The most common forms of treatment for amblyopia are occlusion therapy and pharmacologic penalization. But these methods can not recover all the visual deficits of amblyopes and there are some disadvantages of the treatment which need to be considered, including adverse effects, compliance and social stigma. Recently, some novel approaches are investigated for improving the effectiveness and compliance of treatment for amblyopia.

This paper gives a brief introduction of the significance and background of the digital pictures' database in CQMU.It introduces its design methods,realization approaches,and solutions to the pictures' patent claim.Meanwhile this paper also han- dles its functions in editing pictures online,indexing pictures off line and its management.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Barium ; poisoning ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Objective To establish an assay for the detection of Torque teno sus virus ( TTSuV) strains and to analyze its preliminary application to biologics.Methods Primers and probe were designed according to the conserved sequences.A fluorescent PCR assay for the detection of TTSuV strains was estab-lished.Several parameters including the specificity, linearity, accuracy, sensitivity and anti-interference of the established assay were verified.The fluorescent PCR assay was performed to detect the samples of por-cine blood, cell substrate and rotavirus vaccine.The porcine blood samples positive for TTSuV strains were further genotyped.Results The established fluorescent PCR assay was confirmed to have high specificity as no cross-reactions with parvovirus virus of various species, SV40 and porcine circovirus strains were detec-ted.The linear range of the assay was 1×109-1×103 copies/μl for TTSuV1 genotype and 1×109-1×102 cop-ies/μl for TTSuV2 genotype with a R2 value more than 0.993.The sensitivity of the fluorescent PCR assay was 1×103 copies/μl for TTSuV1 genotype and 1×102 copies/μl for TTSuV2 genotype.The intra-and inter-CVs were both less than 7%in Ct values and less than 25% and 45% respectively in copies.No interfer-ence was found in the detection of TTSuV nucleic acids from cell samples.8 out of 20 porcine blood samples were positive for TTSuV strains, among which one sample was positive for TTSuV1 genotype, four samples were positive for TTSuV2 genotype and the rest were positive for both TTSuV1 and TTSuV2 genotypes.Com-pared with the reference strain, strains genotyped as TTSuV1 and TTSuV2 were respectively shared 98%-99%and 98%homologies in sequences.All of the cell substrate and rotavirus vaccine samples detected by the fluorescent PCR assay were negative for TTSuV strains.Conclusion The fluorescent PCR assay for the detection of TTSuV was established successfully, the application of which would further improve the safety of biologics.

Objective: Chinese yam (Shanyao in Chinese, SY) as one of the representatives for Chinese medicines can be used as both of medicine and food with rich nutritional and medicinal value. Most of Chinese herbal medicines need to be processed prior to be used in clinical practice. SY was divided into Maoshanyao (Hairy Shanyao, MSY) and Guangshanyao (Smooth Shanyao, GSY) based on different processing methods at the place of origin, and it also could be processed as stir-fried SY and bran stir-fried SY to meet the different clinical use. Moreover, during the processing of Chinese herbal medicines, more complicated Maillard reaction occurs compared to food processing. Therefore, the objective of this research is to quantify the firepower of SY processing, and combined this with the relevant parameters of Maillard reaction. Methods: The MSY and GSY produced in Shanxi and Henan Provinces were chosen as the research objects. By using thermal analysis technology, we first established the correlation between pyrolysis and processing of SY and its mixtures. We also quantified the firepower of Shaoyao processing, and combined this with the relevant parameters of Maillard reaction (pH value, amino acid, and 5-HMF) and the changes in medicinal ingredients (allantoin). Results: The SY was mainly fried with moderate-fire (190 °C−200 °C), and the starting temperatures of different SY–ingredient mixtures were (176.3 ± 5.33) °C for (honey) bran, and (205.9 ± 8.05) °C for rice. The upper limits of processing temperature were (289.9 ± 6.47) °C for (honey) bran and (298.9 ± 1.15) °C for rice. The cooking time was (10.80 ± 1.76) min for soil stir-fry, (10.31 ± 1.06) min for bran stir-fry, and (8.43 ± 0.68) min for rice stir-fry. Moreover, the pH values and the content of 5-HMF were increased (P < 0.001), while the content of glycine was decreased significantly (P < 0.001) after processing. Conclusion: The results verified and quantified the firepower of traditional processing of SY, and also provided scientific reference for other studies related to SY processing.

Objective: By HPLC, to explore the differences of adjuvants for the changes of chemical components of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata during process by steamed for nine times and shined for nine times. Methods: HPLC was conducted on a Hypersil GOLD aQ C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm), flow rate was 1 mL/min, and the column temperature was 25℃. With the mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid water (1:99), the detection wavelength was 210 nm (catalpol), 203 nm (rehmannioside A, rehmannioside D, and leonuride), acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid water (3:97 and 4:96); 334 nm (actecosode), acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid water (16:84), and 284 nm (5-HMF), acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid water (11:89). Sugars was conducted on an Accurasil NH2 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with the mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid water (72:28), flow rate was 1 mL/min, the column temperature was 25℃. The detector was ELSD, Alltech2000ES, drift tube temperature was 93℃, and the gas flow rate was 2.6 L/min. The statistic analysis was carried out by SPSS 20.0 and the paired sample t-test was carried out for 12 kinds of chemical composition in Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata obtained by steamed for nine times and shined for nine times and wine-steamed for nine times and shined for nine times. Results: With the increase of steamed times, the contents of catalpol, leonuride, actecosode, stachyose, sucrose, and raffinose in Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata obtained by two ways are all decreased; While the contents of rehmannioside A and rehmannioside D were slightly increased; the contents of 5-HMF, fructose, glucose, and mannose trisaccharide were increased. Conclusion: The established method conforms to the validation requirement of the methodology. In the process of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata with steamed for nine times and shined for nine times, processing adjuvant has a marked impact on the quality of the processed product. And the related substances of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata obtained by the two ways have a larger fluctuation in times 3,4, and 6 of steamed and shined processes, and the reason for this still needs to be further studied.

Objective To study the relationship between environmental chemical elements,vires infection and dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM).Methods In 2008,233 patients with DCM(case group)and 150 patient with stable angina(control group)were chosen in Liaocheng People's Hospital and Yanggu People's Hospital,Shandong province.Population distribution and disease history were surveyed in the two groups.Human myocardial antibody IgG(AMA-IgG),Coxsackie B virus IgG(CBV-IgG),Adenofirus antibody IgG(ADV-IgG)were detected by ELISA in both the case group and the control group.Serum trace elements were detected in the two groups.The general chemical and toxicological indicators in drinking water of the high-and the low-incidence aireas of the disease were control group[60.00%(90/150),χ2=13.80,P<0.01)].Per capita annual income(Yuan,RMB)in the case group (3207.82±618.51)was lower than that of the control group[(5086.61±886.12),t=24.40,P<0.01].Personal alcohol consumption in the case group[(175.00±160.50)g/d]was higher than that of the control group[(110.22±100.03)g/d,t=4.40,P<0.01)].The rate of myocarditis in the case group[5.15%(12/233)]was higher than ADV-IgG in the cage group were 7.78%(7/90),6.67%(6/90)and 6.67%(6/90),respectively.Compared with those in the control group[3.33%(2/60),5.00%(3/60)and 5.00%(3/60),χ2=1.26,0.18,0.18,all P>0.05],no mg/L]in drinking water of the high-incidence areas were significantly higher than that of iron[(0.39±0.67)mg/L,t=2.11,P<0.05]and that of manganese[(0.15±0.14)mg/L,t=3.01,P<0.01]in the low-incidence arefas.The content of semm iron[(69.1±57.8)μmol/L]in the case group evidently exceeded the normal range(15.6-35.9 μmol/L)and obviously higher than that in the control group[(20.0±17.5)μmol/L,t=5.04,P<0.01].Conclusions Theso data do not support that DCM is related with persistent virus infection and autoimmunization.DCM is probably related with low incomes,high alcohol consumption,myocarditis,high iron and manganese contents in drinking water and high content of serum iron.

Objective:To analyze the curative effect of tripterygium on NOD mice and the possible mechanisms.Methods:NOD mice were divided into 2 groups,Group A:tripterygium treatment(0.07 mg/kg,intraperitoneal injection,12 weeks);Group B:saline control.BALB/c mice were enrolled as control group( Group C).Results:After experiment,Group A had lower salivary flow rate than these of Group C,but higher than these of Group B at 12 and 20 weeks old( P<0.05).Group A had higher rate of inflammatory cells apoptosis than these of Group B and Group C(P<0.05).Group A mice had lower levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1βthan these of Group B(P<0.05),but higher than these of Group C(P<0.05).Group A mice had a higher level of SHIP-1 but a lower level of Mir-155 than these of Group B mice(P<0.05).Group A mice had a better neuroelectrophysiological outcomes than these of Group B mice ( P<0.05).Conclusion:Tripterygium can meliorate the sailoadentitis of NOD mice,which may though activating the SHIP-1/Mir-155 signaling pathway.

A in vitro platelet aggregation bioassay was developed for the quality control of XST capsules. The in vitro anti-platelet aggregation effect in rats was observed to detect the bioactivity of XST capsules. Panax notoginseng saponins and Xuesaitong lyophilizedpowder for injection were taken as standard control substances to determine the potency. According to the results, XST capsules showeda significant inhibitory effect on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. The in vitro anti-platelet activity oflyophilized powder for injection was stabler than that of Panax notoginseng saponins, and so suitable to serve as a standard control substance. The biological potency of XST capsules compared with standard control substance was detected by using parallel line assay. According to the results, the established bioassay method had a good repeatability (RSD 2.92%). The sample test results could pass thereliability test(linear deviation P > 0.05, parallel deviation P > 0.05). This bioassay method could be used as one of the complementary quality control methods for XST capsules.
Animals ; Capsules ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Male ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins ; pharmacology

Thermogravimetry (TG), TG-MS, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM)-energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) were adopted to investigate the pyrolysis characteristics of calamina. According to the findings of the qualitative and quantitative studies on the changes in the content of relevant elements, the whole shape, the functional groups, and the volatile components of calamina before and after being pyrolyzed, the 200-360, 580-750 degrees C were two sensitive temperature ranges related to the changes in effective component during calamina processing. Thermal weight loss was observed for ZnCO3, Zn(OH)2 and ZnCO3-2Zn(OH)2-H2O under 200-360 degrees C and for CaCO3 under 580-750 degrees C. The results of studies on chemical reaction kinetics showed good linear relations. This experiment integrated relevant methods and theories of physical chemistry and science of traditional Chinese medicine processing, and interpretes calamina processing techniques and mechanism, in order to provide a good example for modem studies on other traditional Chinese medicine processing.
Drug Combinations ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Ferric Compounds ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Temperature ; Zinc Oxide ; chemistry