1.Progresses in diagnosis and local treatment of diabetic foot infection
Yanhong HU ; Shiqin SHEN ; Qin XIANG ; Xia LI ; Mei LUO
Chinese Journal of General Practitioners 2016;15(5):395-398
Diabetic foot infection may hamper wound healing and lead to non-traumatic amputation in diabetes patients and early diagnosis and proper treatment can improve prognosis.In this review,the progress in classification,influencing factors,diagnostic methods and local treatment of diabetic foot infection is introduced.
2.Analysis on the status and countermeasures of the health manager training in China
Yuming ZHENG ; Lan YAO ; Zhiyong LIU ; Fei LUO ; Luyang HE ; Xiang GAO ; Xia CUI
Chinese Journal of Health Management 2015;(1):51-54
Objective To analyze current situation and problems of health manager training in the pilot training areas. Method With the recommendations of health administration deputies in the plot areas of Shanghai, Chongqing and Urumqi, 2 centers for community health services (CHSs) were selected in each area, 9 relative persons were interviewed, 3 focus group discussions (FGDs) involved 18 persons were held totally. The FGDs focused on such questions as“the general information of the training students”“the objectives and purposes of the training in each area”, and so on. Field investigation and qualitative analysis were used to investigate the status quo and main problems of the training of health manager in the pilot areas. Result The problems of the training of health manager existing in the pilot areas mainly are:part of teachers were not fully competent to the training of health manager, training of operant skill was insufficient, training course was not unified, the assessment mechanism was not perfect. Conclusion Optimizing the construction of teachers team, standardizing the training content, increasing the time of operating skills training, establishing a unified and standardized assessment mechanism are essential.
3.The expression and significance of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-related protein-1 (LC3) mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Xiongyan LUO ; Minghui YANG ; Yanhui XIA ; Yang XIANG ; Yi LIU ; Guohua YUAN
Chinese Journal of Internal Medicine 2015;54(2):134-138
Objective Increasing evidence supports the involvement of autophagy in the etiopathology of autoimmune diseases.Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a potentially fatal autoimmune disease characterized by production of multiple autoantibodies through poorly understood mechanism.In order to explore the role of autophagy in the development of SLE,the expression of autophagy related gene microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAPLC3) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was measured in patients with SLE.Methods The mRNA levels of LC3 in PBMCs from 56 SLE patients and 45 healthy individuals were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique.Autophagy in PBMCs was also determined by flow cytometry (FACs) in 20 SLE patients and 15 healthy controls.The correlation between LC3 mRNA expression and disease activity of SLE (SLEDAI) was then analyzed.Results The mRNA level of LC3 (RQ) in SLE patients was obviously downregulated compared with that in healthy population (1.30 ± 0.10 vs 1.35 ± 0.09; P =0.029),paralleled with the decreased autophagy rate detected by flow cytometry in PBMCs of SLE patients [(2.21 ± 1.07) % vs (9.91 ±4.01) % ;P =0.047].Moreover,LC3 mRNA expression level was negatively correlated with SLEDAI (r =-0.337,P =0.023).However,when the clinical features of 27 SLE patients with decreased LC3 mRNA expression (RQ < 1.351) were compared with those of other 29 SLE patients with normal or high LC3 mRNA expression (RQ > 1.351),increasing rates of arthritis,serositis,hematological abnormalities were noted in patients with decreased LC3 mRNA expression yet without statistically significance.However,there was a significant difference between two groups in the incidence of renal involvement (P =0.028).Conclusion The impaired autophagy due to dowrnregulated LC3 mRNA level in SLE patients indicates that autophagy plays a role in mediating the occurrence and development of SLE.
4.Isoflurane induces expression of vascular endothelial growth factor through activating protein kinase C in myocardial cells.
Zhi-gang LIU ; Zhong-yuan XIA ; Xiang-dong CHEN ; Tao LUO
Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2010;13(5):284-288
OBJECTIVEVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays important roles in establishing collateral circulation of ischemic myocardium. This study aimed to investigate the effect of isoflurane on VEGF expression and the potential intracellular signal transduction pathway in cultured rat myocardial cells in order to further reveal the molecular mechanism of myocardial preservation of isoflurane.
METHODSPrimary myocardial cells of Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated and cultured. They were divided randomly into control group, isoflurane group, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor group and PKC inhibitor+isoflurane group where cells were respectively incubated without any treatment, treated by 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane for 6 hours, by PKC inhibitor calphostin C at a final concentration of 50 nmol/L and by 50 nmol/L calphostin C+1.0 MAC isoflurane for 6 hours. VEGF expression was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the expression levels of PKC isoforms were determined by Western immunoblotting method.
RESULTSIsoflurane increased the VEGF expression in myocardial cells in a dose-dependent way. VEGF levels were significantly higher in 1.0 and 1.5 MAC isoflurane groups than in the control group (both P < 0.01). The effect of isoflurane on upregulating VEGF expression was blocked by PKC inhibitor calphostin C (P < 0.01), but calphostin C did not alter VEGF expression (P > 0.05). Isoflurane induced the activation and translocation of PKCε. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that the immunoreactivity of PKC ε increased significantly in the membrane fractions and deceased significantly in the kytoplasm fractions for cells treated with 1.0 MAC isoflurane as compared with the untreated cells, but not of PKC-α, PKC-δ and PKC-ζ (P less than 0.01).
CONCLUSIONIsoflurane induces myocardial cells to release VEGF through activating PKC-epsilon from the endochylema to the cytomembrane, suggesting a possible novel mechanism of isoflurane protecting myocardial cells.
Anesthetics, Inhalation ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Isoflurane ; pharmacology ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Protein Kinase C ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics
5.Structure and Anti-HIV Activity of Betulinic Acid Analogues
Qiu-Xia HUANG ; Hong-Fei CHEN ; Xing-Rui LUO ; Yin-Xiang ZHANG ; Xu YAO ; Xing ZHENG
Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Medical Sciences) 2018;38(3):387-397
Firstly discovered in 1980s,human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to affect more and more people.However,there is no effective drug available for the therapy of HIV infection.Betulinic acid existing in various medicinal herbs and fruits exhibits multiple biological effects,especially its outstanding anti-HIV activity,which has drawn the attentions of many pharmacists.Among the derivatives of betulinic acid,some compounds exhibited inhibitory activities at the nanomolar concentration,and have entered phase Ⅱ clinical trials.This paper summarizes the current investigations on the anti-HIV activity of betulinic acid analogues,and provides valuable data for subsequent researches.
6.Risk factors analysis of hyperthyroidism complicated hyperthyroid heart disease
Guan-feng, CHONG ; Jie, GAO ; Yu-qin, MA ; Hua-ju, LIANG ; Xia, ZHANG ; Xiao-hong, LUO ; You-zhang, XIANG
Chinese Journal of Endemiology 2011;30(2):211-213
Objective To study the risk factors of hyperthyroid heart diseases(HHD) by analyzing clinical features of patients in order to provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment of HHD. Methods Nine hundred and eighty two cases were selected as objective from in-patient data of Thyroid Disease Treatment Centre of Shandong Province. The cases were divided into hyperthyroidism group and HHD group. The variables of etiology,sex, age, duration of disease, TSH, FT3, FT4 and TRAb were analyzed by comparative analysis. The risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression. Results The prevalence of hyperthyroidism complicated hyperthyroid heart disease was 7.7%(76/982), age, duration of diseases, FT3, TRAb in the HHD group were [(51.4 ± 11.5), (6.3 ±2.1) years, 21.6 pmol/L, 71.6 U/L], in hyperthyroidism group were [(37.9 ± 9.8), (2.6 ± 1.3) years, 14.9pmol/L, 49.6 U/L]. The differences were statistically significant(u = 9.93,15.23, T = 44954,48792.5, P < 0.05)between the two groups. The factors of the older, higher FT3 and TRAb, longer duration, Graves disease (OR =1.751,1.470,1.483,1.445,1.234) increased the risk of HHD. Conclusions Graves disease, longer duration, old age, higher FT3 and TRAb are the risk factors of HHD. Timely prevention and control of risk factors is necessary to reduce the incidence of HHD.
7.Spastin gene mutation in Chinese patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia.
Guo-hua ZHAO ; Bei-sha TANG ; Wei LUO ; Kun XIA ; Mao-you ZHUANG ; Fan-bin KONG ; Xin-xiang YAN ; Han-xiang DENG ; Jian-feng XIAO ; Jia-hui XIA
Chinese Journal of Medical Genetics 2003;20(3):177-180
OBJECTIVETo investigate the mutation characteristics of spastin gene in Chinese patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and thus provide a basis for the gene diagnosis of HSP.
METHODSMutation of spastin gene was screened by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) combined with DNA direct sequencing in 31 unrelated affected HSP individuals in China, of whom 22 were from autosomal dominant families and 9 were sporadic HSP patients. Co-segregation analysis was carried out after the finding of abnormal SSCP bands.
RESULTSSix cases were found to have abnormal SCP bands, and among them, two missense mutations (T1258A, A1293G in exon 8) and one deletion mutation (1667delACT or 1668delCTA or 1669delTAC in exon 14) were found and all of them were not reported previously. They were all co-segregated with the disease and were localized within the functional domain of spastin gene. Besides, T1258A was seen in two unrelated families.
CONCLUSIONThe mutation rate (18.2%) in autosomal dominant HSP in Chinese patients is comparatively low. Point mutation is the major mutation type and exon 8 may be the mutation hot spot.
Adenosine Triphosphatases ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Introns ; Male ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Pedigree ; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary ; genetics ; Spastin
8.Killing effect of sequential Herceptin and adriamycin treatment on breast cancer cell line in vitro.
Ke TAN ; Yi-xiang FAN ; Jing-xia MIAO ; Cheng-wei LÜ ; Xiao YAN ; Rong-cheng LUO
Journal of Southern Medical University 2006;26(2):234-236
OBJECTIVETo observe the killing effect of Herceptin and adriamycin sequentially applied on breast cancer cell line in vitro.
METHODSBT-474 human breast cancer cells in exponential growth phase were treated with Herceptin alone, adriamycin alone and their sequential administration (Herceptin before adriamycin and vice versa), respectively. Under optical microscope, the morphological changes of the cells were observed before and after drug administration. The expression rate and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of HER-2/neu and cell death rate were detected by flow cytometry.
RESULTSMicroscopically, the cells treated with different protocols all exhibited such changes as darkening and increase of cellular debris with irregular cell morphology. Flow cytometry revealed no significant difference in the expression rate of HER-2/neu in each group before and after treatment, but the MFI of HER-2/neu and death rate of the treated cells were significant different from those of the control group (P<0.05). The cell death rate of Herceptin-pretreated cells was significantly higher than that of adriamycin-pretreated ones (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONHerceptin pretreatment enhances the killing effect of adriamycin on breast cancer cell line BT-474, which provides experimental evidence for designing clinical sequential biochemotherapy of breast cancer.
Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; pharmacology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Death ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; biosynthesis ; Trastuzumab
9.Bioassay of estrogenic activity of effluent and influent in a farm wastewater treatment plant using an in vitro recombinant assay with yeast cells.
Xiang-Ming LI ; Fang-Ni LUO ; Gui-Xia LIU ; Ping-Ting ZHU
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2008;21(5):381-388
OBJECTIVEEnvironmental estrogens at an elevated concentration are known to produce adverse effects on human and animal life. However, the majority of researches have been focused on industrial discharges, while the impact of livestock wastes as a source of endocrine disrupters in aquatic environments has been rarely elucidated. In order to investigate the contribution of environmental estrogens from livestock, the estrogenic activity in water samples from a farm wastewater treatment plant was analyzed by a recombinant yeast screening method.
METHODSThe extracts prepared from 15 selected water samples from the farm wastewater treatment plant, among which 6 samples were from pre-treatment section (influents) and 9 from post-treatment section (effluents), were analyzed for estrogenic activity by cellar bioassay. Yeast cells transfected with the expression plasmid of human estrogen receptor and the Lac Z reporter plasmid encoding beta-galactossidase, were used to measure the estrogen-like compounds in the farm wastewater treatment plant.
RESULTSThe wastewater samples from influents showed a higher estrogenic potency than the effluent samples showing a low induction of beta-galactossidase relative to solvent control condition. By comparison with a standard curve for 17 beta-estradiol (E2), estrogenic potency in water samples from the influents was calculated as E2-equivalent and ranged from 0.1 to 150 pM E2-equivalent. The estrogenic potency in water samples from the effluents was significantly lower than that in the influents, and 7 water samples had less detectable limit in the total of 9 samples.
CONCLUSIONYeast bioassay of estrogenic activity in most of the samples from the farm wastewater after disposal by traditional sewage treatment showed negative results.
Agriculture ; Biological Assay ; methods ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Estrogens ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Genetic Engineering ; Industrial Waste ; analysis ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; drug effects ; genetics ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; methods ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; analysis
10.Expression and clinical significance of androgen receptor in triple negative breast cancer.
Xiang LUO ; Yan-Xia SHI ; Zhi-Ming LI ; Wen-Qi JIANG
Chinese Journal of Cancer 2010;29(6):585-590
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEAndrogen receptor (AR) is involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, but its role is not clearly defined. This study was to explore the expression of AR and its relationship with clinicopathologic parameters in triple negative breast cancer (negative estrogen receptor, negative progesterone receptor, and negative Her-2).
METHODSImmunohistochemical assays were performed to determine the expression of AR in 137 cases of triple negative breast cancer and 132 cases of non-triple negative breast cancer. The relationships between AR expression and clinicopathologic data and prognosis were analyzed.
RESULTSThe positive rate of AR was significantly lower in triple negative breast cancer than in non-triple negative breast (27.7% vs. 83.3%, Chi2=83.963, P<0.001). AR expression was correlated with menorrheal status (Chi2=6.803, P=0.009), tumor grade (Chi2=5.173, P=0.023), node status (Chi2=7.787, P=0.005), 5-year disease-free survival (Chi2=5.012, P=0.025) and 5-year overall survival (Chi2=5.552, P=0.018) in triple negative breast cancer, but was not correlated with clinicopathologic parameters and survival in non-triple negative breast cancer. The 5-year overall survival rate was 78.8% in triple negative breast cancer and 83.3% in non-triple negative breast cancer.
CONCLUSIONSThe expression of AR is related to biological behaviors of triple negative breast cancer, and plays a role in endocrinotherapy and prognostic prediction.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Menopause ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Androgen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Survival Rate