Objective:To explore the relationship between tobacco smoking and liver cancer risk.Methods:Cohort studies of cigarette smoking and risk of liver cancer were identified by searching MEDLINE and CBM databases from January 1989 to September 2009. Results from individual studies were combined synthetically by Meta analysis using R software and Meta package. Results:A total of 19 articles were included in our analysis. The cohort totally included 3 023 558 followed-up persons and 9 525 cases of liver cancer patients. The pooled relative risk (RR) of liver cancer was 1.49 (95%CI: 1.17-1.92) for smokers compared with non-smokers. The results showed a statistically moderate association between tobacco smoking and the risk of liver cancer. Subgroup analysis indicated that the pooled RRs for smoking were 1.53(95%CI : 1.29-1.83)for male smokers and 1.70(95%CI :1.17-2.48)for female smokers, respectively.Conclusion:Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for liver cancer in both males and females.

The establishment of quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine system that not only accords with Chinese medicine function characteristics but also is recognized as international medical circles, is an arduous task in urgent need of solving the current modernization of traditional Chinese medicine in the process of internationalization. It is difficult to evaluate atraditional Chinese medicine by detection of single active components in traditional Chinesemedicinewiththe western medicine quality controlmethod due to the overall effects of traditional Chinese drugs, the components of the overall diversity, targets, and the complexity of the interaction between components of unpredictable make the Long-term since, domestic and foreign scholars continue to explore and put forward a series of quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine to promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine. This article summarized the related academic ideas and developments to, providea new thought and perspective for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine.
Drug Evaluation ; methods ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Quality Control

Objective To discuss the efficacy of the modified subinguinal approach for the treatment of acetabular anterior column and wall fractures.Methods A clinical retrospective study was performed of the 5 patients who had been treated at our department from January 2011 to April 2015 for acetabular anterior column and wall fractures and conformed to follow-ups.They were 3 males and 2 females,aged from 19 to 45 years (mean,35.6 years).The duration from injury to surgery averaged 7.6 days (range,from 4 to 10 days).The subinguinal ligament approach was adopted in the 5 cases,through which the inguinal ligament was preserved intact after sharp dissection of its insertion at the anterior superior iliac spine and medial-upper advancement,the advantage of expanded exposure of the first window by the Farid sub-ilioinguinal approach was retained,and additional lesions due to iliac osteotomy were avoided.The operation time,intraoperative bleeding,postoperative reduction and time for fracture union were documented.Merle d' Aubigne and Postel scoring system was used to assess the hip joint function of the affected limb at the final follow-ups.Results The operation time ranged from 110 to 150 minutes (mean,125 minutes);the intraoperative bleeding ranged from 415 to 550 mL (mean,450.2 mL).By the Matta's criteria,the postoperative reduction was rated as excellent in 4 cases and good in one.The 5 patients were followed up for an average of 32.4 months (range,from 6 to 43 months).Their fractures united clinically after an average of 4.6 months (range,from 3 to 6 months).The hip joint function was rated as excellent in 2 and good in 3 by the Merle d' Aubigne and Postel scoring system at the final follow-ups.Follow-ups observed no serious complications like inguinal hernia,internal fixation failure,myositis ossificans,or avascular necrosis of the femoral head.Conclusions As the modified subinguinal approach can provide a broad surgical exposure,lead to minimal injury to the inguinal ligament,avoid lesions caused by iliac osteotomy,and decrease operation time and bleeding,it may be a better approach for acetabular anterior column and wall fractures.

Objective To investigate the role of skin homing T lymphocytes in the development of psoriasis vulgaris(PV). Methods Indirect immunofluorescent double staining technique was employed to study the expression of infiltrating skin homing T lymphocytes in normal, uninvolved perilesional and lesional psoriatic skin in different stages (progressing, stable or regressing) and in normal human skin. Results ①Expression of cutaneous lymphocyte associated antigen (CLA) was found in the majority of CD3+T lymphocytes in normal human skin and in lesions of PV, and CD45RO phenotype was expressed in almost all CLA+T lymphocytes. ②In psoriatic lesions, the number of CD4+CLA+and CD8+CLA+cells was higher in progressive stage than that in stable stage(P

Thirty-five patients who underwent Scandinavian total ankle replacement (STAR) in the Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology & First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University between March 1999 and November 2006 were recruited for this study. The patients averaged 50.5 years old ranging from 27 to 68 years old. STAR was performed on the left side in 20 cases and on the right side in 15 cases. Among these patients, 12 suffered from posttraumatic arthritis, 8 osteoarthritis, and 15 rheumatic arthritis. All patients complained of ankle joint pain and different degrees of swelling as well as limited motion of joint. During the operation, some complications appeared, including medial malleolus fractures 2 patients, unstable ankle joint introversion 2 patients, limited ankle joint dorsiflextion 1 pateint. Symptomatic treatments were performed in these patients. Postoperatively, injury of superficial peroneal nerve occurred in 1 patient, but this did not cause an obvious motor dysfunction, so no special treatment was given. In addition, infection of incisional wound appeared in 2 patients and late healed subsequent to another dressing. Thirty-three cases presented with primary healing of incision. Among 35 total ankle arthroplasties, 28 had detained 43.5-month follow up (range 3-80 months). The ankles were scored with Kofoed total scoring system. The average postoperative ankle score was 85.5 (range 58-95), pain degree score was 48.3 (range 35-50), joint function score was 20.7 (range 18-30), and range-of-motion score was 17.2 (range 16-20). There was significant difference in these scores as compared to preoperative scores (P < 0.01). None of prosthetic loosening and migration was found radiologically. All these indicated that standardized and normalized operative technique as well as operative tools closely matched to the prosthesis and used to prevent and treat postoperative infection, dislocation, and prosthetic loosening as well as histocompatibility between material and host are the essential conditions for enhancing the success rate of prosthetic replacement.

Objective To characterize the clinical features and outcome of massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with Crohn's disease.Methods The clinical data form 13 patients Who identified as Crohn's disease accompanied by massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage between 1998 and 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The ratio of men to women was 3.3 : 1.Bleeding was the first symptom of disease in foor patients.The lesion was involved in small howel in 10 cases.The origin of bleeding was identified in 8 cases.Four patients received surgical operation and none of them died,while 9 patients received medical treatment and 3 of them died.Totally 10 patients were followed up for 6 to 94 months.Eight patients had recurrent massive hemorrhage,and two of them subsequently required surgery.One patient died after surgery.All patients who had recurrent massive bleeding and still survival were characterized by recurrent bleeding as only or major clinical feature,and they were all with small bowel involvement.Conclusions Diagnostic and therapeutic approach of massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage in Crohn's disease is very challenging.It is possible that there exists a particular phenotype of Crohn's disease that presents a tendency of bleeding recurrence,whose bleeding probably related to small bowel lesions.

Objective To study the effect of a polysaccharide from cuscuta chinensis lam (PCCL) on antisenility and its mechanism. Methods Sixty Kunming mice were randomized into 6 groups. The three PCCL groups were administrated with PCCL of 100, 200, 400 mg?kg -1?d -1 orally, the positive control group with vitamin E of 200 mg?kg -1?d -1, the model group and control group with the same volume of control solution only. At the same time, the model group, the positive group and the three PCCL groups were subcutaneously injected of 5% D-gal at the dose of 0.5 ml at the nape, and the control with the same volume of saline solution. Seven weeks later, the MDA, SOD activity, GSH-PX activity in the liver and kidney of mice and lipofuscin (LF) in mouse brain were detected with the methods of TBA, Nitrate, DTNB and Sohal, respectively. The data were analyzed with SPSS software and the data between groups were analyzed with one-factor variance analysis. Results Thymus index and spleen index dropped, LF rose in brain, malondialdehyde (MDA) content rose and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) dropped in liver and kidney in senile mouse model. PCCL administration of 100, 200, 400 mg?kg -1?d -1 made thymus index and spleen index rising, LF dropping in brain, MDA content dropping,SOD and GSH-PX LF rising in liver and kidney of senile mouse model. Conclusion PCCL may postpone senility, which mechanism probably connected with rising immunity, eliminating oxygen free radicals and antilipoperoxidation.

AIM: To investigate the effects of proteasome inhibitor Z-LLL-CHO(MG132) on human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 and its possibly mechanism.METHODS: After treated with different concentration of MG132,the morphological change,ultrastructral morphology,cell viability,cell apoptosis,gene transcription and protein expression in MG-63 cells were accessed by fluorescence microscope,electron microscope,MTT assay,agrose gel electrophoresis,FCM,RT-PCR and Western blotting.RESULTS: Proteasome inhibitor MG132 was an effective inducer of apoptosis in human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells.Not only apoptotic changes,but also cell arrest at G2-M-phase,the accumulation of p27kip1,the accumulation of activated caspase-8 and increased ratio of Bax∶Bcl-2 were observed.However,to normal human diploid fibroblast cells,MG132 did not show apoptosis-inducing effect.CONCLUSION: Apoptosis induced by MG132 may be caspase-8,p27kip1and bcl-2-related.

Objective To explore the operation timing and technique selection of floating knee injury in children.Methods According to Letts types,36 cases were divided into 5 types.The function outcome in every group was compared by Karlstrorm criterion according operation timing or technique selection respectively.Results Thirty-six cases were followed up for an average of 25 months(19 to 84 months).The rate of excellent and good results accounted for 94.12%(16/17) in one stage operation,78.95%(15/19)in stages,60%(6/10)in 2 stages,respectively.Conclusions It may be recommended to treat children with floating knee injury with open reduction intenal fixation or external fixation.The best operation time shall be urgent treatment of both femur and tibia fracture.

0.05)between the recurrent rate[2.2%(10/463)]of the CR patients with lung metastasis and the progression rate of the 152 patients.Conclusions After normalization of ?-hCG titer,patients whose lung tumors remained unchanged even after several additional courses of chemotherapy should be considered as CR patients.Follow-ups should be strictly carried out on these patients,especially at around 6 months after the completion of treatment,and particularly for high-risk and drug-resistant choriocarcinoma patients.