OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of propofol on brain regions at different sedation levels and the association between changes in brain region activity and loss of consciousness using blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) and bispectral index (BIS) monitoring.

METHODSForty-eight participants were enrolled at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from October 2011 to March 2012 and randomly assigned to a mild or a deep sedation group using computer- generated random numbers. Preliminary tests were performed a week prior to scanning to determine target effect site concentrations based on BIS and concomitant Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scores while under propofol. Within one week of the preliminary tests where propofol dose-response was established, BOLD-fMRI was conducted to examine brain activation with the subject awake, and with propofol infusion at the sedation level.

RESULTSMild propofol sedation inhibited left inferior parietal lobe activation. Deep sedation inhibited activation of the left insula, left superior temporal gyrus, and right middle temporal gyrus. Compared with mild sedation, deep propofol sedation inhibited activation of the left thalamus, precentral gyrus, anterior cingulate, and right basal nuclei.

CONCLUSIONMild and deep propofol sedation are associated with inhibition of different brain regions, possibly explaining differences in the respective loss of consciousness processes.

Adult ; Brain ; drug effects ; Consciousness Monitors ; Deep Sedation ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; pharmacology ; Male ; Propofol ; pharmacology

[ ABSTRACT] AIM: To detect basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) expression in clinical common malignant tumor ( non-small-cell lung cancer,breast cancer, colon cancer and melanoma) , and to identify relationship between the expression and tumor clinicopathological characteristics.METHODS:Immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the expression of bFGF at protein level in 208 cases of paraffin-embedded tissue of primary malignant tumor patients ( 68 cases of lung cancer, 80 cases of breast carcinoma, 41 cases of colon cancer and 19 cases of melanoma) .RESULTS:The bFGF protein expression levels were significantly higher in low differentiated non-small-cell lung cancer with lymph node metastasis, and were positively correlated with TNM.In addition, no significant influence of the bFGF protein expression on the patients with median survival period was observed.The protein expression of bFGF was higher in advanced breast cancer with lymph node metastasis and was commonly found in the middle/higher differentiated colon cancer with regional lymph node metastasis.Meanwhile, bFGF protein was highly expressed in advanced melanoma patients with lymph node metastasis.CONCLUSION:bFGF may participate in the process of occurrence and progression of malignant tumor.Ex-pression of bFGF protein may be an effective parameter for evaluating metastasis and prognosis of malignant tumor.

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy of ondansetron and granisetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in high-risk patients.

METHODSTotally 200 patients with three key risk factors for PONV (female, non-smoking and postoperative opioid use) were equally randomized into ondansetron group and granisetron group. Ondansetron (4 mg) or granisetron (3 mg) was intravenously administered upon the completion of surgery. The episodes of nausea and vomiting were observed for 24 hours after surgery.

RESULTSA significantly greater proportion of patients in granisetron group achieved a complete response (i.e., no PONV or rescue medication) during the first 24 hours postoperatively versus those in ondansetron group (62.6% vs. 46.9%, respectively; P=0.048). There were no significant differences in terms of postoperative nausea incidences (42.9% vs. 34.3%, respectively), postoperative vomiting incidences (25.5% vs. 20.2%, respectively) and postoperative rescue anti-emetics incidences (19.4% vs. 15.2%, respectively) (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONGranisetron is more effective than ondansetron in preventing PONV in high-risk patients during the first 24 hours postoperatively.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antiemetics ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Granisetron ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ondansetron ; therapeutic use ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; prevention & control ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze the genetic relations of Shigella isolated from Shenzhen in 2001-2006 and develop primary molecular subtyping surveillance network of Shigella.

METHODSChromosomal DNAs from 55 isolated in agarose were digested with the restriction enzyme Xba I, and then were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns were clustered using BioNumerics software.

RESULTSAll 41 distinctive PFGE patterns were identified among 55 strains. 32 strains belonged to one cluster. Differences were observed in other strains.

CONCLUSIONBoth genetic-related clones and non-related clones of Shigella existed in Shenzhen. The development of PFGE molecular subtyping surveillance network would contribute to the active surveillance, outbreak investigation and source tracking for Shigellosis.

Bacterial Typing Techniques ; China ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; methods ; Feces ; microbiology ; Humans ; Shigella ; classification ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study the psychedelic effects in healthy volunteers when given subanesthetic dose of ketamine.

METHODSThirteen male healthy volunteers aged 24-39 years were enrolled. All subjects received subanesthetic doses of ketamine using target control infusion. A stepwise series of target plasma concentrations (0, 100, 200, and 300 ng/ml) were maintained for 20 minutes each. Visual analogue scale (VAS) of mechanical pain by von Frey hair was evaluated, and then the volunteers completed a VAS rating of 13 symptom scales. Pictures were shown to them at the same time. Heart rate, mean blood pressure, and SpO2 were monitored throughout the infusion.

RESULTSDuring the process of analgesia, ketamine produced dose-related analgesic effects. With the increase of ketamine dose, some psychedelic effects became more obvious and the memory impairment became worse stepwisely.

CONCLUSIONTarget control infusion of subanesthetic doses of ketamine produce obvious psychedelic effects in healthy volunteers.

Adult ; Anesthetics, Dissociative ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hallucinations ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Ketamine ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Male

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy of different 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonists in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing general anesthesia.

METHODSTotally 360 patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I - II, aged 18-75 years, and having received elective operation with endotracheal intubation general anesthesia, were randomly divided into three double-blind groups: ondansetron group, tropisetron group, and granisetron group, with 120 patients in each group. Before anesthesia induction, patients were intravenously given ondansetron (4 mg), tropisetron (5 mg), or granisetron (3 mg), respectively. The episodes of nausea and vomiting were recorded for 24 hours after operation.

RESULTSNo significant differences were observed in the terms of complete inhibition rate of PONV among ondansetron group (70.0%), tropisetron group (68.6%), and granisetron group (72.9%) within 24 hours postoperatively (P >0.05), and so did postoperative nausea incidences (22.5%, 25.4%, and 20.3%, respectively), and postoperative vomiting incidences (10.0%, 13.6%, and 8.5%, respectively) (P > 0.05). No remarked antiemetic-related adverse effects were observed within 24 hours postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONIntravenous ondansetron (4 mg), tropisetron (5 mg), or granisetron (3 mg) before anesthesia induction can prevent PONV with similar efficacy and safety.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anesthesia, General ; adverse effects ; Antiemetics ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Granisetron ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Indoles ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ondansetron ; therapeutic use ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Young Adult

In order to establish the stable andreliable ISSR-PCR System of Lysimachia christinae, L16 (4(5)) orthogonal design, which based on 7 levels of single factor experiment, were used in this study. The variance analysis was carried out by SPSS 19.0, and 5 main factors affecting the reaction system were optimized in 4 levels. The best annealing temperature was selected by the optimized reaction system. And the stability and reliability of this system was tested by 23 samples from different origins. The results showed that the five factors (DNA template, primer, dNTP, Mg2+ and Taq enzyme) were the most impacts on the amplified results of ISSR-PCR of L. christinae. The order of the influence was: primer > Taq enzyme > DNA template > Mg2+ > dNTP. The optimal system, which was determined by multiple comparison on different levels of each factor, was total volume of 25 microL, including DNA template 60 ng, primer 0.3 micromol x L(-1), dNTP 0.2 mmol x L(-1), Mg2+ 1.8 mmol x L(-1), Taq enzyme 1.25 U. The optimal system was stable and reliable tested by 23 samples from different origins. This study lays the foundation for genetic diversity analysis, fine varieties selection and molecular identification of L. christinae, and provides reference for optimization on ISSR-PCR system of other speciesin future.
DNA Primers ; genetics ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; classification ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Primulaceae ; classification ; genetics ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo investigate the rule of lymph-node metastasis in gastric cardia cancer and the rational extent of lymph node dissection.

METHODSClinicopathological data of 77 patients with gastric cardia cancer were reviewed and the relationship between extent of lymph-node dissection and prognosis was analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTS(1) The lymph node metastasis rates were 64.9% for N(1), 14.3% for N(2) and 10.4% for N(3). (2) No lymph node metastasis was detected in T(1) stage tumor and maximum diameter of less than 2.0 cm. The lymph node metastasis rates were 20% for T(2), 68.2% for T(3) and 82.8% for T(4) respectively. (3) Lymph node No.1, 3, 2 were often involved in the metastasis of lymph node group 1, and No.7, 8, 10, 9 in Group 2. In lymph node group 3, lymph node metastasis rates were 6.5% for No.5, 1.3% for No.6, 1.3% for No.16 and 2.6% for No.107-110. (4) The five-year survival rates were 36.5% for D(3), 31.3% for D(2), and 22.7% for D(1) lymphadenectomy respectively. The survival rates of patients undergone D(2) and D(3) lymphadenectomy were significantly higher than that undergone D(1) dissection (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIOND(2) or more than D(2) lymphadenectomy associated with enlargement of esophageal hiatus via laparotomy, lower partial esophagectomy and total gastrectomy is able to achieve surgical resectability and improve the survival rate of gastric cardia cancer patients.

Cardia ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery

Objective To investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of gene promoter region INS 5′UTR single nu-cleotide and type 2 diabetes and serum IAA-Ab levels.Methods By Sequenom MassArray SNP genotyping detection technology, INS 3 pyomter regime single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs689,rs714641 77 and rs3842738)of 497 patients in Chongqing with type 2 diabetes cases(treatment group)and 500 cases(control group)were genotyped and analyzed.IAA-Ab levels in diabetes patients was detected.Theχ2 test statistic was used to analyze the treatment group and control groups.The genotype frequency distribution of IAA-Ab-positive and negative groups SNP was analyzed by non-conditional logistic regression,adjusted for sex,age impact,cal-culated the odds ratio (OR)and 95 % confidence interval(CI ).The polymorphic loci with type 2 diabetes susceptibility and serum GAD-Ab levels was evaluated.Results The genotype frequency distribution of rs689AA,TT and AT was 58.75%,28.77% and 12.47%,respectively.The control group are 50.40%,35.60% and 14.00% respectively.The difference was statistically significant (χ2 =3.923,P <0.05).Compared with the genotype of AA,TT genotype can decrease risky of diabetes,with OR values 0.35(95%CI :0.18-1.06).There was significant difference of AA,TT,AT genotypes between IAA-Ab negative and IAA-Ab positive pa-tients (P < 0.05 ).Conclusion INS polymorphisms might be related to the risky of type 2 diabetes and serum IAA-Ab level in chinses population.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of stellate ganglion block (SGB) on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs).

METHODSThirty-two 10-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs) were assigned randomly into four groups: left stellate ganglion block group(Group LS), right stellate ganglion block group(Group RS), captopril group(Group D) and control group(Group C). Arterial systolic blood pressure(SBP) was measured, and endothelin (ET-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) in blood vessels were detected by radioimmunoassay.

RESULTSCompared with baseline value, the blood pressure of Group LS gradually increased significantly (P<0.05 or P <0.01); however, the blood pressure of Group RS was stable(P >0.05) and increased only at week 2(P <0.05).The blood pressure of Group D decreased significantly at week 2 and week 4, and it remained stable compared with baseline value (P<0.05). The blood pressure of Group C gradually increased at weeks 2-10, compared with baseline values (P <0.01). Compared with Group LS and Group C, the expression of eNOS in blood vessels of Group RS significantly increased (P <0.05), and ET-1 decreased (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe right stellate ganglion block can significantly lower blood pressure, down-regulate ET-1 and up-regulate eNOS protein expression.

Animals ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; Male ; Nerve Block ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Stellate Ganglion