Objective: To explore the object relation in the college students with borderline personality disorder(BPD) by thematic appearance test (TAT). Methods: The result of the social cognitive and object relation scale (SCORS) of BPD students was compared with that of the non-BPD students. Results: The BPD students got significantly lower scores in complexity of representations of people, affect-tone of relationship paradigms, and understanding of social causality. But there was no significant difference in the capacity for emotional investment in relationships and moral standards. Conclusion: The object relation of BPD students is different from that of the non-BPD students. The non-BPD students develop better in complexity of representations of people, affect -tone of relationship paradigms, and understanding of social causality.

The overuse of injection exists more than 20 years since economic reform in China. It is a persistent problem and seems becoming a new challenge in the new health reform period. This study was designed to assess the effect of national essential medicines policy (NEMP) on injection use at primary health facilities in China by investigating their prescription information. Questionnaires were designed and disseminated to collect empirical data on injection use at 120 primary health facilities in 6 provinces from January to September in 2010 and 2011. The injection use was measured as the indicator as the percentage of prescriptions with one or more injections. The results showed that the percentage of prescriptions with one or more injections was decreased from 38.91% to 36.82% (χ (2)=11.158, P=0.001) in the all survey areas during the NEMP reform. The difference in level of the injection use in 2011 was significant among the eastern, central and western regions (χ (2)=223.584, P=0.000); level of the injection use in western region was the lowest (27.73%), while that in the central region was the highest (43.10%). The level of the injection use in 2011 among different provinces was also of great difference (26.00%-58.25%, range: 32.25%). The level of the injection use in 2011 was still much higher than the standard suggested by WHO for developing countries (13.4%-24.1%). It was concluded that NEMP has improved injection use in China, but the injection abuse situation remains serious, indicating that one of the priorities to the next stage of NEMP is to promote the rational use of drugs, especially the injection use.

Combination chemotherapy and nanoparticle drug delivery are two promising strategies in cancer treatment. The use of multiple therapeutic agents in combination provides synergistic effects among different drugs against cancer cells and suppresses drug resistance through distinct mechanisms of action.Nanocarriers can improve anti-tumor effects of drugs and reduce systemic toxicity through delivering drugs into the tumor tissue specially. Recently, many studies are aiming to encapsulate multiple agents into nanocarriers to optimize the anti-tumor effects. In the present review, the recent advances of nanoparticle platforms applied with co-delivering two or more drugs were summarized and the various combination strategies based on nanoparticles in oncology were discussed.

BACKGROUND:Extensive studies have shown that transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) plays a positive role in relieving the pain caused by a variety of diseases. However, its exact effect to manage pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis is stil controversial. TENS is classified into h-TENS and l-TENS, but currently its respective role in relieving the pain caused by knee osteoarthritis is not clear yet. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of h-TENS and l-TENS on pain relieving among patients with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: A computer-based search was performed on PubMed, Embase and Cochrane database for randomized controled trials on TENS for the treatment of knee pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis which were reported before February 2014. Methodology quality of the trials was criticaly assessed and relative data were extracted. These studies were selected independently by two reviewers according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed using Revman5.2 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 10 randomized controled trials involving 519 cases were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the h-TENS group had significant effects on pain relief in knee osteoarthritis patients in comparison to the control group [MD=-0.56, 95%CI(-0.98,-0.15),P=0.008]; the l-TENS group had no significant effect on pain relief in knee osteoarthritis patients in comparison to the control group [MD=-0.13, 95%CI(-1.63, 1.38),P=0.87]; the h-TENS group had significant effect on pain relief in knee osteoarthritis patients in comparison to the l-TENS group [MD=-0.85, 95%CI(-1.32, -0.37), P=0.000 5]. These findings indicate that h-TENS performs something positive to reduce pain in knee osteoarthritis patients that l-TENS cannot do. Owing to the limitations of this study, further work is needed to determine the role of TENS in pain management among patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Objective To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of fusidic acid against P.acnes.Methods Fifty strains of P.acnes were clinically isolated from Huashan Hospital,Fudan University from March to September 2013.The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of several antibacterial agents including fusidic acid against these P.aches isolates were determined by using the agar dilution method according to the recommendations of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).Data were analyzed using the WHONET 5.4 software.Results Among the 50 P.acnes isolates,90％ were sensitive to fusidic acid,90％ to moxifloxacin,54％ to clindamycin,46％ to erythromycin,but 100％ were resistant to metronidazole.The minimum concentration required to inhibit the growth of 50％ organisms (MIC50) and 90％ organisms (MIC90) were 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L respectively for fusidic acid,whereas clindamycin and erythromycin both showed higher MIC90 values (＞ 128 mg/L).At the concentration of 128 mg/L,clindamycin inhibited the growth of 70％ of the P.acnes isolates,and erythromycin inhibited the growth of 48％ of them,while the growth of all the isolates was inhibited by fusidic acid at 2 mg/L.Conclusion Fusidic acid exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of P.acnes in vitro.

As one of the major sources of infection, viruses could infect all organisms including bacteria, plants, animals, and humans. Infectious diseases caused by viruses pose a great threat and damage to human health and economic activities all over the world. Adaptor-associated protein kinase 1 (AAK1) is a member of the Ark1/Prk1 family of serine/threonine kinases and a specific key kinase regulating the phosphorylation of AP-2 protein μ2 subunit T156. In the past, AAK1 has been regarded as a feasible biological target for the treatment of nerve pain. Recently, scientists have found that inhibiting AAK1 can regulate endocytosis and inhibit virus invasion into cells. Therefore, AAK1 could be the potential target of anti-virus therapy. This paper reviews the research progress of small molecule AAK1 inhibitors in the field of antiviral, analyzes the future research directions and challenges, and provides new ideas for the development of antiviral drugs targeting AAK1.

Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Codon ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Exons ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Melanoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neurilemmoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Point Mutation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; metabolism ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Sijunzi decoction (SJZD) on malondialdehyde (MDA) content and telomerase activity in heart, liver and brain tissues of D-galactose (D-gal) induced aging model mice.

METHODSD-gal aging mice model was established by cervicodorsal region subcutaneous injection with 10% D-gal once a day for six successive months. The model mice in the low-, middle- and high-dose SJZD treated groups were treated with SJZD in a dose of 6 g/kg, 12 g/kg, 24 g/kg per day respectively in the volume of 0.2 ml/10 g for 6 successive weeks. While the mice in the normal control group (NCG, non-modeled) and the model control group (MCG, modeled but untreated) were treated with distilled water instead. The MDA content and telomerase activity in heart, liver and brain tissues of mice was measured with TBA colorimetric method and PCR-ELISA respectively.

RESULTSIn MCG, the MDA content in heart, liver and brain tissues was significantly higher (P < 0.01), and the telomerase activity in liver and heart tissues was significantly lower (P < 0.01) but that in brain tissue was insignificant different to that in NCG (P > 0.05) respectively. As compared with MCG, the MDA content was significantly lower in the three SJZD treated group (P < 0.01). In comparison of telomerase activity between MCG and SJZD treated groups, it was shown that in heart tissue, there was an increased trend of the activity in the low-dose and middle-dose group, but with statistical insignificance (P > 0.05), but it did show a significant increase in the high-dose group (P < 0.05); in liver tissue no significant difference was shown between the three SJZD treated groups and MCG (P > 0.05); as for that in brain tissue, significant increase only shown in the high-dose group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSJZD can antagonize free radical injury, decrease the MDA content of heart, liver and brain in D-gal aging mice, and increase the telomerase activity in heart and brain tissues but with no effect on that in liver tissue.

Aging ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Free Radical Scavengers ; pharmacology ; Galactose ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mice ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Telomerase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the technological parameters of the purification process of total flavones from Smilax china with macroporous absorption resin.

METHODThe technical process for purification of total flavones with the optimum macroporous absorption resin was screened by yield of total flavones product.

RESULTThe D140 macroporous absorption resin had the best separating efficiency when the flavones content in the liquid was 0.5 g x mL(-1) equivalent to raw material, the volume of drug 18 BV (resin bad volume) with the adsorption-power 2 BV x h(-1), and the volume of 60% (mL x mL(-1)) ethanol as eluant 5-10 BV (resin bad volume) with desorption-power 1 BV x h(-1). The obtained flavones product has total flavones recovery rate of 84.72%.

CONCLUSIONThe treatment of regenerated resin is easy, this method is advisable.

Absorption ; Flavones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Resins, Synthetic ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Smilax ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

OBJECTIVETo compare efficacy of unilateral external fixators and locking compression plates in treating type C fractures of the distal radius.

METHODSFrom January 2009 to June 2010, 76 patients with distal radius fracture were treated with LCP and external fixators, 54 patients were followed up. Among them, 29 cases were male and 25 cases were female with an average age of 45.31 (ranged, 24 to 68) years old. There were 29 patients in LCP group. According to AO classification, 8 cases were type C1, 7 cases were type C2 and 14 cases were type C3. There were 25 cases in external fixators group. According to AO classification, 6 cases were type C1, 8 cases were type C2 and 11 cases were type C3. Radial height, volar tilt and radial inclination were compared, advanced Gartland-Werley scoring were used to assessed wrist joint function after 6 and 12 months' following up.

RESULTSTwo cases were suffered from nail infection in external fixators group. Fifty-four patients were followed up from 12 to 24 months with an average of 21.3 months. Radial height was (9.60 +/- 0.72) mm, volar tilt was (9.55 +/- 0.80) degrees and radial inclination was (21.40 +/- 0.78) degrees in LCP group,while those were (9.40 +/- 0.70) mm, (9.47 +/- 0.71) degrees and (21.20 +/- 0.73) degrees in external fixtors group, and with no statistical significance (P>0.05). Advanced Gartland-Werley score after 6 months' following up was 3.31 +/- 1.17 in LCP group, 5.56 +/- 1.58 in external fixtors group, and with significant difference (t=-5.99,P<0.05); after 12 months' following up, advanced Gartland-Werley score was respectively 2.66 +/- 1.01 and 3.08 +/- 1.00, but with no statistical meaning (t=-1.55, P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONLCP and external fixtors can receive good curative effects in treating type C distal radius fracture, and LCP can obtain obviously short-term efficacy, while there is no significant difference between two groups in long-term results. For serious distal radius comminuted fracture which unable to plate internal fixation, external fixators is a better choice.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Comminuted ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radius ; surgery ; Radius Fractures ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult