The self-designed experimental teaching method is introduced in detail in this paper,including the preparative work before class,discussion of experimental designing proposal,and accomplishment of specific experiment and so on.The teaching method innovations on pathophysiology experiment are very helpful to cultivate the students' ability to solve practical problem and lay the foundation to cultivate talented medical science personal.

Objective To investigate the possible origin of ovarian epithelial inclusions and its relationship with the low-grade ovarian serous carcinoma.Methods By comparatively evaluating the morphologic (secretory and ciliated cell distribution ) and immunophenotypic [using paired box gene 8 (PAX8),tubulin,calretinin,and Ki-67 as first antibodies] attributes of ovarian epithelial inclusions,the normal tubal epithelium,and the ovarian tumors,all adnexal tissues from a total of 198 patients were studied,including 116 adnexae removed for non-neoplastic indications,53 serous cystadenomas,44 serous borderline tumors,and 41 low-grade serous carcinomas,which were collected from Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and University of Arizona in USA.Immunohistochemical single staining was used to detect the expressions of PAX8,tubulin,calretinin,and Ki-67 in the two groups,while immunohistochemical double staining of PAX8/calretinin was used to figure out the immunophenotype of various ovarian epithelial inclusions in a more intuitive way.Results With immunohistochemical single staining of PAX8 and calretinin,the vast majority (90％,54/60) of ovarian surface epithelia displayed a mesothelial phenotype [calretinin(+),PAX8 (-)],whereas 10％ (6/60)of the cases displayed foci with tubal phenotype [calretinin(-),PAX8 (+)].In contrast,most (79％,728/921 ) of the ovarian epithelial inclusions displayed a tubal phenotype,though 21％ (193/921) of the ovarian epithelial inclusions showed a mesothelial phenotype.It was further proved by immunohistochemical double staining of PAX8/ calretinin.Secretory and ciliated cells were found in the ovarian epithelial inclusions with tubal phenotype.There was a progressive increase in the secretory/ciliated cells ratio and proliferative index,from ovarian epithelial inclusions/cystadenomas to borderline tumors to low-grade serous carcinoma,according to the expression of tubulin and Ki-67.Conclusions The findings make a strong argument that the ovarian epithelial inclusions displaying a tubal phenotype with PAX8 (+),calretinin (-) is likely derived from fallopian tube rather than through Mullerian metaplasia from ovarian surface epithelium.The increasing trend of secretory/ciliated cells ratio and proliferative index from ovarian epithelial inclusions/cystadenomas to borderline tumors to low-grade serous carcinoma indicates that the latter is a clonal expansion of secretory cells.Genetic and molecular studies are needed to further confirm these findings.

Pancreatic cancer is malignant with a poor prognosis,and its incidence is rising worldwide in recent years.Multiple slices spiral computed tomography and computed angiography are the first choice for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,while misdiagnosis of pancreatic cancer still exists.From August 2009 to October 2011,80 patients with pancreatic or periampullary cancer were diagnosed using the medical image three dimensional visualization system (MI-3DVS).The threedimensional models of the liver,pancreas,vascular system and tumors were reconstructed successfully based on the 64-slice spiral computed tomography data.According to the analysis of the three dimensional models,4 patients underwent standard pancreaticoduodenectomy,1 received palliative surgery.MI3DVS plays an important role in the diagnosis and assessement of resectability of pancreatic and periampullary cancer.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of resveratrol on the oxidative stress and antioxidant levels of different mitochondrial subpopulations in the skeletal muscle and insulin sensitivity of rats fed with high-fat diet.MethodsMale SD rats,aged 8 weeks,were divided into normal chow (NC) group,high-fat diet(HF) group,high-fat diet plus resveratrol ( HFR ) group.After intervention for 8 weeks,the impacts of resveratrol on oxidative stress levels and antioxidant enzymes activities in subsarcolemmal ( SS ) and intermyofibrillar ( IMF ) mitochondria from skeletal muscle as well as general and skeletal mascle insulin sensitivity were assessed.ResultsCompared with NC group, insulin sensitivity was significantly reduced while reactiveoxygenspecies (ROS)and malondialdehyde(MDA) levels in SS and IMF mitochondria increased in HF group ( all P＜0.01 ).In addition,antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly decreased in SS mitochondrial and increased in IMF mitochondrial ( both P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with HF group,the insulin sensitivity in HFR group was significantly improved.Moreover,the activities of antioxidant enzymes in SS and IMF mitochondrial were increased,and the oxidative stress levels returned to normal ( P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionResveratrol notably improves the oxidative stress of different skeletal muscle mitochondrial subpopulations and insulin resistance in rats fed with high-fat diet.

Intracranial atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of ischemic stroke and occurs more commonly in patients of Asian, African or Hispanic origin than in Caucasians. Although the histopathology of intracranial atherosclerotic disease resembles extracranial atherosclerosis, there are some notable differences in the onset and severity of atherosclerosis. Current understanding of intracranial atherosclerotic disease has been advanced by the high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI), a novel emerging imaging technique that can directly visualize the vessel wall pathology. However, the pathological validation of HRMRI signal characteristics remains a key step to depict the plaque components and vulnerability in intracranial atherosclerotic lesions. The purpose of this review is to describe the histological features of intracranial atherosclerosis and to state current evidences regarding the validation of MR vessel wall imaging with histopathology.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Atherosclerosis ; Autopsy ; Hispanic Americans ; Humans ; Intracranial Arteriosclerosis* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Microscopy* ; Pathology ; Stroke

Objective:To stablish of chemiluminescent Southern blot detection system for examining HBV DNA replication intermediates in HepG2.2.15,and analyse the inhibition of HBV replication with three kind of drugs with different targets.Methods:The HBV DNA replication intermediates were extracted and analyzed by Southern blot with HBV probe,which(pTHBV1047) was labelling with digoxigenin.The results of the hybridization were detected by chemiluminescent,and the condition of hybridization was optimized.After treated with lamivudine,Bay41-4109,?-Galcer in different concentration,the HBV DNA from the HepG2215 cells were detected with the system.Results:the sensitivity of the system was 1pg of pTHBV1047,and HBV specific positive signals was detected with the DNA from HepG2.2.15.The three kinds of drugs can inhibit the HBV replication obviously with chemiluminescent Southern blot detection system,the IC50 were 1.53?mol/L,0.41?mol/L,0.01?mol/L.Conclusion:The HBV replication intermediates from the cell of HepG2.2.15 can reflect the antiviral effect accurately with different targets drugs and this mothod would be used in the study of Chinese-midicine.

dation, transiently inercasod food efficiency,and a faster growth rate of visceral adipose tissue versus body weight after nutritional rehabilitation. These findings are consistent with the characteristics of human catch-up growth.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of adult catch-up growth on insulin sensitivity and stress in rats, as well as the probable mechanism of insulin resistance. MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups:caloric restriction group ( R4, caloric restriction for 4 weeks) and normal controls for 4 weeks ( NC4 ) ; catchup growth group refed with normal chow( RN4, refeeding for 4 weeks after caloric restriction for 4 weeks), catch-up growth group refed with high-fat diet( RH4, refeeding for 4 weeks after caloric restriction for 4 weeks ), normal chow (NC8) or high-fat diet( HF8 ) controls for 8 weeks. The animal model of catch-up growth was devoloped by way of refeeding after caloric restriction as scheduled. The glucose infusion rate( GIR ), 2-deoxyglucose uptake and insulinsitmulated insulin signaling in skeletal muscle during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, plasma corticosterone, and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 ( 11β-HSD1 ) mRNA expression level in skeletal muscle were determined.ResultsAfter caloric restriction for 4 weeks, plasma corticosterone and 1 1 β-HSD1 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle were significantly higher in R4 group compared with NC4 group( both P＜0. 05 ), but there were no differences in 2-deoxyglucose uptake and Ser473 phosphorylation of Akt in skeletal muscle between two groups. The plasma corticosterone and 11β-HSD1 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle in RN4 group were significantly higher than those in NC8 group, and were higher in RH4 group than those in NC8 and HF8 groups; while the 2-deoxyglucose uptake and insulin-stimulated Ser473 phosphorylation of Akt in skeletal muscle during the clamp in RN4 were remarkably lower than those in NC8 group, and were lower in RH4 than those in NC8, HF8, and RN4 groups (all P ＜ 0. 05 ).ConctusionsCatch-up growth rats refed with normal chow or high-fat diet are characterized by significant insulin resistance and stress in the whole body and skeletal muscle. These changes are more evident in catch-up growth rats refed with high-fat diet. The interaction of increased stress and diet might be of utmost importance in the etiology of insulin resistance in catch-up growth animals.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate characteristics of molecular etiology of children with profound sensorineural hearing loss in Hubei province, and to provide reference for deafness treatment and genetic counseling. METHOD: Three hundred and six children with profound sensorineural hearing loss in Hubei province were enrolled, their genomic DNA were extracted from peripheral blood and a deafness gene test chip was used to screen nine hot spot mutation in the GJB2, GJB3, SLC26A4, and mitochondria 12SrRNA gene. All patients with SLC26A4 gene mutation were given temporal bone CT scan. RESULT: One hundred and thirty-two (43.14%) out of 306 children were found carrying at least one pathogenic gene mutation. The mutation rates of GJB2, SLC26A4 and mitochondria DNA 12SrRNA gene were 29.41% (90/306), 13.72% (42/306) and 0.65% (2/306), respectively. None out of 306 children was detected GJB3 gene mutation. Thirty-six patients carrying SLC26A4 gene mutation were detected enlarged vestibular aqueduct by CT scan. CONCLUSION Mutations of GJB2 and SLC26A4 gene are two major pathogenic gene for genetic hearing loss in children. 235delC mutation is the main mutation type, followed by IVS7-2A> G mutation type. The screening of SLC26A4 gene common mutations contribute to the diagnosis of enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Connexin 26 ; Connexins ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Deafness ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; genetics ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Sulfate Transporters

Actins ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Giant Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Osteoclasts ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vimentin ; metabolism