE staining, the serum T level measured by radioimmunoassay, and the expressions of the StAR protein, P450scc and 3beta-HSD I determined by RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe number of Leydig cells was obviously increased after Bushenfang treatment. The levels of serum T were significantly higher in the low-, medium- and high-dose Bushenfang groups ([6.74 +/- 1.56] nmol/L, [8.50 +/- 1.99] nmol/L and [12.41 +/- 2.91] nmol/L) than in the model group ([3.48 +/- 0.75] nmol/L) (P < 0.05). The three Bushenfang groups also showed a remarkable elevation in the mRNA expressions of StAR (0.74 +/- 0.29, 0.83 +/- 0.32 and 1.35 +/- 0.50), P450scc (0.72 +/- 0.36, 1.023 +/- 0.30 and 1.41 +/- 0.37) and 3beta-HSD I (0.58 +/- 0.14, 0.72 +/- 0.07 and 0.85 +/- 0.18), as compared with the models (StAR: 0.44 +/- 0.09; P450scc: 0.33 +/- 0.05; 3beta-HSD I: 0.34 +/- 0.02), with significant differences in the StAR expression between the high-dose Bushenfang and the model groups, as well as in P450scc and 3beta-HSD I expressions between the medium- and high-dose Bushenfang and the model groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBushenfang could improve the pathological status of testicular injury and increase the expression of testosterone synthetase, which might be the mechanism behind its regulatory effect on the serum T level of aging rats.

Aging ; drug effects ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Hypogonadism ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testis ; drug effects ; Testosterone ; metabolism

Objective:To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of sensory neuron-derived exosomes (nExo) in mediating intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD).Methods:A rat IDD model was constructed, with nExo injected into the intervertebral disc. After 4 weeks, the degenerative grades of operated discs were evaluated using histological staining, while the senescent phenotype of nucleus pulposus stem cells (NPSC) in the tissue was evaluated using immunofluorescence staining. For in vitro experiments, 24 hours after the treatment of nExo to NPSC, immunoblotting, flow cytometry, or senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining was applied to evaluate the senescent phenotype of NPSC. Transcriptomics analysis was applied to identify the key molecules that mediate nExo-induced cells senescence. After 4 weeks of injecting nExo and TXN into the rat tail disc degeneration model.Results:nExo increased the degenerative grades of IDD and increased the proportion of TEK +p16 + and TEK +p21 + cells (from 36.32% ±4.04%, 33.69% ±4.56% in IDD group to 56.41% ±5.26%, 50.14% ±8.49% in IDD+nExo group, respectively; t=7.420, P<0.001; t=4.184, P<0.0019, respectively) in the disc tissue. Besides, nExo promoted the expression of p16 and p21 in NPSC and increased the percentage of cells with positive senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining (from 7.32%±1.73% to 58.22%±11.38%, t=7.658, P=0.002), while the percentage of G2/M cells was downregulated (from 18.10%±1.32% to 1.60%±0.67%, t=19.290, P<0.001). Transcriptomic analysis showed that the differential genes of CTRL vs. nExo were closely related to cell senescence, and TXN was screened by intersecting the differential gene set with the cellular senescence gene sets from the published database. Furthermore, we verified that nExo decreased the content of TXN in NPSC, while exogenous TXN downregulated the expression of p16 and p21 in NPSC, reduced the positive cell rate of senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining (from 58.84%±3.99% to 21.68%±8.16%, t=7.048, P=0.021), increased the percentage of G2/M cells (from 1.21%±0.34% to 15.26%±2.60%, t=9.259, P=0.001). TXN significantly reduced the grade of disc tissue degeneration (histological score: 14.33±0.82 in the nExo group; 8.17±1.17 in the nExo+TXN group, t=10.590, P<0.001), significantly increased the content of extracellular matrix (from 10.94±4.35 μg/mg to 50.55±12.16 μg/mg, t=7.512, P<0.001), and reduced the proportion of TEK +p16 + and TEK +p21 + double-positive cells (from 54.92%±4.21% and 60.31%±9.02% to 27.93%±3.26% and 33.75%±8.07%, respectively; t=12.430, P<0.001; t=5.375, P<0.001, respectively). Conclusion:nExo promotes cell senescence and IDD by downregulating TXN in NPSC.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of timosaponin BⅡ （TBⅡ） combined with icariin （ICA） on osteoclast （OC）-osteoblast （OB） coupling and decipher the mechanism from the cellular level. MethodsThe cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） was used to assess the effects of different concentrations of TBⅡ and different concentrations of TBⅡ+ICA on the growth of RAW264.7 cells. Soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand （sRANKL） was used to induce the differentiation of RAW264.7 pre-osteoclasts into osteoclasts. The cells were allocated into sRANKL， TBⅡ （1， 5， 10 μmol·L^-1）， and TBⅡ+ICA groups. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining was performed to assess the effects of TBⅡ and TBⅡ+ICA on osteoclast differentiation. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was conducted to examine the effects of TBⅡ+ICA on the expression of key genes involved in osteoclast differentiation and osteoclast-derived coupling factors. The osteogenic differentiation conditioned medium mixed with osteoclast supernatant was used to induce osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red S staining were employed to determine the effect of TBⅡ+ICA on osteogenic differentiation. Real-time PCR was employed to evaluate the effects of conditioned medium on key genes involved in osteogenic differentiation. ResultsTBⅡ at 1， 5， 10 μmol·L^-1 had no significant effect on the cell survival rate. Compared with the sRANKL group， TBⅡ inhibited osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner and achieved the best effect at 10 μmol·L^-1 （P<0.01）. Compared with the sRANKL group， different concentrations of TBⅡ down-regulated the mRNA levels of osteoclast differentiation-related genes c-Fos， RANK， and RANKL （P<0.05）. None of 10 μmol·L^-1 TBⅡ， 10 μmol·L^-1 TBⅡ+10^-4 μmol·L^-1 ICA， or 10 μmol·L^-1 TBⅡ+10^-3 μmol·L^-1 ICA affected the viability of RAW264.7 cells. TBⅡ and/or ICA inhibited osteoclast differentiation （P<0.01）， and TBⅡ + ICA had the best effect （P<0.01）. Compared with the sRANKL group， TBⅡ and/or ICA down-regulated the mRNA levels of c-Fos， RANK， and RANKL （P<0.05）. The single application of TBⅡ and ICA had no significant effect on the mRNA levels of Wnt10b， Cthrc1， and C3a， while TBⅡ+ICA exerted up-regulating effects （P<0.05）. Compared with those in the blank group， the bone differentiation and mineralization abilities of the normal osteogenic induction group and each osteogenic induction + osteoclast supernatant group were improved （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the normal osteogenic induction group and the osteogenic induction + osteoclast supernatant group showed up-regulated mRNA levels of Runx2 and OCN （P<0.01）. ConclusionTBⅡ+ICA can inhibit osteoclast differentiation， maintain the normal osteoclast-osteoblast coupling， and promote osteogenic differentiation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possible association between radon exposure and kidney cancer. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis based on random effect models to provide a pooled association measure. RESULTS: We subjected 8 studies (overall relative risks and 95% confidence intervals: 1.01, 0.72 to 1.43, I2 = 64.4%) to meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis revealed a marginally significant association between radon exposure and kidney cancer in studies conducted in Europe. Two population-based studies provided no evidence for the increased risk of kidney cancer in the general population. CONCLUSION The association between radon and kidney cancer remains unclear but cannot be excluded because of its biological plausibility and the limited number and quality of existing studies. Additional data from the general population and well-designed miner cohort studies are needed to reveal the real relationship between radon exposure and kidney cancer.
Cohort Studies ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; etiology ; Radon ; toxicity