Objective To decrease the incidence of acute rejection in renal allograft recipients by monitoring of cyclosporine A (CsA) concentration at 2-hour after dosing(C2). Methods The CsA C2 and CsA trough concentration(C0) were assayed in renal allograft recipients.All patients were followed up for at least 1 year.The correlation of C0 and C2 monitoring with clinical outcomes was analyzed. Results At 1 week and 1 month post-transplantation,the incidence of acute rejection in patients with C2 in target level was 4.41% and 10.29%, respectively,but the incidence of acute rejection in patients with C2 in lower level was 42.37% and 36.20%,respectively. ConclusionBy reflecting the drug exposure of CsA more accurately,C2 monitoring is beneficial for decreasing the incidence of acute rejection after renal allograft transplantation.

In the areas of prevention and life skills counseling for breast cancer, risk assessment and prediction can assist clinicians to decide if chemoprevention or prophylactic surgery is needed or suggestions on improving the quality of life for their clients. Several mathematical models, namely Gail Model, Claus Model, BRCAPRO Model and Cuzick-Tyrer Model etc. have been developed to make predictions, clinically. This paper has reviewed the development, operation, advantage versus disadvantage and areas of application for the four models. Having family history of breast cancer, one subject was calculated on the risks by the four models and different results were found. Up to 45 years old, the accumulative risks from the four models and population risk were 1.9%, 11.8%, 2.5%, 5.0% and i.6%, respectively. To 75 years old, they were 20.2%,32.5%, 13.1%, 25.0% and 8.5%, respectively. The subject had a relatively high breast cancer risk during her lifetime. A new model is supposed to include a variety of important risk factors and to be validated by large scale of case-control samples. Incidence of breast cancer in China had significantly increased during the last ten years, but the research on developing assessment methods of breast cancer risk had never been reported, suggesting that the development of models for Chinese population is necessary.

Micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) is a reversed phase liquid chromatography with mobile phases containing surfactant above its critical micellar concentration (CMC). The basic mechanism and advantages of MLC in physicochemical analysis were reviewed, and its applications in analysis of drugs, barbiturates, benzodiazepines were chiefly introduced in this paper. MLC is a potential method to toxicological analysis due to strong selectivity, wide application scope and easy biological samples, etc.
Analgesics, Opioid/analysis* ; Barbiturates/chemistry* ; Benzodiazepines/chemistry* ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods* ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/chemistry* ; Micelles ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Solvents/chemistry* ; Surface-Active Agents/chemistry*

Objective To perform an evaluation on psychological sub-health of officers and soldiers relieving in major earthquake on May 12th in Wenchuan and explore their rehabilitations.Methods The officers and soldiers relieving in major earthquake on May 12th in Wenchuan were tested by SCL-90. According to the survey results, we implemented corresponding measures of rehabilitation on them. After 10 and 20 days of rehabilitation, we carried out re-evaluation and analysis of the above assessment. Results The officers and soldiers relieving in major earthquake on May 12th in Wenchuan appeared varying degrees of somatization, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Before psychological intervention, the incidence rate ofsomatization, anxiety and depression were 29.00％, 18.18％ and 10.82％, respectively; the incidence rates of psychological symptoms on the 10th d of psychological intervention (19.58％, 10.41％ and 5.41％) were significantly declined as compared with those before the intervention (x2=5.695, P=0.017; x2=5.630, P=0.018; x2=4.638, P=0.031); the incidenee rates of psychological symptoms on the 20th d of psychological intervention (4.01％, 2.81％ and 0.8％) were obviously decreased as compared with those before the intervention (x2=55.556, P=0.000; x2=30.509, P=0.000; x2=22.660, P=0.000). Conclusion Some of the officers and soldiers relieving in major earthquake on May 12th in Wenchuan may appear varying degrees of psychological problems. The promptly rehabilitation could reduce or eliminate the psychological sub-health state of these rescue workers.

Objective To evaluate of velocity vector imaging technology in methadone maintenance treatment patients. Methods From June to December in 2011,78 cases of heroin addicts were selected as observation group,and 78 healthy persons who received physical examination at the same period were selected as the control group.Velocity vector imaging technology was measured for both groups.Results All of early diastolic peak velocity and early diastolic max strain rate of the basement,left ventricular interval before,left ventricular apex,left ventricular wall between basement,in the left ventricular wall,the left ventricular segmental wall apex in observation group were significantly lower than that in the control group (P <0.05).Conclusion The velocity vector imaging technology could be applied to evaluate left ventricular function among methadone maintenance treatment patients.

OBJECTIVETo optimize the therapeutic programs for periarthritis of shoulder treated with acupuncture, moxibustion and kinetohterapy with orthogonal design method adopted.

METHODSThe orthogonal design table of L8 (2(7)) hierarchical principle was used to randomly divide 192 patients of periarthritis of shoulder into 8 groups, 24 cases in each one. Separately, 4 factors and each different 2 levels were adopted in treatment, named acupuncture timing (factor A: A, acute stage, A2 adhesion stage), acupoint combination (factor B: B, local acupoints, B2 local acupoints and distal acupoints along meridians), filiform needling and warm needling therapy (factor C: C1 acupuncture with filiform needle, CZ acupuncture with filiform needle and warm needling therapy) and positive functional exercise (factor D: D1 without positive functional exercise, D2 with positive functional exercise). The treatment was given once a day, 10 treatments made one session and 2 sessions were required totally. The time points of observation were the point after 1 session of treatment and after 2 sessions of treatment. The short-form McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ) and shoulder joint motor disturbance score were adopted for evaluation.

RESULTSIn the orthogonal design analysis, taking the hierarchical factors into consideration, the age was considered as the main factor in the evaluation of shoulder pain and shoulder motor disturbance (P<0.01), and the shoulder function grade apparently impacted pain evaluation and the efficacy on shoulder motor disturbance (P<0.01). The best combination of 4 factors and 2 levels were A1B1CzD2 and A2BC2D2. SAS statistical analysis showed that at acute stage and adhesion stage, CZ Dz , meaning acupuncture with fifiform needling and warm needling therapy combined with positive functional exercise, is the main factor of the improvements of shoulder motor function (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONFor periarthritis of shoulder at acute stage, the combined therapy of acupuncture at local acupoints, warm needling and positive functional exercise is adopted. At chronic stage, the combined therapy of acupuncture at local acupoints and distal acupoints, acupuncture with filiform needle and warm needling and positive functional exercise is the best program. Additionally, in clinical treatment, the patients' age, sex, shoulder joint function and duration of treatment should be considered comprehensively for the impacts on the efficacy.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Exercise Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Periarthritis ; therapy ; Shoulder Pain ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo study the expression and location of early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1), transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)), fibronectin (FN) in silicotic rat and to discuss the role of Egr-1 in the development of silicosis.

METHODSSilicotic animal model of rat was established, and the expressions of Egr-1, TGF-beta(1), FN in various lung cells of silicotic rat were analysed by using immunohistochemical technique (SP) and the image analysis.

RESULTSThe expressions of Egr-1 in bronchial epithelial cell, pulmonary macrophage, alveolar epithelium cell and interstitial cell in lung silicotic tissue (gray values: 118.58 +/- 5.65 - 168.52 +/- 5.67) were higher than those of controls (gray values: 166.23 +/- 5.23 - 188.12 +/- 8.35) during 1 - 28 days, and the expression was mainly in nucleus; the expressions of TGF-beta(1) in these cells (gray values: 123.49 +/- 5.65 - 170.24 +/- 3.56) were also higher than those of controls (166.53 +/- 6.25 - 198.56 +/- 4.53), and the expression was mainly in cytoplasm. The expressions of FN in bronchial epithelial cell, pulmonary macrophage and alveolar epithelial cell (gray values: 150.32 +/- 6.54 - 201.54 +/- 7.38) were lower, while those in interstitial cell (gray values: 121.43 +/- 5.65 - 167.55 +/- 6.35) were higher than those of controls. The changes of TGF-beta(1) and Egr-1 expression level in bronchial epithelial cell, pulmonary macrophage, alveolar epithelium cell and interstitial cell were synchronous during the experiment (1 - 28 days). Both of them were correlated with each other (r = 0.61, P < 0.01), while the expression of FN was not correlated with Egr-1, but correlated to TGF-beta(1) in interstitial cell (r = 0.46, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSilicon dioxide could up-regulate the expression of nuclear transcription factor Egr-1 in several kinds of cell in lung. The activated Egr-1 may coordinate the expression of TGF-beta(1) and FN to regulate the development of silicosis.

Animals ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; analysis ; physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Early Growth Response Protein 1 ; Fibronectins ; analysis ; physiology ; Immediate-Early Proteins ; analysis ; physiology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; chemistry ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Silicosis ; etiology ; metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; analysis ; physiology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; analysis ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo observe the influence of Xinmaitong capsule (XMT) on serum matrix metalloproteinases-9, high sensitive C-reactive protein levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

METHOD63 cases were divided by randomized, contrastive assigned to XMT group (n = 31) and control group (n = 32). The serum levels of MMP-9 and hs-CRP before and after treatment in 12 weeks were detected.

RESULTAfter treatment, the serum levels of MMP-9 in control group had no changed and the levels of hs-CRP reduced. The serum levels of MMP-9 and hs-CRP in XMT group had significantly decreased. The serum levels of MMP-9 and hs-CRP had positive correlation, but had no correlation to levels of serum lipids.

CONCLUSIONXMT decreased breakdown of matrix collagen, and inflammatory reaction in the patients of ACS, which may have effect on plaque stabilization.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; blood ; drug therapy ; Aged ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Capsules ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Triglycerides ; blood

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of qingxin kaiqiao formula and saponin on the learning and memory ability and the expression of the apoptosis signal transducers Abeta and betaAPP in AD rat brain.

METHODThe comparative observation method was adopted for the animal test. Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups, namely the normal group, the model group, the aricept group, the qingxin kaiqiao formula group and the saponin group, with eight rats in each group. Abeta(25-35) (10 g x L(-1)) was injected into their bilateral amygdala to establish the AD rat model. Since the next day, they were intragastrically administered with Aricept (1.67 mg x kg(-1)), Qingxin Kaiqiao decoction (12.67 mL x kg(-1)), saponin (6.30 mg x kg(-1)) and double distilled water filling for 2 weeks to observe their spatial memory ability in a Morris water maze and study the expression of Caspase-3, Abeta and betaAPP in brain tissues by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTEach traditional Chinese medicine groups showed significant improvement in the learning and memory ability of AD rats and notable differences (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) compared with the control group. The qingxin kaiqiao formula group and the saponin group showed a decrease in the expressions of Caspase-3, Abeta and betaAPP in cerebral cortex and hippocampus area, displaying notable differences (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) compared with the control group.

CONCLUSIONqingxin kaiqiao formula and saponin can obviously improve the learning and memory ability of AD rats with by decreasing the expression of Caspase-3, Abeta and betaAPP in cortex and hippocampus.

Alzheimer Disease ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; genetics ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Learning ; drug effects ; Male ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Memory ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Time Factors

Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged