OBJECTIVETo discuss the changes in Wnt pathway inhibiting factors in esophageal precancerosis lesions induced by methyl benzyl nitrosamine (MBNA) and the effect of Gexia Zhuyu decoction.

METHODWistar rats were subcutaneously injected with MBNA (3.5 mg x kg(-1) for twice per week to establish the model. Since the 1st day after the model establishment, they were orally administered with Gexia Zhuyu decoction (16, 8 mg x kg(-1)). At the 10th week, esophageal tissues were collected to observe the pathological changes of esophageal mucosa, detect SFRP1, sFRP4, Axin1, Axin2 and GSK-3β mRNA levels.by fluorescent quantitation PCR analysis and β-catenin protein level by Western blotting.

RESULTBeing induced by MBNA, rats in the model group showed slight atypical hyperplasia in the histopathological examination. Compared with the normal group, Gexia Zhuyu decoction dose high and low groups showed no significant pathomorphological and histological changes. The model group showed lower gene transcription levels of esophageal tissues sFRP1, sFRP4, Axin1 and Axin2 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and higher β-catenin protein expression level (P < 0.01) than the normal control group. The Gexia Zhuyu decoction low dose group showed higher gene transcription levels of esophageal tissues sFRP1, sFRP4, Axin1 and Axin2 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and lower β-catenin protein expression level (P < 0.01) than the normal control group.

CONCLUSIONUp-regulated β-catenin protein level and down-regulated Wnt pathway could enhance Wnt pathway activity of MBNA-induced esophageal precancerous lesions. Gexia Zhuyu decoction could down-regulate the β-catenin protein level and up-regulate the transcription level of Wnt pathway inhibiting factors, but could not block MBNA-induced esophageal precancerosis lesions.

Animals ; Axin Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Esophageal Diseases ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ; Humans ; Male ; Necrosis ; Nitrosamines ; adverse effects ; Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Wnt Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; drug effects

BACKGROUND:The traditional method of preparing tissue-engineered conduit has the defects of complex shape manufacturing and uncontrolable inner space structure, which cannot meet the requirements of some micro-catheters.
OBJECTIVE:To prepare a bionic spinal catheter and analyze its performance.
METHODS:The data model of the conduit was established using Solid Works software, and platform scan path was generated onthree-dimensionalprinter to produce the bionic spinal catheter with fibroin and colagen as raw materials. Then the water absorption, porosity, mechanical properties and celular compatibility of the conduits were detected. Next, the conduits were implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of rats and taken out at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after surgery, respectively, to observe the degradation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The porosity of the conduit was (53.6±1.0)%, the water absorption was (1347±19.4)%, and the compression modulus was (0.60±0.12) MPa. The micropores distributed uniformly with different size ranging from 10 to 240 μm. Spherical or fusiform stem cels survived in the pores and densely adhered to the conduit with pseudopodia. The degradation rate ofthe conduit was 20%, 59%, 74%and 100% at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after surgery, respectively. These findings indicate that the artificial bionic spinal catheter has good biocompatibility and degradability.

Pericyte, also known as mural cell or Rouget cell, is one of the main cells that make up the wall of capillaries. Pericytes play important roles not only in the maturation, stability, and function maintenance of blood vessels, but also in the growth and development of tissues and organs, wound repair, and other physiological and pathological processes. Researches on the functions of pericytes are mainly concentrated on their multipotency, adjustment of vascular functions, and process of fibrosis, as well as on renal fibrosis, renal blood flow regulation, and glomerular filtration in urology, but are quite insufficient in andrology. This article reviews the location, origin, distribution, morphology, markers, and functions of pericytes, aiming to induce further studies of pericytes in andrology.
Fibrosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Pericytes ; physiology ; Urogenital System ; cytology

Objective: We evaluated the effect of low-dose of ionizing radiation on thyroid function of medical occupational group with long-term exposure; furthermore; we analyzed the relationship between the thyroid hormones and the risk factors; such as exposure length; department. Ultimately; providing the scientific basis for setting the ionizing radiation protection standards. Methods: The population who engaged radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy in a tertiary-A hospital were set up as occupational exposure; 724 medical professionals as the research object. We figured out the basic information and general condition of the groups by face-to-face questionnaire survey; By means of the thyroid hormone testing; we analyzed the thyroid hormone levels with different population; occupational exposure factors. Then; obtained the prevalence of thyroid nodules by the thyroid ultrasound. Besides; we used the logistic regression model to analyze the risk factors related to thyroid nodule. Applying Epidata、Excel in data management. All the data was analyzed by statistical software package Stata12.0. Descriptive statistics; single factor analysis of variance and other statistical methods were used for data analysis. Test standard: α=0.05、P<0.05 statistical significant. Results: 1. Based on the work experience; we divided the study population into four groups; such as 1-9; 10-19; 20-29; and>30 years. The difference of the TSH level among the four groups was statistically significant (P<0.05) . 2. The multiple logistic regression showed that sex and seniority were the independent risk factors for the abnormal rate of thyroid nodules. Conclusion Long-term exposure to low-dose ionizing radiatiom could induce the thyroid damage of medical occupational population; which should be broader concerned.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of partial deletions in the AZFc region of the Y chromosome on spermatogenesis.

METHODSWe selected 9 sequence tagged sites (sY1258, sY1291, sY254, sY255, sY1201, sY1206, sY1161, sY1197 and sY1191) in the AZFc region of the Y chromosome, with ZFX/ZFY and SRY (sY14) as the interior control. We amplified by multiplex PCR the DNA of 160 patients with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia that showed no microdeletion of the Y chromosome (the case group) and another 76 males with normal fertility (the control group). For the individuals suspected of DAZ gene deletion, we detected the single nucleotide polymorphism sites (SNPs) in the four copies of the DAZ gene by single nucleotide variation (SNV) analysis to determine the types of DAZ copy deletion.

RESULTSIn the case group, there were 10 cases of gr/gr (sY1291) deletion (6.3%), 14 b2/b3 (sY1191) deletion (8.8%), 1 sY1291,sY1197 deletion (0.6%), 1 b1/b2 deletion (0.6%) and 1 b1/b3 deletion (0.6%), while in the control group, there were 4 cases of gr/gr deletion (5.3%) and 4 b2/b3 deletion (5.3%). SNV analysis showed DAZ1/DAZ2 deletion in all those with gr/gr and those with b1/b3 deletion, DAZ3/DAZ4 deletion in those with b2/b3 deletion, and DAZ-SNV sY587 deletion in 1 case of sY1291, sY1197 deletion, but no DAZ deletion was found in 1 case of b1/b2 deletion.

CONCLUSIONB2/b3 (sY1191) and gr/gr (sY1291) deletions are genomic polymorphisms and quite common in the normal Chinese population; while b1/b2, b1/b3, and sY1291, sY1197 deletions may be high risk factors of dyszoospermia.

Case-Control Studies ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; Humans ; Male ; Oligospermia ; genetics ; Sequence Deletion ; Spermatogenesis

Male infertility is a common and complex disease in urology and andrology, and for many years there has been no effective surgical treatment. With the emergence of microsurgery and assisted reproductive medicine (IVF/ICSI), rapid development has been achieved in the treatment of male infertility. The Center for Male Reproductive Medicine and Microsurgery at Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University has been playing an important leading role in developing microsurgical techniques for the management of male infertility. The development of microsurgical treatment of male infertility in China has experienced the 3 periods of emerging, making, and boosting ever since its systematic introduction from Weill Cornell Medical College 15 years ago. At present, many Chinese hospitals have adopted microsurgery in the management of male infertility, which has contributed to the initial establishment of a microsurgical treatment system for male infertility in China. However, some deficiencies do exist concerning microsurgical treatment of male infertility, as in normalized technical training programs for competent surgeons, unified criteria for evaluation of surgical outcomes, and detailed postoperative follow-up data. This article presents an overview on the 15-year development of microsurgical management of male infertility in China, points out the existing deficiencies, and offers some propositions for the promotion of its development.
China ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; surgery ; Male ; Microsurgery

A patient referred to our hospital, diagnosed with left idiopathic chronic orchialgia, was evaluated with a thorough medical and psychiatric history, physical examination, scrotal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Conservative management failed. The patient had temporary pain relief after undergoing outpatient cord block three times. Microsurgical denervation of the left spermatic cord was operated in March, 2011. A pain questionnaire was used to determine efficacy before and after operation, and complete pain relief was noted at one week after operation. The follow up period was 12 months, at the end of which the pain score was still zero. No complications, including testicular atrophy and hydrocele, occurred. Microsurgical denervation of the spermatic cord can be a minimally invasive, safe and effective management option for treatment of idiopathic chronic orchialgia.
Denervation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spermatic Cord ; surgery ; Testicular Diseases ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy of three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) quantitative coronary X-ray angiography (QCA) and visual estimation in the assessment of target vessels.

METHODSThe radiographic data of 60 patients (65 vessel segments) receiving coronary angiography and interventional stent placement were retrospectively analyzed. The area stenosis, diameter stenosis, lesion length, and reference diameter assessed by Medis 3D QCA, Siemens 2D QCA and visual estimation were compared.

RESULTSThree-dimensional reconstruction was successfully performed for 65 vessel segments, and 3 target vessel were excluded due to the lack of a second angiographic view for 3D reconstruction. There were significant differences in the assessments of the area stenosis [(73.87 ∓ 8.98)% vs (79.10 ∓ 8.06)% vs (83.53 ∓ 8.19)%, P<0.001], lesion length (28.95 ∓ 17.31 mm vs 26.20 ∓ 16.04 mm vs 27.21 ∓ 16.58 mm, P<0.001), reference diameter (28.95 ∓ 17.31 mm vs 26.2 ∓ 16.04 mm vs 27.21∓16.58 mm, P<0.001) by 3D QCA, 2D QCA and visual estimation; the diameter stenosis assessed by 3D [(54.21 ∓ 9.48)%] and 2D QCA [(57.84 ∓ 10.17)%] also differed significantly (P=0.016).

CONCLUSION3D QCA allows successful three-dimensional reconstruction of the target vessel and restores the actual dimensions of the vessel for a more accurate assessment of coronary artery disease than 2D QCA and visual estimation.

Aged ; Coronary Angiography ; methods ; Coronary Disease ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Coronary Vessels ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo carry out prenatal diagnosis on two fetuses of different pedigrees with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD).

METHODSThe amniotic fluid was obtained with the help of a clinical doctor and the genomic DNA was isolated from it. Maternal DNA contamination was excluded by fluorescent STR profiling, The R617G mutation found in the first pedigree was searched in genomic DNA of amniotic fluid cells (AFC) from fetus 1 by amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) and dot DNA hybridization while the P534R mutation found in pedigree 2 was analyzed in the AFC genomic DNA of fetus 2 by restrictive digestion with Hae II and DNA direct sequencing.

RESULTSA specific band (185 bp) was detected from the genomic DNA of the first fetus and his mother by using mutation primer in ARMS but not from that of the first fetus's father and unrelated controls. DNA dots were visualized only in the fetus 1 and carrier when using the mutation probe in DNA hybridization. In the other ALD family, the PCR product (506 bp) of the second fetus which spanned the site of P534R mutation could not be digested with Hae II and no mutation was detected in the ABCD1 gene from the genomic DNA of the fetus 2 by using DNA direct sequencing.

CONCLUSIONFetus 1 had R617G mutation on his ABCD1 gene and he was an adrenoleukodystrophy hemizygote. Fetus 2 had no P534R mutation on his ABCD1 gene and he was a normal hemizygote.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family D, Member 1 ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; genetics ; Adrenoleukodystrophy ; diagnosis ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; methods ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; methods

Objective To explore whether the expression level of heparanase (HPA) and its coagulation proteins on leukemic blast membrane could determine the hemostatic balance on the surface of leukemia cells.Methods Forty patients of leukemia were studied,and 20 patients with iron dificient anemia as the control group.Expression of tissue factor (TF),heparanase (HPA),tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI),and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (UPAR) on leukemic blast surfaces were analyzed by flowcytometry.Results The expression of TF,UPAR,and HPA in AML,ALL,CML,CLL and CRAL groups were significantly higher compared with the control group (t =.3.289,3.507,2.701,P ＜0.05; t =2.498,0.802,3.090,P ＜0.05; t =2.642,3.308,2.696,P ＜0.05; t =3.417,3.434,2.382,P ＜0.05; t =2.193,2.272,2.263,P ＜0.05).There were no significantly differences between the leukemic cell expression of TFPI and the control group (P ＞0.05).Expression of TF,UPAR,HPA in AML patients were significantly higher than ALL,CML and CLL groups (t =2.463,2.179,2.276,P ＜0.05; t =2.637,2.402,2.095,P ＜0.05; t =2.548,2.425,2.412,P ＜0.05).The levels of TF,UPAR and HPA in M3,M4 and M5 patients were higher than that of M1,M2 groups (P ＜0.05).There were no significantly differences among M3,M4 and M5 (P ＞0.05).Conclusions These results suggest that TF,UPAR and HPA are predominately expressed on leukemic blast surface,particularly in M3and M4,5 subtypes.The expression of coagulation proteins on blast membrane might determine the hemostatic balance on the surface of leukemia cells.