Objective:To explore the application value of whole-process ultrasound-guided percutaneous portal vein puncture islet transplantation.Methods:From October 2018 to May 2021, 16 diabetics underwent whole-process ultrasound-guided percutaneous portal vein puncture islet transplantation at First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.The whole process was guided by ultrasound for completing percutaneous portal vein puncture catheterization, islet infusion monitoring, bleeding prevention and ablation hemostasis after bleeding.Results:Ten patients [8 males and 2 females with a mean age of(45.9±21.1)years]underwent 16 islet transplants, including one islet(5 cases), two islets(4 cases)and three islets(1 case). A single puncture was successfully performed without damage to other extrahepatic organs, persistent portal hypertension, portal vein embolism or infection.Bleeding at liver puncture site occurred in 3 cases and ultrasound radiofrequency ablation was performed for immediate hemostasis.Among them, postoperative blood glucose stabilized at 4~12 mmol/l post-operation.And 5 cases(31.3%)achieved insulin independence for>2 months and 10 cases(62.5%)lowered insulin dosage by>50% as compared with preoperative level.The level of fasting C-peptide recovered or was higher than normal in 10 cases(62.5%)and became obviously elevated in the remainders.In 11 cases(68.8%)of them, liver transaminase was briefly and mildly elevated post-operation, and no other complications were observed.Conclusions:The whole-process ultrasound-guided percutaneous portal vein islet transplantation is both safe and feseasible.It avoids the injury of transplanted kidney caused by contrast agent and radiological radiation to operator and patient.It is a method of islet transplantation worth a wider popularization.