China ; Humans ; Orthodontics ; trends

BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated that intermittent high glucose can have a more severe impact on vascular endothelial function in comparison with persistent hyperglycemia.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of intermittent high glucose on the proliferation and apoptosis of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from human peripheral blood in vitro as well as the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant. METHODS: Total mononuclear cells were isolated from human peripheral blood by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation and then the cells were placed on fibronectin-coated culture dishes. After 7 days of culture, the adherent cells were identified as EPCs by laser scanning confocal microscope. The cells were synchronized and then stimulated with glucose 5.5 mmol/L (normal control group), 20 mmol/L (constant high glucose group), and 5.5/20 mmol/L (intermittent high glucose group, 5.5 and 20 mmol/L glucose culture solution was changed every 8 hours) for 72 hours. EPCs proliferation and apoptosis was measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The content of MDA and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in culture solution were detected with colorimetry.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After EPCs were exposed to constant high glucose (20 mmol/L) and intermittent high glucose (5.5/20 mmol/L) for 72 hours, proliferated cells were significantly reduced and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased compared with those exposed to normal glucose (P < 0.01). Furthermore, there was a significant increase in MDA contents as well as a significant reduce in SOD activities in the constant high glucose and intermittent high glucose group (P < 0.01), especially in the latter group. These findings indicated that both intermittent high glucose and constant glucose could inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of EPCs; however, intermittent high glucose appears to worsen the effects on EPCs. This is maybe due to the increased oxidative stress.

TBL (Team-based learning) model is a new teaching method.By evaluating the effect of TBL model in theory teaching on Chinese orthodontic postgraduate program in the department of Orthodontics,Guanghua School of Stomatology,Sun Yat-sen University,and comparing the traditional teaching model which centered on teachers,we have probed into the application experience of TBL teaching method in curriculum setting of preclinical theoretic learning in orthodontics postgraduate education.The result shows TBL has significantly enhanced students' enthusiasm for learning,sense of collaboration,and has improved the quality of education.TBL method is better,even though there is something that needs to be improved.

This paper concluded and analyzed the application of objectivc structured clinical examination (OSCE) in clinical bilingual education.It explored the promotion and inhibition effects of OSCE on bilingual teaching by discussing its implementation process,introduction pattern,advantages,disadvantages and feedback from teachers and students.

Angiotensin II ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; metabolism ; Humans ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; cytology ; Pulmonary Artery ; cytology

Objective To explore the effects of atorvastatin and valsartan on high glucose-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury.Methods Cultured HUVECs were divided and assigned to 9 groups:normal control group,mannitol control group,high glucose group,low dose atorvastatin group (0.1 μ mol/L),medium dose atorvastatin group (1 μmol/L),high dose atorvastatin group (10 μ mol/L),low dose valsartan group (0.1 μmol/L),medium dose valsartan group (1 μmol/L),and high dose valsartan group (10 μmol/L).H UVECs were pretreated with or without 30 mmol/L glucose plus various concentrations of atorvastatin and valsartan (0.1,1,10 μmol/L) for 16 hours and then incubated with 5.5 mmol/L glucose for 6 days.The levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1),monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1),and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) in the culture supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Compared with normal glucose group,hyperglycemia memory increased the levels of VCAM-1,MCP-1,and PAI-1 (all P＜0.05),which were still maintained at high levels even after withdrawal of high glucose.Atorvastatin and valsartan treatment decreased the levels of VCAM-1,MCP-1,and PAI-1 (all P＜0.05).Conclusion Atorvastatin and valsartan may lower the secretion of VCAM-1,MCP-1,and PAI-1,and prevent high glucose memory-induced injury to endothelial cell.

Objective To observe the damage to Langerhans cells induced by UVB irradiation,and to evaluate photoprotective effect of these cells from UVB irradiation by epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG).Methods Biopsy specimens were obtained from normal adult foreskin,and epidermal cells were isolated.Density gradient centrifugation and magnetic cell sorting were used simultaneously to purify Langerhans cells from the cell suspension.These cells were then divided into three groups,control (no ir- radiation or EGCG treatment),UVB (irradiation) and EGCG (irradiation+ECCG treatment) groups. The cells in the UVB and EGCG group were irradiated by UVB (30 mJ/cm~2).After the irradiation,the U- VB group was incubated with RPMI-1640 containing 10% bovine serum for 4 hours,while the EGCG group with the same medium containing 200?g/mL of EGCG for 4 hours.Another four hours after the treatment, the cells were collected for the detection of apoptosis rate by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. Results Exposure to UVB (30 mJ/cm~2) significantly increased the apoptotic rate of Langerhans cells.The apoptotic rate in EGCG group was significantly lower than that in the UVB group,but was higher than that in the control group.Conclusion Rate of apoptosis of Langerhans cells could be increased by UVB irradia- tion,while EGCG could prevent the increase of apoptosis.

Objective To observe the feasibility and safety of self-made extended endobronchial tube applicated in one-lung ventilation for radical resection of esophageal cancer.Methods 80 patients were randomly divided into two groups:self-made extended endobronchial tube group (group A) and double-lumen endobronchial tube group (group B).The degree of lung collapse,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,heart rate,airway pressure (Paw),arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2),arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2),arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) were monitored.The time for insertion,rate of successfully intubation for single time,incidence of postoperative hoarseness and sore throat were recorded.Results There were no significant differences in degree of lung collapse,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and heart rate,SaO2 in the two groups(all P＞0.05).The comparison of the time for insertion between the two groups:(1.5±0.4)min vs.(2.6±0.8)min(t=4.78,P＜0.05);rates of successfully intubation for single time:95.0％ vs.80.0％(χ2=5.19,P＜0.05).The comparison of Paw between the two groups:T1:(17.3±1.1)cmH2O vs.(22.5±0.9)cmH2O,t=4.613,P＜0.05;T2:(17.9±0.5)cmH2O vs.(23.6±1.4)cmH2O(t=5.438,P＜0.05);T3:(18.1±0.8)cmH2O vs.(24.6±1.2)cmH2O(t=3.741,P＜0.05).The comparison of blood gas during one-lung ventilation between the two groups:PaO2(281.5±53.4)mmHg vs.(187.6±48.8)mmHg(t=5.28,P＜0.05);SaO2(98.1±6.3)％ vs.(94.5±5.7)％(t=3.46,P＜0.05);PaCO2(31.2±3.6)mmHg vs.(37.6±4.1)mmHg(t=6.32,P＜0.05).The comparison of incidence of postoperative hoarseness:1case vs.6cases(χ2=5.91,P＜0.05);The comparison of incidence of sore throat:4cases vs.13cases(χ2=6.13,P＜0.05).Conclusion Single-lung ventilation has achieved via either the double lumen tube or the self-made extended endobronchial tube.However,the self-made extended endobronchial tube is recommended for single-lung ventilation because of the advantages of its easy intubation and position,full oxygenation,low Paw,less incidence of postoperative hoarseness and sore throat.Self-made extended endobronchial tube can be used as a one-lung ventilation method in its indications.

Objective:To compare soft-tissue morphology changes by cephalometric measurements be-tween extraction and non-extraction orthodontic treatment in borderline cases.Methods:The samplesconsisted of 33 cases selected as borderline cases by 5 orthodontic specialists.They were divided into 21extraction cases(including 13 four first premolar extraction cases and 8 four second premolar extractioncases)and 12 non-extraction cases by checking patients' treatment records.Conventional cephalometricanalysis was made to compare soft tissue structures before and after orthodontic treatments and the samecomparison was made between two different extraction patterns.Results:No statistical difference wasfound in pretreatment soft-tissue morphology between extraction and non-extraction groups divided fromborderline cases.The PosBs/FH of the four first premolars extraction group was smaller than that of non-extraction group,and the Ns-Sn-Pos of the four first premolars extraction group was smaller than that offour second premolar extraction group.None of the post-treatment soft-tissue measures showed significantstatistical differences between four first premolars extraction group and non-extraction group,but therewere 6 items showed significant statistical differences between four second premolars extraction group andnon-extraction group.Compared with extraction and non-extraction treatments,the most significant soft-tissue changes were:PosBs/FH,LL-SnPos,and Bs-EP.Conclusion:Although pre-treatment soft-tissuemorphology of second premolar extraction group was close to that of non-extraction group,the post-treat-ment soft-tissue morphology of first premolar extraction group became closer to that of non-extractiongroup.Compared with non-extraction treatment,the more significant changes caused by extraction treat-ment were located in the lower lip and chin,but not the upper lips.

Objective To investigate the effect of elispheric motion on balance and walking ability of hemiplegic patients after stroke. Methods From September to December, 2016, 40 hemiplegic patients after stroke were randomly divided into control group (n=20) and ob-servation group (n=20). Both groups received conventional rehabilitation, additionally, the control group received juggling ball training, and the observation group received elispheric motion combined with juggling ball training, 20 minutes a day, six days a week for six weeks. They were assessed with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Sensory (FMA-S), Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremity (FMA-LE), Berg Bal-ance Scale (BBS) and TimedUp and GoTest (TUGT) before and six weeks after training. Results After training, the scores of FMA-S, FMA-LE, BBS significantly increased (t>10.012, P<0.05) in both groups, and were higher in the observation group than in the control group (t>2.129, P<0.05);the time of TUGT significantly shortened (t>10.001, P<0.001) in both groups, and were shorter in the observation group than in the control group (t>4.669, P<0.05). Conclusion Elispheric motion can facilitate to improve the balance and walking ability of hemi-plegic patients after stroke.