Objective To evaluate the long-term clinical efficacy and security of levetiracetam (Lev) as add-on therapy in patients with different types of epilepsies from an observational study.Methods Fifty-one patients were evaluated (14 female,37male,age range from 7months to 16 years,mean age 8.7 years) with different types of epilepsies ( 20 complex partial seizure,10 tonic-clonic seizure,1 tonic seizure,6 myoclonic epilepsy,2 Lennox-Gastaut syndrome,4 infantile spasms and 2 unspecified epileptic syndromes).The basis for comparison was defined as the seizure frequency in the 3 months prior to the commencement of treatment.Patients received Lev as add-on therapy.The initial dosage was 20 mg/(kg?d),and it was increased 10 mg/(kg?d) every 2 weeks.The maintenance dosage was 30-40 mg/(kg?d).Seizure frequency changes and adverse events were observed.Follow-up was conducted for a period of 6.8 months after treatment.SPSS 14.0 software was used to compare the difference between the seizure frequency before the Lev treatment and that after the Lev treatment.Results Thirteen (25.5%) out of the 51 patients reduced seizure frequency,16 (31.4%) patients had no reoccurrence;While another 9 (17.6%) patients seizure frequencied were reduced,8 patients' remained the same,and 5 patients' condition was got wor-sened.Six cases ceased treatment because of the worsening of the disease and the intolerance of Lev.The difference and after seizure frequency before in Lev treatment is statistically significant(P

0.05).The period when epileptiform abnormalities appear was obviously different(P

0.05).Of essay group 19 children whose PET were normal or slight abnormal,8 children's VEEG had epileptifrom abnormalities only appear in lucid interval,8 children's VEEG had epileptifrom abnormalities appear in nocturnal sleep period,3 children's VEEG had epileptifrom abnormalities appear in lucid interval and nocturnal sleep period.Of essay group,7 children whose PET were serious abnormal,6 children's VEEG had epileptifrom abnormalities appear in lucid interval and nocturnal sleep period.The PET outcome was relate with the time of VEEG epileptic discharge(r=0.461 P

Objective To assess the long efficacy and safety of Lamotrigine(LTG) monotherapy and add-on therapy different types of epileptic seizures in children.Methods According to the classification of the 1981 and 1989 International Union of Antiepileptic for epileptic seizure,a total of 124 cases with epilepsy were included in the study and divided into non-refractory group with 93 cases and refractory group with 31 cases.LTG treatment only or add-on were used.Original drug dosage was not changed and LTG was added slowly and carefully untill the terrible side effect appeared.The average monthly seizure frequency with baseline in the last 3 months was compared and the side effect was observed.Results Total efficiency was 72.6%,control rate was 51.6%.Total efficiency and control rate of the non-refractory group was 81.0% and 61.3%,which was significantly higher than those of refractory group(48.4%,22.6%).Total efficiency and control rate of the combination group with LTG and valproate sodium(VPA) was 78.4% and 54.5%,which was significantly higher than those of the group of LTG only(61.0%,44.0%).Clinical results was different significantly between the course of the observation period within and over 5 years(P

Objective To study Caveolin-1,EGFR expression in bladder transitional call carcinoma and their prognostic value. Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect Caveolin-1,EGFR in 89 cases.of bladder transitional call carcinoma.Results In 89 cases,the percentage of abnormal Caveolin-1 and EGFR expression were 37.1% and 50.6 % respectively.Significant change was observed in different grade case,P

Oroxylum indicum was a traditional Chinese medicine. In order to study the chemical constituents from the seed of O. indicum, the chemical constituents of 80% methanol extract of seeds of O. indicum were subjected to chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC, leading to the isolation of eleven compounds. The structures were identified by various spectroscopic data including ESI-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR data as oroxin B (1), chrysin (2), baicalein (3), neglectein (4), quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopy ranoside (5), quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), 2α,3β-dihydroxylluPeol (7), lupeol (8), rengyol (9), β-sitostero (10), and stigmasterol (11). Among them, compound 5 were firstly obtained from O. indicum.
Bignoniaceae ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Seeds ; chemistry

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of Baisuifang Granule in treating cognitive malfunction after cerebral infarction. METHODS: One hundred and sixty patients with cerebral infarction were divided randomly into two groups. Eighty patients were treated with Baisuifang Granule and 80 with nimodipine for two months. Clinical observation and laboratory examinations were performed for Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), clinical symptoms, Chinese Stroke Scale (CSS), hemorrheological indexes and fibrinogen before and after the treatment. RESULTS: Baisuifang Granule could improve MMSE, reduce the scores of clinical symptoms and CSS, and meliorate the blood rheology. The total effective rate for clinical symptoms in the Baisuifang treated group accounted to 76.25%, with statistical difference comparing to 58.75% of nimodipine treated group (P<0.05). There was significant difference in symptom integral, CSS and whole blood viscosity at the high shear rate, respectively (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Baisuifang Granule is an effective Chinese medicine for treating cognitive malfunction after cerebral infarction.

Objective To investigate the image changes of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in children with epilepsy and their clinical significance. Methods Sixty-four patients with epilepsy,admitted to our hospital from March 2008 to March 2011,and 10 healthy children as control group were chosen in our study; the patients were divided into MR normal group and MR abnormal group according to the results of MR imaging. All of them received 1H-MRS examination on the hippocampal area.The ratio of NAA/Cho+Cr was compared between each 2 groups. Results No significant differences on the ratio of NAA/Cho+Cr were noted between the fight and left sides in all the groups (P＞0.05).The ratio of NAA/Cho+Cr was significantly different:MR normal group and control group enjoyed obvious difference as compared with MR abnormal group (P＜0.05); however,MR normal group and MR abnormal group existed no statistically significant differences (P＞0.05). Conclusion 1H-MRS is more sensitivity than MRI in children with epilepsy,therefore,1H-MRS can find the lesions earlier than MR imaging.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between pesticide exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes in famers.

METHODSA search was conducted to collect the articles about the relationship between pesticide exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes published worldwide from 1990 to February 2012. Meta-analysis was performed on the collected articles using RevMan 4.2 software.

RESULTSTwelve articles were collected. Compared with the controls, the pesticide-exposed famers showed a combined odds ratio (OR) for spontaneous abortion of 1.52 (95%CI: 1.04 ∼ 2.21; P = 0.03), a combined OR for premature birth of 1.33 (95%CI: 1.09 ∼ 1.61; P = 0.005), a combined OR for dead fetus of 1.22 (95%CI: 1.16 ∼ 1.29; P < 0.01), a combined OR for stillbirth of 1.90 (95%CI: 0.58 ∼ 6.28; P = 0.29), a combined OR for birth defect of 2.02 (95%CI: 0.84 - 4.69; P = 0.12), a combined OR for low birth weight of 1.62 (95%CI: 0.60 ∼ 4.39; P = 0.34), a combined OR for neonatal death of 2.18 (95%CI: 0.54 ∼ 8.88; P = 0.28), and a combined OR for delayed conception of 1.43 (95%CI: 0.93 ∼ 2.18; P = 0.1). Pesticide exposure increased the risks for spontaneous abortion, premature birth, and dead fetus, but was not significantly associated with stillbirth, birth defect, low birth weight, neonatal death, and delayed conception.

CONCLUSIONPesticide exposure can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes in farmers, increasing the risks of spontaneous abortion, premature birth, and dead fetus.