Transcatheter adrenal artery embolization(TAAE)is a minimally-invasive interventional treatment for adrenal diseases.Perioperative pain occurs mainly during and after operation.The standardized management of perioperative pain can reduce the occurrence of intraoperative adverse reactions,improve the degree of intraoperative cooperation,better the postoperative quality of life,thus,to improve patient satisfaction with interventional surgery.However,current researches among the healthcare staff mainly focus on the safety and efficacy of TAAE while neglect the standardized pain management during the perioperative period.Therefore,in order to improve the surgical efficacy of TAAE and optimize the perioperative surgical experience of patients,it is necessary to formulate a standardized pain management strategy and to apply this strategy in clinical practice.This paper aims to make a comprehensive review about the current situation of perioperative pain occurrence and pain management strategies in TAAE therapy,so as to provide reference for standardizing the perioperative pain management of interventional surgery,and improving the success rate of interventional surgery as well as the patient satisfaction with the treatment.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:679-683)

Objective: Schizophrenia is a complex and devastating psychiatric disorder with a strong genetic background. However, much uncertainty still exists about the role of genetic susceptibility in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. TEA domain transcription factor 1 (TEAD1) is a transcription factor associated with neurodevelopment and has modulating effects on various nervous system diseases. In the current study, we performed a case–control association study in a Northeast Chinese Han population to explore the characteristics of pathogenic TEAD1 polymorphisms and potential association with schizophrenia. Methods: We recruited a total of 721 schizophrenia patients and 1,195 healthy controls in this study. The 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene region of TEAD1 were selected and genotyped. Results: The genetic association analyses showed that five SNPs (rs12289262, rs6485989, rs4415740, rs7113256, and rs1866709) were significantly different between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls in allele or/and genotype frequencies. After Bonferroni correction, the association of three SNPs (rs4415740, rs7113256, and rs1866709) with schizophrenia were still evident. Haplotype analysis revealed that two strong linkage disequilibrium blocks (rs6485989-rs4415740-rs7113256 and rs16911710-rs12364619-rs1866709) were globally associated with schizophrenia. Four haplotypes (C-C-C and T-T-T, rs6485989-rs4415740-rs7113256; G-T-A and G-T-G, rs16911710-rs12364619-rs1866709) were significantly different between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Conclusion The current findings indicated that the human TEAD1 gene has a genetic association with schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population and may act as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia.

Cavernous nerve injury is an important cause of erectile dysfunction (ED). Although protective nerve technology has been widely used in nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (nsRP), the incidence of ED is still very high after surgery. The purpose of our study was to evaluate erectile function (EF) and penile length in the non-erectile state (PLNES) following scheduled phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5i), vacuum erectile device (VED) treatment, and combination therapy after nsRP. One hundred patients with localized prostate cancer and normal EF were randomized to scheduled PDE5i group, VED treatment group, a combined treatment group, and the control group without any intervention. The International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) scores and PLNES were evaluated after 6 months and 12 months of treatment. Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP-Question 2 and SEP-Question 3) were evaluated after 12 months of treatment. Ninety-one of the 100 randomized patients completed the study. We found that the 5 mg tadalafil once a day (OaD) combined with VED can help improve IIEF-5 scores in nsRP patients after both 6 months and 12 months. VED alone or combined with tadalafil OaD can help patients maintain PLNES. VED combined with tadalafil OaD can improve the rate of successful penetration (SEP-Question 2) after 12 months. There were no significant differences in the return to target EF after 12 months among the groups. No significant correlation was noted between the variables and return to target EF (IIEF ≥ 17), and between the variables and effective shortening of the patient's penis (shortening ≥ 1 cm) after 12 months of intervention.
Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ; Prospective Studies ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Tadalafil ; Treatment Outcome ; Vacuum

ObjectivesTo investigate the protein expressions of toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4） and myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88） in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） and their relationship to the related pathological factors and the clinical significance. MethodsTotally 72 ESCC specimens and paracancerous normal tissue specimens were selected. EnVision immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the protein expression levels of TLR4， MyD88， proliferating cell nucleus antigen （PCNA） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in ESCC and in paracancerous normal tissue， and Multivariate Logistic stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze their expressions and clinicopathological factors. ResultsThe protein expressions of TLR4， MyD88， PCNA and VEGF in ESCC were significantly higher than those in normal tissues （P=0.031，P=0.011，P=0.012，P=0.022）. Multivariate Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors of TLR4， MyD88， PCNA and VEGF protein expression levels were TNM stage （P=0.032，P=0.005， P=0.000， P=0.003）， rather than the genders， ages， depth of tumor invasion， or degree of differentiation. There was a positive correlation between the protein expressions of TLR4 and MyD88 in ESCC （r= 0.618， P˂0.01）. The protein expressions of MyD88 and PCNA， MyD88 and VEGF were positively correlated （r= 0.516， P˂0.01； r= 0.708， P˂0.01）. ConclusionsTNM stage is an independent risk factor of the protein expression levels of TLR4， MyD88， PCNA and VEGF， and the expression of MyD88 protein is positively correlated with expression of TLR4， PCNA and VEGF. It indicates that TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway can promote the occurrence and development of ESCC. The combined detection of TLR4 and MyD88 may be helpful to evaluate the malignant degree of ESCC. Therefore， TLR-MyD88 signaling pathway may be used as an important biological indicator to reflect the prognosis of ESCC and an important target of anti ESCC.

Objective To investigate the effect of Wnt5a on inducing differentiation of Cp15-5a cell to myocardial cell.Methods Recombinant adenovirus wnt5a (Ad-wnt5a) and Ad-GFP was amplified with human embryo kidney 293 cells (HEK293 cells),and then transfected into CP15-5a cells and 3 experiment groups were set up:wnt5a group,GFP group and blank control group.Flow cytometry was used to detect the transfection efficiency of Ad-wnt5a and Ad-GFP.One week after transfection,the expressions of genes GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) and myocardial enhancement factor 2C (MEF2C) were analyzed by realtime quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR).Two weeks after transfection,the expressions of cardiac-specific connexin 43 (Cx43) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) in Ad-wnt5a-induced CP15-5a cells were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence techniques.The sodium current expression (INa) was detected by whole cell patch clamp techniques.Results The transfection efficiency of Ad-wnt5a and Ad-GFP was 42.8％ and 44.3％,respectively.One week after transduction,the expressions of GATA4 and MEF2C were significantly higher in wnt5a group (1.717 ± 0.220 and 1.847 ± 0.190) than in GFP group (1.003 ± 0.087 and 0.456 ± 0.042,P＜0.05) and blank control group (0.961 ± 0.063 and 0.500 ± 0.095,P＜0.05),while no significant difference existed between GFP group and blank control group.Two weeks after transduction,the expressions of CX43 and cTnT were significantly higher in wnt5a group (1.597 ± 0.267 and 0.727 ± 0.100) than in GFP group (0.723 ± 0.047 and 0.217 ± 0.021,P＜0.05) and blank control group (0.783 ± 0.1333 and 0.253 ± 0.102,P＜0.01),while no significant difference existed between GFP group and blank control group.INa was detected in the wnt5a group compared with GFP group and blank control group.Conclusion wnt5a may induce differentiation of cp 15-5a cell into myocardial cell.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of premature rupture of the membrane (PROM) on neonatal complications in premature infants.

METHODSThe registration information of 7684 preterm infants with gestational age <37 weeks were collected from the cooperative units in the task group between January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014. Specially trained personnel from each cooperative units filled in the unified form in a standardized format to record the gender, gestational age, birth weight, PROM, placental abruption, antenatal corticosteroid, Apgar score, amniotic fluid pollution, and complications of the infants. The data were analyzed comparatively between the cases with PROM and those without (control).

RESULTSThe preterm mortality rate was significantly lower but the incidences of ICH, NEC, ROP and BPD were significantly higher in PROM group than in the control group (P<0.05). The 95% confidence interval of the OR value was <1 for mortality, and was >1 for ICH, NEC, ROP and BPD. After adjustment for gestational age, birth weight, gender, mode of delivery, placental abruption, placenta previa, prenatal hormones, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational period hypertension and 5-min Apgar score <7, the incidences of NEC, ROP and BPD were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05) with 95% confidence interval of OR value >1, but the mortality rate and incidence of ICH were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONPROM is a risk factor for NEC, ROP and BPD in preterm infants, and adequate intervention of PROM can reduce the incidences of such complications as NEC, ROP and BPD in the infants.

Apgar Score ; Birth Weight ; Female ; Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture ; pathology ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases ; etiology ; Infant, Premature ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors

Mitsugumin 53 (MG53), also named Trim72, is a multi-functional TRIM-family protein, which is abundantly expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle. It has been shown that MG53 not only plays important physiological roles but also acts as a crucial pathogenic factor of various diseases. First, MG53 preserves cardiac and skeletal muscle integrity via facilitating plasma membrane repair. Second, MG53 is essentially involved in cardiac ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning by activating PI3K-Akt-GSK3β and ERK1/2 cell survival signaling pathways. Moreover, systemic delivery of recombinant MG53 is able to abolish mechanic or ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury of multiple organs, including heart, skeletal muscle, lung, kidney and skin. Importantly, MG53 acts as an E3 ligase to mediate the degradation of insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1, and subsequently induces insulin resistance and metabolic diseases such as type-2 diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. In addition, MG53 negatively regulates myogenesis. As a potential therapeutic target of human diseases, multiple facets of MG53 biological function and mechanisms of action should be taken into the consideration to maximize its beneficial effects and minimize potential side-effects. Here in this review, we intend to comprehensively summarize the current progresses on the biological functions of MG53, focusing on its clinical value as a therapeutic target.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Carrier Proteins ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Signal Transduction

Objective To investigate the lowering blood pressure effect of aquatic extraction of Fructus Corni Officinalis Core ( AEFCOC ) , and to study the underlying mechanisms.Methods Renal hypertension was induced by two kidney two clip method (2K2C), and blood pressure was dynamic recording.Isolated rat thoracic aorta rings were performed in or-gan bath , and the tention was record.Results Compared with sham -operated group , the blood pressure was markedly elevated in model groups , while AEFCOC treatment for 4 weeks could relieve hypertention.AEFCOC (0.03,0.1,0.3,1,2 mg· mL-1 ) concentration dependently caused endothelium -dependent relaxation in vessels precontracted with phenylephrine (PE), which was abolished by either 1 ×10 -4 mol· L-1 NG-nitro -L -arginine methyl ester ( L -NAME ) or 1 ×10 -5 mol· L-1 COX inhibitor indomethacin ( Indo) ( P<0.05 ).On de-en-dothelialized vessels precontracted with PE , AEFCOC 2 mg · mL-1 caused it relaxation.Conclusion AEFCOC could significantly decrease the blood pressure in dose -dependent manner , which is possibly associ-ated with vasodilator action.AEFCOC could relax the rat thoracic aorta rings mainly with endothelium -dependent manner , involving the NO -GC pathway and COX pathway in vascular endothelium cells.

OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of berberine (Ber) on norepinephrine (NE)-induced apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.

METHODSThe cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with NE in the presence or absence of Ber. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the culture medium was examined, and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was assessed by Hoechst 33258, isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated annexin-V, and propidine iodide (PI) staining. In addition, the activities of caspases-2 and-3 were measured by a fluorescent assay kit. The level of secreted tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also determined.

RESULTSNE at a concentration of 50 μ mol/L induced an obvious increase in the activity of LDH in the culture medium (P<0.05), which was inhibited by coincubation with 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 μ mol/L Ber (P<0.05). Ber also significantly attenuated NE-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). Moreover, Ber at a dose of 2 μ mol/L markedly decreased the ROS and TNF-α productions (P <0.05) and inhibited the activation of caspases-2 and -3 in cardiomyocytes exposed to NE (P<0.05)h.

CONCLUSIONThe present study suggested that Ber could reduce NE-induced apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes through inhibiting the ROS-TNF-α-caspase signaling pathway.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Annexin A5 ; metabolism ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Berberine ; pharmacology ; Caspase 2 ; metabolism ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspases ; metabolism ; Cell Nucleus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cell Shape ; drug effects ; DNA ; metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; drug effects ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; enzymology ; pathology ; Norepinephrine ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo compare the effects of 8-prenylnaringenin (PNG) and naringenin (NG) on the activity and apoptosis of osteoclasts cultured in vitro, in order to study physiological activity of 8-prenyl perssad.

METHODOsteoclasts were separated from long-limb bones of newly born rabbits, cultured in alpha-MEM containing 10% FBS, and then added with PNG and NG with the concentration of 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1). They were stained with TRAP and determined for enzymatic activity with TRAP after 4 d, and analyzed by toluidine blue staining after 7 d. The apoptotic osteoclasts were analyzed by Annexin V-FITC staining after 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours, to observe their apoptosis. Their total RNAs were extracted, and analyzed for TRAP and Cathepsin K expressions by Real-time RT-PCR.

RESULTCompared with the control group, both of the PNG group and the NG group showed much less osteoclasts (TRAP positive cells), lower TRAP activity and TRAP and Cathepin K (CTSK) expression, and smaller number of bone resorption pits and areas. The PNG group show lower indexes than the NG group. Additionally, the PNG group reached the apoptotic peak of osteoclasts at 12 h after drug administration, whereas the NG group reached after 24 h. And the former had more apoptotic cells than the latter.

CONCLUSION8-PNG is much more active than NG in inhibiting the resorption of osteoclasts and inducing apoptosis of osteoclasts. Their only difference lies in 8-prenyl perssad, which is proved to be able to enhance the anti-bone resorption activity of 8-prenylnarigenin.

Acid Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Bone Resorption ; prevention & control ; Cathepsin K ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Flavanones ; pharmacology ; Osteoclasts ; drug effects ; Rabbits