Adult ; Ejaculatory Ducts ; surgery ; Genital Diseases, Male ; surgery ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; adverse effects ; Iatrogenic Disease ; Infertility, Male ; etiology ; Male ; Prostatitis ; therapy ; Urethra

AIM: To set the model of rat bone marrow me se nchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) that differentiate into cardiomyocytes and observe t he connection structure between cells. METHODS: BMMSCs were isolated by adhering to culture plates and cultured in vitro to expand. Induction of BMMSCs to differentiate into cardi omyo cytes was conducted by treating the cells with 5-aza. Immunocytochemical stainin g was used to identify sarcomeric actin and intercalated disc-like structure wh en the cells were cultured for additional 1 week, 2 or 3 weeks, respectively. RESULTS: Sarcomeric actin positive cells were observed in 1 week , 2 or 3 weeks after 5-aza treatment. Some cells stained positive for connexin4 3 at 1 week and 2 weeks after 5-aza treatment, with brown pellet located disper sively around nucleus. 3 weeks after 5-aza treatment, connexin43 positive cells s howed brown pellet arranging in thready structure around nucleus, such structure could be seen between very few cells which was similar to intercalated disc-lik e structure in normal heart tissue. CONCLUSION: During the process of BMMSCs differentiating into ca rdiomyocytes, intercalated disc-like structure is gradually formed with increas e in culture time and cell density.

Objective To investigate differences between Han and Uyghur children in dyslexia prevalence and potential environmental risk factors as well as to provide diagnosis and treatment evidence for dyslexia children . Methods We used cluster sampling to recruit 2 854 students in grades 3~6 from five Uyghur -Chinese bilingual primary schools in Xinjiang province .The children with dyslexia were selected step by step according to the defini‐tion of ICD-10 and DSM -IV .The children with DD and children without DD were selected and compared by 1∶1 of the same class ,ages and genders .Then single factor analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to as‐sess children'environmental risk factors .Results In total ,2 438 effective quostionnaires have been got .The difference between Han (3 .89% ) and Uyghur (7 .05% ) dyslexia prevalence was statistically significant .The factor analysis revealed that educational grades ,family income ,father's and mother's occupations ,and their education levels as well as some home literacy environmental factors were significantly different for the two groups of children with dyslexia (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The prevalence of dyslexia was high in both groups ,and especially for Uyghur children . Some environmental factors may be responsible for the differences noted ,especially for the occupation of mother .

The recent studies have suggested that matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)are close associated with the instability of atherosclerotic plaques,the formation and development of intracranial aneurysm,ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic transformation.The study and application of MMP inhibitor may become a new approach in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.

Objective:To obtain a large amount of erythromycin B and to investigate the activity site in eryK. Methods:The key sequence of the BC loop region in eryK gene was knocked out and the eryK gene with 101 bp deleted was amplified by overlapping PCR,and cloned into vector pWHM3 to construct recombinant plasmid. The Saccharopolyspora erythraea mutant AK17 was constructed through chromosomal homologous recombination technique.Results and Conclusions:The S.erythraea mutant AK17 was constructed. The results of TCL and MS analysis showed that the major fermentation product of AK17 is erythromycin B.

Objective To know the current conditions of institution set-up,personnels allocated and equipment supplied in county-,city-and country-level in endemic disease prevention and control.Methods Questionnaires,regarding institution set-up,personnels allocated and equipment supplied,was performed among staffs from administrative apartment and professional apartment.Results There were 31 institutions for endemic disease prevention and control in province level of our country(except Hainan Province),with one institution in each province.There were 308 institutions for endemic disease prevention and control in city level,and 23 cities did not have one.There were 2340 institutions for endemic disease prevention and control in county level,none in 502 counties.There were 20 provinces which had the professional crew of the endemic disease administration,but other provinces did not.The proportion of high-grade professional staff of province,city,county level was 24.84% (310/1248),17.05%(481/2821),5.31%(598/11 256)respectively.The averaged size of wdrking place at province-,city-and county-level was 2603.9,324.6,1227 m2.The averaged area of laboratory of province,city,county level was 1093.8,147.4 and 46.6 m2 respectively.The average quantity of equipments valued over ten thousand yuan at province-,city-and county-level is 15.5,2.2,0.6 respectively.Conclusions After the innovation of organizations for endemic disease prevention and control,the number of personnels devoting to this work has been curtailed,working place and equipment is insufficient,which hinders the prevention and control.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common type of brain disorders among young adults. The dysfunction of the brain is often exacerbated due to diffuse axonal injury (DAI) which based on the injury of white matter fibers and axons. Since mild and moderate brain injury or DAI are diffuse and subtle, conventional CT and MRI are difficult to make a positive diagnosis. Recent clinical study indicated that functional magnetic resonance imaging has a high detection rate in the diagnosis of acute mild and moderate brain injury, especially the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). This paper has reviewed the principles and characteristics of DTI and 1H-MRS, and recent research in the clinical and animal experiments on brain injury.
Animals ; Axons/pathology* ; Brain/pathology* ; Brain Concussion/pathology* ; Brain Injuries/pathology* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diffuse Axonal Injury/pathology* ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods* ; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/pathology* ; Severity of Illness Index

Objective To investigate the effect of Shensong Yangxin capsule on cardiac remodelling of myocardial infarction mouse model and the possible molecular mechanisms. Methods Adult male C57BL/6J mice were divided into sham operation group(n=10), model control group(n=20)and Shensong Yangxin group(n=20)according to random number table. Left anterior descending branch of coronary artery was ligated to establish myocardic infarction model in the model control group and Shensong Yangxin group. From the 2nd day after the surgery, Shensong Yangxin ( 400 mg . kg-1 ) was intragastrically administered, and the death rate of the mice was observed.Four weeks after the surgery, echocardiography was used to measure the cardiac function;myocardiac infarction area was detected by pathological staining;the expression levels of cardiac remodelling markers and extracellular matrix proteins were detected by RT-PCR. The possible molecular mechanisms were screened by Western blotting. Results As compared with the model control group, Shensong Yangxin significantly reduced the mortality after myocardial infarction in mice(P<0.05), as well as the myocardial infarct size(P<0.05).The mRNA expression levels of cardiac remodelling markers ANP, BNP, and β-MHC and the extracellular matrix proteins(collagenⅠ, collagen Ⅲ, CTGF, TGFβ) decreased significantly in the Shensong Yangxin group as compared with the model control group. Western blotting showed that Shensong Yangxin significantly decreased activation of smad3, and reduced expression level of smad4. Conclusion Shensong Yangxin attenuates cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction and the mechanism may be related with blockage of smad signaling pathway.

Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of inhaled aerosolized and intravenous milrinone,a phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor in rats with oleic acid-induced acute lung injury (ALI) .Methods Forty male SD rats weighing 300-350 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10 each) : group Ⅰ normal control: group Ⅱ ALI; group Ⅲ milfinone inhalation and group Ⅳ intravenous milrinone.The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 2% pentobarbital 40 mg/kg,tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated (FiO2 30%,VT 10 ml/kg,RR 80 bpm,I:E=1:2).The chest was opened and the heart was exposed.Pulmonary artery was catheterized via fight ventricle.MAP,CVP,airway pressure and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) were monitored.ALI was induced with 10% oleic acid 2 ml/kg administered through fight external jugular vein in group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ.In control group 0.1% BSA solution 2 ml/kg was administered iv instead of oleic acid.In group Ⅲ at 30 min after oleic acid administration aerosolized milrinone 1 mg/ml was inhaled 4 times at 60 min interval.Each time milrinone was inhaled for 10 min.In group Ⅳ at 30 min after oleic acid administration a bolus of 10 μg/kg milrinone was given iv followed by 10 min milrinone infusion at 1 μ·kg-1·min-1.The same procedure was repeated 4 times at 60 min interval.MAP and PAP were recorded and blood samples were taken from carotid artery and pulmonary artery for blood gas analysis at the 1st,2nd,3rd and 4th treatment.PaO2/FiO2 and Qs/Qt were calculated.The animals were sacrificed by exsanguination after the 4th treatment.The lungs were removed.The left lung was lavaged.Neutrophil count and protein content in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined.W/D lung weight ratio and lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured.The uhrastructure of the lung was examined with electron microscope.Results The MAP was significantly lower after oleic acid adminstration in group Ⅳ than in other 3 groups.PaO2/FiO2 was significantly decreased and Qs/Qt increased by iv oleic acid in group Ⅱ ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ.PAP was significantly increased after iv oleic acid in group Ⅱ ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ but was significantly lower in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ than in group Ⅱ .The neutrophil count and total protein content in BALF,W/D ratio and lung MPO activity were significantly increased in group Ⅱ ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ as compared with control group(Ⅰ) and were significantly higher in group Ⅳ than in group Ⅲ.The lung damage induced by oleic acid was less serious in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ than in group Ⅱ .Conclusion Inhaled aerosoLized milrinone has better therapeutic effect than intravenous milrinone in rats with oleic acid-induced ALI and is safer.

This study aims to perform a survey of genetic variation in neuraminidase (NA) gene of influenza A/H3N2 virus, as well as related resistance to NA inhibitors, in Qinghai Province of China, 2010 to 2012. Strains of influenza A/H3N2 isolated during an influenza survey from 2010 to 2012 in Qinghai were enrolled by random sampling. Viral RNA was extracted and amplified by RT-PCR. Purified PCR products were sequenced thereafter. Genetic analysis of nucleic acid and the derived amino acid sequences was performed by MEGA 4.0. Phylogenetic trees were also constructed. Strains isolated during 2010-2011 in this study clustered closely with World Health Organization (WHO) 2010-2012 reference vaccine strain A/Perth/16/2009 and 2008-2010 reference vaccine strain A/Brisbane/10/2007 on the phylogenetic tree, while the 2012 isolates were located on another branch. In analysis of derived amino acid sequences, the 2010 isolates mutated at K81T, the 2011 isolates mutated at I26V and D127N, while the 2012 isolates mutated at E41K, P46A, I58V, T71N, L81P, D93G, D127N, D151N, and I307M. The D151N mutation added a glycosylation site to the activity center of NA. No significant variation was discovered in H3N2 NA gene of 2010-2011 isolates in Qinghai, China. Isolates of 2012 were found with significant mutation, which has the potential of inducing minor resistance to NA inhibitors like zanamivir and oseltamivir.
Amino Acid Sequence ; China ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; classification ; enzymology ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neuraminidase ; chemistry ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Alignment ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics