Objective To study the value of contact heat evoked potentials (CHEPs) for the early diagnosis of diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy. Methods Seventy-five diabetic patients were examined by conventional nerve conduction velocity studies and then divided into 2 groups: diabetics with normal nerve conduction and diabetics with abnormal nerve conduction. Thirty-three normal subjects were used as controls. Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Sco-ring System was used to evaluate the patients. CHEPs were recorded using different stimulation intensities at different temperatures. Results The peak latencies of 45℃ , 50℃, 53℃ in diabetics with normal nerve conduction group were longer than those in normal control group, with a significant difference between the 2 groups(P<0.05). The peak latencies of diabetics were positively related to Toronto scores. Conclusion CHEPs could detect the impair-ment of diabetic peripheral nerve and reveal the impairment earlier than conventional nerve conduction velocity exami-nation, The prolongation of peak latency in diabetics group was significantly and positively related to clinical condi-tion.

BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated that intermittent high glucose can have a more severe impact on vascular endothelial function in comparison with persistent hyperglycemia.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of intermittent high glucose on the proliferation and apoptosis of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from human peripheral blood in vitro as well as the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant. METHODS: Total mononuclear cells were isolated from human peripheral blood by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation and then the cells were placed on fibronectin-coated culture dishes. After 7 days of culture, the adherent cells were identified as EPCs by laser scanning confocal microscope. The cells were synchronized and then stimulated with glucose 5.5 mmol/L (normal control group), 20 mmol/L (constant high glucose group), and 5.5/20 mmol/L (intermittent high glucose group, 5.5 and 20 mmol/L glucose culture solution was changed every 8 hours) for 72 hours. EPCs proliferation and apoptosis was measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The content of MDA and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in culture solution were detected with colorimetry.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After EPCs were exposed to constant high glucose (20 mmol/L) and intermittent high glucose (5.5/20 mmol/L) for 72 hours, proliferated cells were significantly reduced and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased compared with those exposed to normal glucose (P < 0.01). Furthermore, there was a significant increase in MDA contents as well as a significant reduce in SOD activities in the constant high glucose and intermittent high glucose group (P < 0.01), especially in the latter group. These findings indicated that both intermittent high glucose and constant glucose could inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of EPCs; however, intermittent high glucose appears to worsen the effects on EPCs. This is maybe due to the increased oxidative stress.

It is an obvious contradiction between the shortage of kidney donors and the increasing demand for kidney transplantation.Living- related donor kidney transplantation may be a proper resolution,which has been academically proved to be superior to cadaveric kidney transplantation.However,there are still many ethical problems unsolved.Based on ethical theory and the"Seven Principles",we explore possible solutions to the ethical problems of living - related donor kidney transplantation.

Cancer, also known as malignant tumor, is the second largest disease after heart disease, which is characterized by genomic instability and mutagenicity. Ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3-related kinase (ATR) are members of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PIKK) family, belonging to serine/threonine kinase, one of the key kinases in DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair pathway. This paper reviews the latest progress in the ATR inhibitor field including mechanism of action (MOA), therapeutic applications, and the combination therapy from the perspective of medicinal chemistry. It also discusses the possible challenges and future directions of developing ATR inhibitor antitumor drugs, which could provide the scientists in this field the convenience for access the information and application guidance for clinical studies.

At present, majority of the small molecular drugs used in clinics target proteins, they exert the efficacy through the binding to specific sites on the target protein. However, the "druggable" protein targets account for a small portion of the total number of proteins, and "non-druggable" proteins account for 80%, because of not having suitable drug binding sites. In the central rule, RNA is located in the upstream of proteins and controls the transcription of proteins. The research of small molecule drugs targeting RNA can solve the problem of protein "undruggable proteins" in some extent. This review summarizes the representative research achievements of small molecular drugs targeting RNA in recent years, and the screening methods applied to this field, with the focuses on the latest progress of small molecular drugs targeting novel coronavirus RNA.

As one of the major sources of infection, viruses could infect all organisms including bacteria, plants, animals, and humans. Infectious diseases caused by viruses pose a great threat and damage to human health and economic activities all over the world. Adaptor-associated protein kinase 1 (AAK1) is a member of the Ark1/Prk1 family of serine/threonine kinases and a specific key kinase regulating the phosphorylation of AP-2 protein μ2 subunit T156. In the past, AAK1 has been regarded as a feasible biological target for the treatment of nerve pain. Recently, scientists have found that inhibiting AAK1 can regulate endocytosis and inhibit virus invasion into cells. Therefore, AAK1 could be the potential target of anti-virus therapy. This paper reviews the research progress of small molecule AAK1 inhibitors in the field of antiviral, analyzes the future research directions and challenges, and provides new ideas for the development of antiviral drugs targeting AAK1.

Adult ; Air Pollutants ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Military Medicine ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Noise, Occupational ; adverse effects

Sulfur , a major component of gunpowder , has been widely used in the engineering and military in-dustries since ancient times . In fact , the application of sulfur in traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) has a long history , which indicated the uniqueness of TCM theory and practice . Besides , sulfur has played an impor-tant role for the development of TCM in the history . In order to scientifically analyze the role of sulfur in TCM , this paper focused on the application and evolution of sulfur in the development process of TCM , which aimed to provide a reference for the study of the value and role of sulfur in TCM .

Objective To analyze epidemiological and clinical characteristics of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. Methods The clinical data of 323 CHC patients were collected. The transmission modes, clinical manifestations and virological features were recorded. The liver histological change was also analyzed in 39 cases whose liver biopsy samples were available. The comparison between two groups was performed by t test. Results Among the 323 CHC patients, 135 cases (41. 8%) had history of blood or blood products transfusion. Sixty-seven cases (20. 7%) had undergone surgery and trauma operation. Nineteen cases (5. 9%) had history of Chinese medicine acupuncture. Eighteen cases (5.6%) had undergone hemodialysis. Two patients (0.6%) were infected through vertical transmission. Twenty-one cases (6. 5%) had history of intravenous drug use and two cases (0. 6%) had history of unsafe sexual contact. The possible transmission routes for the other 78 cases (24.1%)were unknown. Fourteen patients (4. 3%) were co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). The major prevalent genotypes were hepatitis C virus ( HCV) genotype lb and 2a, which were 145 cases (65. 3%) and 21 cases (9. 5%) respectively. HCV viral loads were as high as 1 × 105 IU/mL in 74 cases (26. 1%) and 1× 106 IU/mL in 103 cases (36. 4%). Twenty-three patients (7.1%) developed obvious clinical manifestations. Among 39 patients undergoing liver biopsy, 14 cases (35. 9%) had hepatic inflammation activity index (HAI)≥4, six cases (15. 4%) had fibrosis stage (F) ≥3, four cases (10. 3%) had HAI≥4 and F≥3. Conclusions The most common HCV transmission modes are blood transfusion and use of blood products. However, surgery and trauma operation should be paid more attention. Besides blood transfusion, the transmission modes of intravenous drug injection, hemodialysis and traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture are increasing. The major HCV genotypes are lb and 2a. The viral loads of most patients are relatively high. Most patients infected with HCV don't show any obvious hepatitis symptoms and physical signs. However, the liver biopsy results from 39 patients suggest that most patients develop liver histological changes.

China ; Female ; Gynecology ; trends ; Humans ; Physical Examination ; statistics & numerical data ; Rural Health ; statistics & numerical data ; Rural Population