ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Jiuqiang Naoliqing(JNQ) on the TXA2 and PGI2 level in spontaneous hypertension rat (SHR) plasma.MethodsThe plasma was separated after the SHR and Wistar rats were treated with JNQ at the dose of 0.133g/kg,0.265g/kg,0.530g/kg and 1% carboxymethyl cellulose respectively for 5 weeks. The level of TXB2 and 6 keto PGF1α ,stable metabolin of TXA2 and PGI 2,in SHR plasma was tested by radioimmunoassay.ResultsThe level of TXB2 and the ratio of TXB2/6 keto PGF1α (T/P) in SHR plasma increased significantly(P<0.01),and there was no significant difference in the concentration of 6 keto PGF1α between Wistar rats and SHR plasma(P>0.05). JNQ could increase the generation of 6 keto PGF1α and decrease the level of TXB2 and T/P in SHR plasma after treated with different dosages for 5 weeks.ConclusionJNQ may improve the balance between TXA2 and PGI2 in SHR plasma.

The self-designed experimental teaching method is introduced in detail in this paper,including the preparative work before class,discussion of experimental designing proposal,and accomplishment of specific experiment and so on.The teaching method innovations on pathophysiology experiment are very helpful to cultivate the students' ability to solve practical problem and lay the foundation to cultivate talented medical science personal.

A new species of genus shewarella Shewanellade decolorations S12, was isolated from activated sludge of a textile-printing waste-water treatment plant. In the anaerobic condition, S12 could conserve energy for growth by using Fe3 + as the terminal electron acceptor. At the optimal condition of pH8, temperature 30℃, ferric citrate 800mg/L, sodium lactate 2g/ L, yeast extract 0. 5g/ L , the cell growth increased with the raise of the amount of the Fe3+ reduction in 8k The effect of different carbon soucres, nitrogen sources, pH values and growth temperatures on the anaerobic Fe3 + reduction of Shewanella decolorations S12 was investigated. LB was favorable for Fe3 + reduction. Glucose and sodium lactate also were favorable for Fe3+ reduction. The cell growth and Fe3 + reduction increased with the raise of the amount of the yeast extract from 0 to 4g/L The amounts of the sodium lactate of 6g/ L and ferric citrate of 800mg/L were suitable for strain S12 growth and Fe3+ reduction. In the optimum initial pH value range of 6 -8 for Fe3+ reduction, strain S12 growth increased with the raise of the pH val- ue. Strain S12 could growth and reduce Fe3+ at the temperature range of 20 -40℃. The best temperature for strain S12 growth and Fe3 + reduction was 301.

OBJECTIVETo construct a high performance open source software engine based on IBM SPLASH algorithm for later research on pattern discovery.

METHODSGpat, which is based on SPLASH algorithm, was developed by using open source software.

RESULTSGNU Pattern (Gpat) software was developped, which efficiently implemented the core part of SPLASH algorithm. Full source code of Gpat was also available for other researchers to modify the program under the GNU license.

CONCLUSIONGpat is a successful implementation of SPLASH algorithm and can be used as a basic framework for later research on pattern recognition in biological sequences.

Algorithms ; Computational Biology ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Software

OBJECTIVETo compare the intervention effects of four traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) with typical cold or hot property on body temperature and temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential ion channel proteins (TRPs) of rats with yeast-induced fever.

METHODThe pyrexia model was induced by injecting yeast suspension subcutaneously. Totally 108 male SD rats were randomly divided into the normal group, the model group, the Rhei Radix et Rhizoma treated group, the Coptidis Rhizoma treated group, the Euodiae Fructus treated group, and the Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma treated group, with 18 rats in each group. At the 4 h, 8 h and 12 h after injection of yeast, the rats were sacrificed to collect their hypothalamus and dorsal root ganglion. The expressions of TRPV1 and TRPM8 were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot method.

RESULTCompared with the normal group, after injection of yeast, the temperature of rats in the model group notably increased, and reached the peak at 8 h (P < 0.01). The TRPV1 level in hypothalamus and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of the model group significantly increased, whereas the TRPM8 level significantly reduced. Compared with the model group, the Rhei Radix et Rhizoma group and the Coptidis Rhizoma group showed significant decrease in the high body temperature of rats caused by yeast, down-regulation in the expression of TRPV1, and up-regulation in the expression of TRPM8 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Euodiae Fructus and Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma had no significant effect on either temperature or TRPs of fever rats.

CONCLUSIONRhei Radix et Rhizoma and Coptidis Rhizoma, both are TCMs with cold property, can reduce the temperature of fever rats induced by yeast, which may be related to their effective regulation of TRPV1 and TRPM8 in hypothalamus and DRG, while Euodiae Fructus and Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma had no relevant effect.

Animals ; Antipyretics ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Body Temperature Regulation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Fever ; drug therapy ; immunology ; microbiology ; physiopathology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; immunology ; TRPM Cation Channels ; genetics ; immunology ; TRPV Cation Channels ; genetics ; immunology

AIMTo observe the effect of phenolic alkaloids of Menispermum dauricum (PAMD) on thrombosis and platelet aggregation, and to explore its mechanism of action.

METHODSThrombosis was observed with arteriovenous shunt thrombus model in rat; platelet aggregation was determined by Born's method; ultrastructure of platelet was observed by transmission electron microscope; TXB2 or 6-keto-PGF1alpha levels were assessed by radioimmunoassay; and NO was determined by colorimetric method.

RESULTSPAMD dose-dependently inhibited experimental thrombus formation, platelet aggregation induced by ADP, AA and THR in vivo and ultrastructure changes stimulated by THR; PAMD increased the generation of 6-keto-PGF1alpha in thoracic aortae and NO level in plasma; and had no influence on TXB2 release (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPAMD inhibited thrombosis and platelet aggregation, and its mechanism might be due to the increase of PGI2 and NO level.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha ; metabolism ; Alkaloids ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; metabolism ; Benzylisoquinolines ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Blood Platelets ; ultrastructure ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Epoprostenol ; metabolism ; Male ; Menispermum ; chemistry ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Tetrahydroisoquinolines ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Thrombosis ; metabolism ; Thromboxane B2 ; metabolism

The aim of this study was to find platelet specific autoantibodies against glycoproteins in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and to explore its role in pathogenesis of MDS. The plasma autoantibodies against GP IIb/IIIa and GP Ib/IX were measured by using a modified monoclonal antibody specific immobolization platelet antigens assay (MAIPA). Absorbance greater than mean value plus tripled standard deviation recorded from the normal controls were regarded as positive. The results indicated that the total positive rate in patients with MDS was 16.67% (5/30), the total positive rate in patients with ITP was 46.67% (14/30), the difference between MDS group and ITP group was significant (P < 0.05). It is concluded that partial patients with MDS have plasma specific autoantibodies against platelet GP II b/III a and GP Ib/IX, indicating correlation of thrombocytopenia of patients with immune factors and the autoantibody-mediated platelet destruction may be involved in the pathogenesis of MDS. It provides a new basis for immunosuppression therapy for MDS.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies ; immunology ; Antigens, Human Platelet ; immunology ; Autoantibodies ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; complications ; immunology ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex ; immunology ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex ; immunology ; Thrombocytopenia ; etiology ; immunology

AIM: The present study was undertaken to characterize the effects of Wuling San on urate excretion and renal function, and explore its possible mechanisms of action in hyperuricemic mice. METHODS: Mice were administered with 250 mg·kg(-1) potassium oxonate by gavage once daily (10 animals/group) for seven consecutive days to develop a hyperuricemia model. Different doses of Wuling powder were orally initiated on the day 1 h after oxonate was given, separately. Allopurinol was used as a positive control. Serum and urine levels of uric acid and creatinine, and fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) were measured in hyperuricemic mice treated with Wuling San and allopurinol. Simultaneously, renal mRNA and protein levels of urate transporter 1 (mURAT1), glucose transporter 9 (mGLUT9), organic anion transporter 1 (mOAT1), as well as organic cation/carnitine transporters mOCT1, mOCT2 and mOCTN2, were assayed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot methods, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Compared to the hyperuricemia control group, Wuling San significantly reduced serum uric acid and creatinine levels, increased 24 h urate and creatinine excretion, and FEUA in hyperuricemic mice, exhibiting its ability to enhance urate excretion and improve kidney function. Wuling San was found to down-regulate mRNA and protein levels of mURAT1 and mGLUT9, as well as up-regulate mOAT1 in the kidney of hyperuricemic mice. Moreover, Wuling San up-regulated renal mRNA and protein levels of mOCT1, mOCT2 and mOCTN2, leading to kidney protection in this model.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Organic Anion Transport Protein 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Organic Anion Transporters ; genetics ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; drug effects ; Uric Acid ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Huogu II Formula (II) with medicinal guide Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae (Ach) on bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) homing to necrosis area after osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) frozen by liquid nitrogen in rabbit as well as to explore the mechanism of prevention and treatment for ONFH.

METHODSThe animal model of ONFH was established by liquid nitrogen frozen on the rabbit left hind leg. Forty-eight Japanese White rabbits were randomly assigned to sham-operated group, model group, Huogu II group, and Huogu II plus Ach group, with 12 rabbits in each. During the course of ONFH animal model establishment, all rabbits were subcutaneously injected with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [rhG-CSF, 30 μg/(kg·day) for continuous 7 days]. Meanwhile, normal saline and decoction of the two formulae were administrated by gavage, respectively. White blood cells (WBC) were counted in peripheral blood before and after injection of rhG-CSF. Materials were drawn on the 2nd and 4th weeks after model built; bone glutamine protein (BGP) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) levels in serum were tested. Histopathologic changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. BMP2 mRNA levels were detected with in situ hybridization (ISH) staining. 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and stromal cell derived factor 1 (SDF-1) were measured by immunohistochemical assay in femoral head of the left hind leg.

RESULTSCompared with the shamoperated group, the ratio of empty lacuna, serum BGP, and SDF-1 level in the model group increased significantly, and BMP2 in both serum and femoral head decreased significantly. However, in comparison with the model group, the empty lacuna ratio of Huogu II group and Huogu II plus Ach group decreased obviously in addition to the levels of serum BGP and BMP2, and the expressions of BMP2 mRNA, BrdU, and SDF-1 increased significantly. Above changes were particularly obvious in Huogu II plus Ach group. BGP and SDF-1 on the 2nd week and empty lacuna rate and serum BMP2 level on the 4th week in Huogu II group significantly exceeded their counterparts. On the 2nd week, only in Huogu II plus Ach group that the BrdU counting rose significantly. On the 4th week, empty lacuna rate and serum BMP2 level in Huogu II plus Ach group exceeded those in Huogu II group distinctively.

CONCLUSIONSTo a certain extent, the medicinal guide Ach improves the preventive and therapeutic effects of Huogu II Formula on experimental ONFH model. The possible mechanism of this is related to its promoting effect on directional homing of BMSCs to the necrosis area.

Achyranthes ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; blood ; genetics ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; metabolism ; Cell Movement ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Femur Head ; drug effects ; pathology ; Femur Head Necrosis ; blood ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Radioimmunoassay ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo study the mechanism of Huogu I formula (I) in treating osteonecrosis of femoral head.

METHODSForty-eight healthy female Leghorn chickens were randomly divided into control group, model group and Huogu I group, and each group consisted of 16 chickens. At the meantime of model establishment, chickens of the Huogu I group were administrated with decoction, while the model and control group with distilled water by gavage. At the 8th and 16th week after medication, blood samples were obtained for blood lipid detection while both sides of femoral head were harvested for the rest of examinations. Specifically, expressions of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFβ(1)), Smad4 and Smad7 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, while expression of osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (OPG/RANKL) mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the model group rose significantly. Positive cell counting of BMP2, TGFβ(1), Smad4 and OPG in femoral head of the model group dropped prominently. Positive cell counting of Smad7 and RANKL increased dramatically. In contrast with the model group, levels of TC, TG and LDL-C in Huogu I group reduced significantly. Positive cell counting of BMP2, TGFβ(1), Smad4 and OPG in femoral head of the Huogu I group increased prominently. Indices of Smad7 and RANKL both decreased significantly. Especially at the 8th week, these variations were more significant.

CONCLUSIONHuogu I formula is effective in promoting repair of necrotic femoral head by regulating the expressions of BMP2, TGFβ(1), Smads and OPG/RANKL of osteoclast in femoral head.

Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; metabolism ; Bone Regeneration ; drug effects ; physiology ; Chickens ; Chondrocytes ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Femur Head Necrosis ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; physiology ; Osteocytes ; metabolism ; Osteoprotegerin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B ; genetics ; metabolism ; Smad4 Protein ; metabolism ; Smad7 Protein ; metabolism ; Steroids ; pharmacology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism