Child ; China ; Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Syncope ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Tilt-Table Test

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Head ; innervation ; Humans ; Neuritis ; therapy

A questionnaire was used to survey the perspective of the 22 mentors,24 students, 27 graduate students and 27 public health units on the competence of MPH student. The result showed that the practice skill,analyzing skill,program plan and practice skill,and emergency reaction abil-ity got more attention. This suggested that to the training of MPH,the training objective should focus on the ability to resolve problems; the curriculum should focus on the characters of public health and on the practice training.

Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Trichothiodystrophy Syndromes ; etiology

Seven compounds were isolated from fermentation extract of cave-derived Metarhizium anisopliae NHC-M3-2 by silica gel, semi-preparative HPLC and other chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated by UV, IR, MS and NMR methods as 2,3-dehydroindigotide G (1), (-)-regiolone (2), naphtho-γ-pyrone (3), indigotide G (4), indigotide B (5) destruxin A (6) and destruxin B (7). Compound 1 is a new glycoside naphthopyranone compound. The anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity of these compounds was evaluated. The EC₅₀ and CC₅₀ of compound 3 against HBV were 4.5 μmol·L^-1 and 92.3 μmol·L^-1, respectively. This is the first report of the antiviral activity of compound 3.

Abstract: Objective　To explore the correlation between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) and insulin resistance (IR) in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with metabolic-related fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Methods A total of 454 male patients with T2DM combined with MAFLD in National Metabolic Management Center (MMC) of the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University from May 2018 to July 2020 were enrolled. The general clinical data of subjects were collected, blood routine and biochemical indexes were tested, homeostasis model insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated, visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) were measured. Accordingtothe MHR quartile, patients were divided into group Q1 (MHR≤0.38), group Q2 (0.380.64) to compare the differences in measured indicators above. In addition, patients were divided into two groups according to HOMA-IR, HOMA-IR<2.5 and HOMA-IR≥2.5, and the differences in MHR were compared. Results The patients were divided into four groups according to MHR:group Q1 (n=115), group Q2 (n=110), group Q3 (n=120) and group Q4 (n=109). Fasting insulin (FINS) were respectively 6.17(4.20,9.76), 7.73(4.94,10.66), 8.92(5.32,11.33) and 9.13(5.25,12.27) mU/L, 2-hour postprandial insulin were 22.75(12.87,39.59), 27.55(16.44,39.77), 30.98(17.46,43.11) and 31.28(18.54,45.92) U/L. HOMA-IR were 3.12(1.63,4.25), 3.72(2.26,4.66), 3.87(2.48,5.44) and 3.95(2.42,5.31). Neutrophil (Neu) were 3.10(2.60,3.70), 3.20(2.50,3.93), 3.60(2.80,4.28), 4.20(3.30,5.00)×109/L. Subcutaneous fat area (SFA) were (181.27±53.60), (192.64±62.41), (199.53±61.40) and (203.69±71.51) cm2. They all increased gradually. However, the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) [1.18(1.06,1.35), 1.02(0.86,1.17), 0.96(0.80,1.03) and 0.80(0.69,0.92) mmol/L] and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) [(3.00±0.79), (2.76±0.83), (2.67±0.85) and (2.59±0.92) mmol/L] decreased gradually. Pearson's or Spearman's correlation analysis showed that MHR was positively correlated with FINS, 2-hour postprandial insulin (2hINS), HOMA-IR, VFA and SFA (r=0.190, 0.153, 0.184, 0.114, 0.127, P<0.05). The coronary heart disease history, systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,fasting plasmaglucose (FPG), FINS, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood uric acid (Ur), body mass index (BMI), VFA, SFA and MHR of patients in group HOMA-IR≥2.5 were higher than group HOMA-IR<2.5 (P<0.05). Conclusion　MHR is positively correlated with IR in male patients with T2DM combined with MAFLD, and as MHR increases, the degree of IR is higher.

AIM:To dynamically observe and compare the relative changes of the indexes from the process of acute inflammation to chronic remodeling in asthmatic mice induced by ovalbumin ( OVA) .METHODS:Female BALB/c mice (n=60) were randomly divided into normal control group and asthma group .The mice in asthma group were sensi-tized and challenged by OVA , while the mice in normal group received equal volume of normal saline ( NS) .The challenge was performed for 3 consecutive days from the 21th day to observe the response of acute inflammation , and then the mice in different groups were challenged once per week for 5 weeks.Detailed comparisons of the dynamic changes of cell infiltra-tion, cytokine expression and airway remodeling were conducted .RESULTS:Compared with NS group , the mice in OVA group showed a predominantly eosinophilic infiltration into the airway lumen , increased production of Th 2-type cytokines , secretion of epithelial mucus and deposition of subepithelial collagen .In OVA challenge groups , the levels of inflammatory cells and inflammatory factors were remarkably higher in 24 d group, whereas the most obvious changes of goblet cell hyper-plasia and airway remodeling were observed in 52 d group.CONCLUSION:Acute asthma model is sufficiently induced by 3 consecutive days of OVA challenge protocol , which is accompanied with high levels of inflammatory cells and inflammato-ry factors.The OVA challenge protocol once per week for 5 weeks could induce a chronic asthma model with obvious airway remodeling .

Objective To establish HPLC determination method and impurity profile of the related substances in metronidazole.Methods A Welch Ultimate(R)XB-C1s (4.6 mm× 250 mm,5 μm)was used with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-1.36 g· L-1 solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (20∶ 80).The detection wavelength was 315 nm and the flow rate was 1 mL· min-1.Its related substances were determined by principal component self-contrast method.Results Good separation of metronidazole and the impurities could be achieved.Twenty batches of samples in the past six years were determined which meet quality standards.The study of impurity profiles could effectively monitor the synthetic process and the change of impurities in metronidazole.Conclusion The method is simple,quick and sensitive,which can be used to control the related substances in metronidazole.Meanwhile,the impurity profiles ensure the quality stability of metronidazole.

Objective To identify lesion patterns and stroke mechanisms in middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory using early diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) combined with CTA as well as EKG and echocardiography.Methods One hundred and forty-eight acute ischemic stroke patients who had (1) symptomatic lesions located in the unilateral MCA territory on DWI performed within 1 week of symptom onset,and (2) either corresponding MCA disease,internal carotid artery (ICA) disease,MCA & ICA disease or cardio embolism (CE),or (3) neither corresponding MCA disease,ICA disease,nor CE which were taken as group of negative results (NR),were reviewed.Acute DWI lesion patterns were classified as (1) single (small perforator < 2 cm;large perforator ≥2 cm;pial;large territorial;border-zone) and (2) multiple according to principle of single-blind.Results There were 12 types of lesions in MCA territory.Distribution of lesion patterns in different stroke subtypes might be different (χ2= 55.88,P = 0.004).No specific pattern could be found in patients with MCA disease,ICA disease,MCA & ICA disease or CE.Big perforator infarcts might be more common in patients with MCA disease than with ICA disease and CE.Compared with negative group,concomitant perforator and pial infarcts were more common in patients with ICA disease (7/27,χ2=6.61,P <0.05),especially with severe stenosis or occlusion (5/16,χ2=7.32,P < 0.05);No specific pattern could be found in patients with MCA disease or CE.Concomitant perforator,pial,with border-zone infarcts (6/30,χ2= 6.41,P <0.05),and concomitant perforator with border-zone infarcts (4/30,χ2= 5.59,P < 0.05) were more often in patients with severe stenosis or occlusion of MCA.Conclusion Different lesion patterns may indicate different mechanisms of stroke such as hypoperfusion and arterial embolism could be coexistent in MCA territory.The relationship has not been identified perfectly.

To establish a method of directional differentiation and efficient production of neurons from embryonic stem cells (ES cells) in vitro, based on the 4-/4+ protocol described by Bain, a new method was established to induce ES cells differentiating into neurons by means of three-step differentiation using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) combined with astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) in Vitro. The totipotency of ES cells was identified by observation of cells' morphology and formations of teratoma in immunocompromised mice. The cells' differentiation was evaluated continuously by the detection of the specific cellular markers of neural stem cells, neurons and astrocytes, including nestin, NSE and GFAP using immunohistochemistry assay. The NSE positive cells' ratio of the differentiated cells was determined by flow cytometry. It was found that the transparent circular clusters surrounding embryoid bodies induced with combining induction protocol formed just after 24 h and gradually enlarged later. This phenomenon could not be observed in EBs induced only by ATRA. The NSE positive cells' ratio in the cells induced with ATRA and ACM was higher than that of the cells induced by ATRA at different time points of differentiation, and finally reached up to 73.5% among the total differentiated population. It was concluded that ES cells could be induced into neurons with high purity and yield by means of inducing method combining with ATRA and ACM.
Astrocytes/*cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Neurons/*cytology ; Stem Cells/*cytology ; Tretinoin/pharmacology