AIM: To develop an HPLC method for determintion of alliin concentration in rat plasma and to study its pharmacokinetics in rat. METHODS : The plasma samples were extracted with methanol. The analysis involved a ODS-1 column as stationary phase and distilled water as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.5mL?min -1 ,UV detection wavelength was at 220nm. 5-fluorouracil was used as the internal standard. RESULTS : The calibration curve was linear over the range from 3?g?mL -1 to 75?g?mL -1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9989 . The mean recovery was 95%. The RSD of within-day and between-day were all less than 5%. The HPLC method of determination of alliin in the plasma was established. After single dose of 300mg?mL -1 in 6 rat,the main pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated to be as follows: CL( 0.048 )mg?min -1 ?kg -1 ,K_ 12 ( 0.0071 )min -1 ,K_ 21 ( 0.0093 )min -1 ,K_a(0.1915)min -1 ,t_ 1/2? ( 26.85 )min -1 ,t_ 1/2? ( 131.15 )min -1 , AUC( 6228.48 )?g?min -1 ?mL -1 . CONCLUSION : This method is quick,precise and reliable. It is shown that alliin is absorbed quickly in rat.

Antioxidant activity of bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) plays an essential role in preventing the airway epithelium integrity from damage in structure and function. Integrin expressed by BECs is the receptor of extracellular matrix such as fibronectin (Fn), and it is involved in modulation of proliferation, differentiation and metabolism of the cells. In order to test the hypothesis that integrin-ligand binding reaction supports the ability of cells to withstand oxidant attack, the present study evaluated the antioxidant activity of primary cultured rabbit BECs treated with fibronectin or its sequence Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD peptide), by determining changes in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and in the level of glutathione (GSH). The results are as follows: (1) Fn (10 μg/ml) increased significantly the activity unit of GSH-Px (P<0.05, n=5), which was inhibited by calmodulin-inhibitor W7 　(10－5 mol/L) (P<0.05). Both Fn (5～20 μg/ml) and RGD (15～60 μg/ml) showed a dose-dependent upregulatory effect (respectively r=0.93 and r=0.73). (2) Treatment with Fn increased SOD activity (P<0.01,　n=7), which was abolished by W7 　(P<0.01). (3) Catalase activity was also stimulated by Fn (P<0.05, n=6) and reversed by W7 　(P<0.01). (4) A dose-dependent increase of GSH level was observed in both Fn (r=0.82) and RGD treatment (r=0.84). The data suggest that the binding of integrin with extracellular matrix can upregulate activity of antioxidant enzymes, and increase the content of GSH and improve the ability of BECs to resist oxidant injury.

Accidents, Occupational ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Arsenic Poisoning ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Water Pollution, Chemical

There are few articles or reports collecting evidence about parenterally administered salvianolate from premarketing and postmarketing research or studies systematically. This article is an exact miniature of a systematical report about parenterally administered salvianolate. We analyzed information from four aspects, such as quality control reports, non-clinical premarketing safety experiments, postmarketing research (efficacy studies, hospital information system data and national spontaneous reporting system data) and literature analysis. All the four aspects build an evidence body for Kudiezi Solution in order to inform its safety use in clinical practice and further study.
Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophil (Eos) percentage,levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and interleukin-5 (IL-5) in induced sputum in elderly patients with late onset asthma (LOA) during the remission period. Methods Fifty-eight elderly patients with LOA during the remission period were selected.Bronchial challenge test was performed and the percentage of Eos and levels of ECP and IL-5 in induced sputum were measured by Wrights' stain,immuno-CAP system and ELISA,respectively.Twenty-five elderly patients with LOA during their exacerbation period and 15 healthy elderly subjects were selected as control.Results In fifty-eight LOA patients during their remission period,49 cases (84.5%) showed positive bronchial challenge test and 9cases(15.5%) negative.The percentage of Eos,levels of ECP and IL-5[(9.3?3.1)%],[(144.2?68.1)?g/L]and [(20.3?6.3)?g/L],in induced sputum in patients with LOA during their remission period were lower than those[(21.1?9.8)%, (399.3?172.5)?g/L and[(50.6?10.7)?g/L,respectively]in LOA group during the exacerbation period,and higher than those[(1.3?0.7)%,(48.7?21.9)?g/L and (10.3?3.2)?g/L]in healthy group(all P

Objective:A questionnaire for the compliance with moxibustion was designed based on the 4-item Morisky scale, and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire was investigated.Methods:A modified Morisky scale was designed based on the 4-item Morisky scale for the compliance with moxibustion, and 146 patients having received moxibustion for over 2 weeks were investigated using this scale to evaluate their compliance with moxibustion; the internal equity and the construct validity of the scale were statistically analyzed.Results:The analysis of reliability showed that in item of internal consistency, the Cronbach's α was 0.72 and the split-half coefficient was 0.71, the correlation coefficients between the 4 component scores and the total score ranged 0.67-0.80, and the between-component correlation coefficients ranged 0.24-0.56; the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) totally extracted 1 common factor, and the explicable variation was 55.02%, and the loads of the 4 items were respectively 0.82, 0.81, 0.74 and 0.58.Conclusion:The reliability and validity of the modified Morisky scale for the compliance with moxibustion are acceptable, while several items need further modification and improvement in the expression and content.

Objective To study the changes of behavior and depression-like classic indicators after hippocampal microinjection of K252a,and to establish a new animal model of depression.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into five groups,namely the control group,sham group,chronic stress depression model group,hippocampal of K252a microinjection group,and hippocampal microinjection K252a plus chronic stress group.Open field experiments,sucrose consumption test,and Morris water maze behavioral assay were used to assess the behavioral changes in the rats.ELISA was used to detect the plasma monoamine neurotransmitter,radioimmunoassay was used to determine the plasma CRH,ACTH,CORT contents,and western-blotting was performed to observe the protein expression of BDNF,CREB,ERK1/2,and BCL-2 in the hippocampus.Results Compared with the control group,the amount of activity,sugar consumption,learning and memory abilities were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),also the serum monoamine neurotransmitters were decreased (P<0.01),HPA axis function was improved (P<0.01),and the expression of BDNF,CREB,ERK1/2,BCL-2 decreased in the CUMS group(P<0.05 or P<0.01),but there was no significant difference in the DMSO group.Compared with the DMSO group,the activity,consumption of sucrose,learning and memory ability were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),while the HPA axis function was increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01),the serum monoamine neurotransmitters decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the BDNF,CREB,ERK1/2,BCL-2 expressions in the hypocampus were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01) in the K252a group and K252a + CUMS group.Compared with the CUMS group,the K252a group and K252a + CUMS group did not show significant changes in these parameters.Compared with the K252a group,these indicators were not significantly changed in the K252a + CUMS group.Conclusions The results of behavior,hematology,and molecular biology analysis show that this model has a great similarity to the classical model of CUMS in surface validity,construct validity,and functional validity.It may provide an alternative investigative technology platform for basic research and antidepressant drug screening.

To assess the left ventricular regional relaxation abnormalities in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) by quantitative tissue velocity imaging (QTVI), Doppler echocardiography and QTVI were performed in HCM (n=10) and healthy subjects (n=11) at apical long-axis, two-chamber and four-chamber views. Regional early diastolic velocity (rVe) and regional atrial contraction (rVa) were measured at each segment of ventricular middle, basal and annular levels. Mean rVe and mean rVa at three levels as well as mean rVe/rVa ratio were calculated. Our results showed that transmitral inflow peak velocities during early diastole (E) and atrial contraction (A) were also measured and E/A ratio was calculated. The rVe of all left ventricular segments in HCM were lower than those in healthy subjects (P<0.05), but compared with healthy subjects majority of rVa in HCM were not different except inferior wall and anterior wall. E between HCM and healthy subjects was different (P=0.036), while mean rVe between them was significantly different (P<0.0001). Mean rVa and mean rVe/rVa of three levels were lower in HCM than in healthy subjects (P<0.05), but there were no differences in A and E/A between them (P=0.22, P=0.101). Left ventricular regional myocardial relaxation is reduced in HCM. Transmitral inflow E and A are influenced by preload, relaxation of myocardium and atrial contraction, etc., while rVe and rVa reflect myocardial relaxation function independently. QTVI is more sensitive and more accurate than conventional Doppler imaging for characterizingregional diastolic properties in HCM.
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/*physiopathology ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/*ultrasonography ; Diastole ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color/methods ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/*physiopathology ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/ultrasonography ; Ventricular Function, Left

Adult ; Alcoholism ; complications ; Humans ; Lipomatosis, Multiple Symmetrical ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Neck ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo compare the differences in the clinical efficacy on post-stroke speech disorder between scalp electric acupuncture (EA) under anatomic orientation combined with rehabilitation training and simple rehabilitation training.

METHODSSixty patients of post-stroke speech apraxia were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. In the observation group, under anatomic orientation, the scalp EA was adopted to the dominant hemisphere Broca area on the left cerebrum. Additionally, the speech rehabilitation training was combined. In the control group, the speech rehabilitation training was simply,used. The treatment lasted for 4 weeks totally. The speech movement program module in the psychological language assessment and treatment system of Chinese aphasia was used for the evident of efficacy assessment. The scores of counting, singing scale, repeating phonetic alphabet, repeating monosyllable and repeating disyllable were observed in the patients of the two groups. The assessment was done separately on the day of grouping and 4 weeks after treatment.

RESULTSIn 4 weeks of treatment, the scores of counting, singing scale, repeating phonetic alphabet, repeating monosyllable and repeating disyllable were all improved as compared with those before treatment in the two groups (all P<0. 001). The results in the observation group were better than those in the control group (all P< 0. 05). The total effective rate was 100. 0% (30/30) in the observation group, superior apparently to 53. 3% (16/30) in the control group (P<0. 001).

CONCLUSIONThe scalp EA under anatomic orientation combined with' speech rehabilitation training obviously improves speech apraxia in stroke patients so that the speech disorder cani be relieved. The efficacy is better than that in simple rehabilitation training.

Acupuncture Points ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Apraxias ; etiology ; physiopathology ; rehabilitation ; therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Language ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Speech Disorders ; physiopathology ; rehabilitation ; therapy ; Speech Therapy ; Stroke ; complications ; Young Adult