Objective:To observe the effect and the underlying mechanism of wild chrysanthemum eye drops in the treatment of rabbit evaporative dry eye. Methods:The dry eye model was established by cauterizing the meibomian gland orifices in sixteen New Zealand white rabbits. In the sixth week after the operation, they were divided into four groups treated by wild chrysanthemum eye drops, dextran and hypromellose eye drops, solvent control solution and physiological saline, respectively. Corneal fluorescence stai-ning, rose bengal staining and conjunctival goblet cell density were performed and detected before and after the operation. Results:Be-fore the treatment, no significant difference was found in the tested indices among the four groups (P>0. 05). After the treatment, the fluorescence staining and rose bengal staining in wild chrysanthemum eye drops group were lighter than those in the untreated groups, and the conjunctival goblet cell density was higher than that in the untreated groups(P<0. 05). The difference was not statistically sig-nificant among dextran and hypromellose eye drops, solvent control group and blank control group (P>0.05). Conclusion: Wild chrysanthemum eye drops can alleviate ocular surface inflammation of dry eye in rabbits, which suggests good application prospect in the treatment of dry eye.