Objective To decrease the incidence of acute rejection in renal allograft recipients by monitoring of cyclosporine A (CsA) concentration at 2-hour after dosing(C2). Methods The CsA C2 and CsA trough concentration(C0) were assayed in renal allograft recipients.All patients were followed up for at least 1 year.The correlation of C0 and C2 monitoring with clinical outcomes was analyzed. Results At 1 week and 1 month post-transplantation,the incidence of acute rejection in patients with C2 in target level was 4.41% and 10.29%, respectively,but the incidence of acute rejection in patients with C2 in lower level was 42.37% and 36.20%,respectively. ConclusionBy reflecting the drug exposure of CsA more accurately,C2 monitoring is beneficial for decreasing the incidence of acute rejection after renal allograft transplantation.

In the areas of prevention and life skills counseling for breast cancer, risk assessment and prediction can assist clinicians to decide if chemoprevention or prophylactic surgery is needed or suggestions on improving the quality of life for their clients. Several mathematical models, namely Gail Model, Claus Model, BRCAPRO Model and Cuzick-Tyrer Model etc. have been developed to make predictions, clinically. This paper has reviewed the development, operation, advantage versus disadvantage and areas of application for the four models. Having family history of breast cancer, one subject was calculated on the risks by the four models and different results were found. Up to 45 years old, the accumulative risks from the four models and population risk were 1.9%, 11.8%, 2.5%, 5.0% and i.6%, respectively. To 75 years old, they were 20.2%,32.5%, 13.1%, 25.0% and 8.5%, respectively. The subject had a relatively high breast cancer risk during her lifetime. A new model is supposed to include a variety of important risk factors and to be validated by large scale of case-control samples. Incidence of breast cancer in China had significantly increased during the last ten years, but the research on developing assessment methods of breast cancer risk had never been reported, suggesting that the development of models for Chinese population is necessary.

Objective To perform an evaluation on psychological sub-health of officers and soldiers relieving in major earthquake on May 12th in Wenchuan and explore their rehabilitations.Methods The officers and soldiers relieving in major earthquake on May 12th in Wenchuan were tested by SCL-90. According to the survey results, we implemented corresponding measures of rehabilitation on them. After 10 and 20 days of rehabilitation, we carried out re-evaluation and analysis of the above assessment. Results The officers and soldiers relieving in major earthquake on May 12th in Wenchuan appeared varying degrees of somatization, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Before psychological intervention, the incidence rate ofsomatization, anxiety and depression were 29.00％, 18.18％ and 10.82％, respectively; the incidence rates of psychological symptoms on the 10th d of psychological intervention (19.58％, 10.41％ and 5.41％) were significantly declined as compared with those before the intervention (x2=5.695, P=0.017; x2=5.630, P=0.018; x2=4.638, P=0.031); the incidenee rates of psychological symptoms on the 20th d of psychological intervention (4.01％, 2.81％ and 0.8％) were obviously decreased as compared with those before the intervention (x2=55.556, P=0.000; x2=30.509, P=0.000; x2=22.660, P=0.000). Conclusion Some of the officers and soldiers relieving in major earthquake on May 12th in Wenchuan may appear varying degrees of psychological problems. The promptly rehabilitation could reduce or eliminate the psychological sub-health state of these rescue workers.

Micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) is a reversed phase liquid chromatography with mobile phases containing surfactant above its critical micellar concentration (CMC). The basic mechanism and advantages of MLC in physicochemical analysis were reviewed, and its applications in analysis of drugs, barbiturates, benzodiazepines were chiefly introduced in this paper. MLC is a potential method to toxicological analysis due to strong selectivity, wide application scope and easy biological samples, etc.
Analgesics, Opioid/analysis* ; Barbiturates/chemistry* ; Benzodiazepines/chemistry* ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods* ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/chemistry* ; Micelles ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Solvents/chemistry* ; Surface-Active Agents/chemistry*

Objective To evaluate of velocity vector imaging technology in methadone maintenance treatment patients. Methods From June to December in 2011,78 cases of heroin addicts were selected as observation group,and 78 healthy persons who received physical examination at the same period were selected as the control group.Velocity vector imaging technology was measured for both groups.Results All of early diastolic peak velocity and early diastolic max strain rate of the basement,left ventricular interval before,left ventricular apex,left ventricular wall between basement,in the left ventricular wall,the left ventricular segmental wall apex in observation group were significantly lower than that in the control group (P <0.05).Conclusion The velocity vector imaging technology could be applied to evaluate left ventricular function among methadone maintenance treatment patients.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and distribution of human eehinococcosis in Hobukesar Mongolian Autonomous County (HMAC) in Xinjiang. Methods Using cluster sampling methods, the 2 counties (Tiebukenwusa and Narenhebuke) in HMAC were chosen as focusing areas for investigation. A survey of human echinococcosis including questionnaire, serological test and abdominal ultrasonic scan was carried out. Results The prevalence of human echinococcosis was 9.0% (64/712) by ultrasound and surgical history, including 8.7% (62/712) for cystic eehinococcosis(CE), 0.3%(2/712) for alveolar echinococcosis(AE) and 15.6%(111/712) for total of serological positives in HMAC. CE prevalence rate of different occupations, age, family slaughtering livestock and drinking water source had significant differences(P<0.05). Herdsmen as the highest risk group showed a CE prevalence of the 13.4% (27/201) in comparison with other occupations. The ages between 20 to<40 year-old were at the highest risk stage with 12.8% incidence. But CE prevalence rate of different gender, ethnic and education groups had not significant differences(P>0.05). Conclusions HMAC could be considered as a high endemic human CE region in Xinjiang. The current study reported the main risk factors may include occupations, age difference and drinking water source.

OBJECTIVETo optimize the therapeutic programs for periarthritis of shoulder treated with acupuncture, moxibustion and kinetohterapy with orthogonal design method adopted.

METHODSThe orthogonal design table of L8 (2(7)) hierarchical principle was used to randomly divide 192 patients of periarthritis of shoulder into 8 groups, 24 cases in each one. Separately, 4 factors and each different 2 levels were adopted in treatment, named acupuncture timing (factor A: A, acute stage, A2 adhesion stage), acupoint combination (factor B: B, local acupoints, B2 local acupoints and distal acupoints along meridians), filiform needling and warm needling therapy (factor C: C1 acupuncture with filiform needle, CZ acupuncture with filiform needle and warm needling therapy) and positive functional exercise (factor D: D1 without positive functional exercise, D2 with positive functional exercise). The treatment was given once a day, 10 treatments made one session and 2 sessions were required totally. The time points of observation were the point after 1 session of treatment and after 2 sessions of treatment. The short-form McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ) and shoulder joint motor disturbance score were adopted for evaluation.

RESULTSIn the orthogonal design analysis, taking the hierarchical factors into consideration, the age was considered as the main factor in the evaluation of shoulder pain and shoulder motor disturbance (P<0.01), and the shoulder function grade apparently impacted pain evaluation and the efficacy on shoulder motor disturbance (P<0.01). The best combination of 4 factors and 2 levels were A1B1CzD2 and A2BC2D2. SAS statistical analysis showed that at acute stage and adhesion stage, CZ Dz , meaning acupuncture with fifiform needling and warm needling therapy combined with positive functional exercise, is the main factor of the improvements of shoulder motor function (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONFor periarthritis of shoulder at acute stage, the combined therapy of acupuncture at local acupoints, warm needling and positive functional exercise is adopted. At chronic stage, the combined therapy of acupuncture at local acupoints and distal acupoints, acupuncture with filiform needle and warm needling and positive functional exercise is the best program. Additionally, in clinical treatment, the patients' age, sex, shoulder joint function and duration of treatment should be considered comprehensively for the impacts on the efficacy.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Exercise Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Periarthritis ; therapy ; Shoulder Pain ; therapy

Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo observe the influence of Xinmaitong capsule (XMT) on serum matrix metalloproteinases-9, high sensitive C-reactive protein levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

METHOD63 cases were divided by randomized, contrastive assigned to XMT group (n = 31) and control group (n = 32). The serum levels of MMP-9 and hs-CRP before and after treatment in 12 weeks were detected.

RESULTAfter treatment, the serum levels of MMP-9 in control group had no changed and the levels of hs-CRP reduced. The serum levels of MMP-9 and hs-CRP in XMT group had significantly decreased. The serum levels of MMP-9 and hs-CRP had positive correlation, but had no correlation to levels of serum lipids.

CONCLUSIONXMT decreased breakdown of matrix collagen, and inflammatory reaction in the patients of ACS, which may have effect on plaque stabilization.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; blood ; drug therapy ; Aged ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Capsules ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Triglycerides ; blood

OBJECTIVECompletion pneumonectomy (CP) is widely known to be associated with a high morbidity and mortality. However, in certain instances, CP offers the only chance for a cure. Now to explore the indications, prevention and management of complications as well as late outcomes of CP.

METHODSDuring a period of 21 years from January 1985 to August 2006, 24 patients received CP, representing 2.3% of 1026 patients who had undergone pneumonectomy in the same period. There were 17 right and 7 left CPs done in 20 male and 4 female patients with an average age of 58 years (range from 42 to 67 years). Lung malignancy accounted for 22 of these cases in which the indication included local recurrence in 18, second primary tumors in 2 and primary malignancies that developed after right upper lobectomies for pulmonary tuberculoma and pulmonary cyst respectively in 2 cases. Benign disease was progression or recurrence of bronchiectasis in 2 cases. Before CP, 17 patients had had a lobectomy, 5 a bilobectomy, 1 sleeve lobectomy and 1 wedge resection. There were 16 of 20 lung cancer patients receiving postoperative chemotherapy and 3 with positive residues having radiotherapy. The mean interval between the two procedures was 65 months for the whole group (5.5-360) and 32 months for lung cancer patients (5.5-120). They all underwent CP, included sleeve CP in 1 patient.

RESULTSFor all patients, the previous thoracotomy incision was reopened and maneuvers such as rib resection, intrapericardial blood vessel ligation, division of the bronchus first, local application of glues and hemostatic agents, and bronchial reinforcement were routinely used. Intrapericardial route was used in 10 patients (41.7%). Two patients had right pulmonary artery injured. The operation lasted 4-7 hours, with blood loss of 300 to 3000 ml. Overall respectability, morbidity and hospital mortality were 95.8%, 29.2% and 4.2%. No intraoperative deaths occurred. There was 1 early postoperative death after 40 days from adult respiratory distress syndrome. There was no occurrence of bronchopleural fistula, and the 25% associated morbidity rate was a result of bleeding necessitating reexploration in 1 case, chronic empyema in 1 case, arrhythmia in 1 case, anemia in 1 case and fever of unknown reason in 2 cases. Actuarial 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates from the time of completion pneumonectomy for patients with lung cancer were 77.3%, 50.0% and 29.4%. And 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates for patients with recurrent lung cancer were 72.2%, 47.1% and 29.4%.

CONCLUSIONSCP can be performed with an acceptable operative mortality and morbidity rate in selected patients. For patients with local recurrence, first and second primary bronchogenic carcinoma as well as benign pulmonary disease, treatment should be surgical when a less invasive procedure is not available and the patients are in good health. In addition, patients undergoing CP have a reasonable prospect for long-term survival.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonectomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; mortality ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome