OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of adaptin-2(AP-2) in mice cochlea and to discuss the probable role in the endocytosis of hair cells. METHOD: Laser scanning confocal microscopy and immune-fluroscence histochemistry were performed in this study. RESULT: In mature mice cochlea, the immunoreactivity for AP-2 was found in the inner hair cells cytoplasm. This protein mainly expressed in the hair cells basal part and nearby the ribbon synapse. CONCLUSION AP-2 protein mainly expressed in the hair cells synaptic activity zone , which suggested that AP-2 could play an important role in the synaptic vesicle endocytosis. This finding built the foundation for the further research involved in the physiological and pathological role of AP-2.
Adaptor Protein Complex alpha Subunits ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cochlea ; Hair Cells, Auditory ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner ; metabolism ; Mice ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Synapses

Adolescent ; Cardiomyopathies ; complications ; genetics ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Pedigree ; Sick Sinus Syndrome ; complications ; genetics

AIM: To investigate the inhibition of the recombinant human endostatin adenavirus (Ad-Es) on the experimental choroidal neovascularization(CNV) models by intravitreous injection.METHODS: Experimental CNV models were induced by semiconductor laser in 30 male Brown Norway(BN) rats and randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 rats in each group.At 21d after photocoagulation, the single administration group were given intravitreous injection with Ad-Es 0.01mL;the repeated administration group were given intravitreous injection with Ad-Es 0.01mL and a repeated injection 7d later;the saline control group were given intravitreous injection with saline 0.01mL.At 7d after final administration, the leakage of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was observed.Various CNV areas were measured by using laser confocal microscopy of choroidal flatmount method.Pathology and ultrastructure were observed with light microscopy, the expressions of CD105 were measured by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: The leakage of CNV of the administration group abviously decreased as compared with those in the saline group, the leakage of repeated administration group decreased compared with that of single administration group (P<0.05).Laser confocal microscope quantitative CNV analysis showed that CNV area of the administration group was significantly smaller than that of control group, the area of repeated administration group was smaller than that of single administration group (P<0.05).Under the light microscope, the vascular endothelial cell number and quantity of the administration group were significantly lower than that of the control group, the cell number of repeated administration group was lower than that of single administration group.CD105 expression of the administration group was significantly weaker than that in the saline group;the expression of repeated administration group was weaker than that of single administration group.CONCLUSION: Ad-Es can effectively inhibit semiconductor laser induced CNV in BN rats, and the inhibition effect of repeated administration group is better than that of single administration group.It may be a useful new method in the treatment of CNV.

Objective To explore the clinical diagnostic value of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in patients with kidney neoplasms.Methods Seventy-nine patients (52 males,27 females,average age (57.3 ± 14.1) years),who had definitive diagnosis of kidney neoplasms by 18F-FDG PET/CT and pathological or clinical comprehensive diagnosis in recent five years,were analyzed retrospectively.The diagnosis by PET/CT was made according to the changes of kidney shape,tumor density and FDG uptake (SUVmax).The diagnostic efficacy was calculated.Results Among the 79 patients,70 cases were finally diagnosed as malignant tumors (including 40 cases of renal cell carcinoma,5 cases of renal pelvis carcinoma,8 cases of lymphoma,16 cases of metastatic tumor,and 1 case of renal fascia capsule liposarcoma) and 9 cases of benign tumors (including 7 cases of angiomyolipomas,1 case of renal acidophilic cell adenoma,1 case of metanephric adenoma; the benign tumors did not contain small lipid sample hamartoma cases).The detective rate of kidney neoplasms with 18F-FDG PET/CT was 97.5％ (77/79).For the identification of benign and malignant lesions,the sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET/CT was 92.9％ (65/70),specificity was 7/9,accuracy was 91.1％ (72/79),positive predictive value was 97.0％ (65/67),and negative predictive value was 58.3 ％ (7/12).Conclusions 18 F-FDG PET/CT can detect and identify most of kidney tumors.Whole-body checking and comprehensive evaluation on kidney cancer patients are still the main advantages of PET/CT.

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is a key regulator of developmental processes. A FGF homolog (vFGF) is found in all lepidopteran baculoviruses. Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) and Bombyx mori NPV (BmNPV) vFGFs are chemotactic factors. Here we analyzed the vfgf of Helicoverpa armigera NPV (HearNPV), a group Ⅱ NPV. The HearNPV vfgftranscripts were detected from 18 to 96 h post-infection (hpi) of Hz-AMI cells with HearNPV and encoded a 36 kDa protein, which was secreted into the culture medium. HearNPV vFGF had strong affinity to heparin, a property important for FGF signaling via an FGF receptor. Unlike its AcMNPV homolog, HearNPV vFGF specially chemoattracted Hz-AM 1, but not other insect cells such as Sf9 and Se-UCR and not the mammalian cells 293 and HepG2. HearNPV vFGF is also associated with the envelope of BV but is absent in occlusion-derived virus, which coordinated to the chemotatic activity analysis.

Baculoviruses produce two viral phenotypes, the budded virus (BV) and the occlusion-derived virus (ODV). ODVs are released from occlusion bodies in the midgut where they initiate a primary infection. Due to the lack of an in vitro system, the molecular mechanism of ODV infection is still unclear. Here we present data demonstrating that Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) ODV infected cultured Hz-AM1 cells in a pH dependent manner. The optimal pH for ODV infection was 8.5, which is same to that in the microvilli of midgut epithelial cells, the ODV native infection sites. Antibodies neutralization analysis indicated that four HearNPV oral infection essential genes p74, pif-1, pif-2 and pif-3 are also essential for HearNPV ODV infection in vitro. Thus, HearNPV-HzAM1 system can be used to analyze the mechanism of ODV entry.

Objective To investigate the effects of different ligation position,vena coronaria variation and lidocaine on myocardial infarction size and mortality in rats Methods Totally 120 male SD rats were divided into four groups with 30 rats in each group: low ligation with invisible vena coronaria,low ligation with visible vena coronaria,high ligation,and high ligation plus lidocaine Results MI was successfully created in 930% rats of high ligation groups and in 673% rats of low ligation groups The mortality was 433% in rats of high ligation groups,only 133% in rats when lidocaine in use Conclusion High ligation increases the success rate of rat model of myocardial infarction and the application of lidocaine decreases the mortality of the rat model

Objective To investigate the effects of telmisartan on oxidative stress in type 1 diabetic rats.Methods Type 1 diabetic rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in adult male Wistar rats.Sixteen diabetic rats were randomly divided into two groups (8 each):diabetic mellitus group (DM) and telmisartan group (T).Eight normal rats were employed as the control group (Con group).After 12 weeks,body weight (BW) and heart weight (HW) were measured to calculate HW/BW.Glutathione (GSH),malondialdehyde (MDA),the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated by spectrophotometer.Ultrastructure of myocardial cells was observed by transmission electron microscope.Results There was no significant difference in blood glucose levels between DM group and T group at the 7th day and 12th week after STZ injection,but the blood glucose levels in the both groups were significantly higher than that in Con group (P0.05).The MDA level was higher (P

OBJECTIVETo explore the analgesic effect of Zhixin Formula (ZF) and its effects on spinal glial fibrillary acidic protein (glial fibillary acidic protein, GFAP, a marker of astrocyte) , CD11b (a maker of microglia), Toll like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in bone cancer pain model rats.

METHODSTotally 20 male SD rats were randomly divided into the blank control group and the bone cancer pain group, 10 in each group. The bone cancer pain model was induced by injecting ascites tumor fluid containing 3 x 10(3) Walker256 cell line from the left tibia. Ethological tests, X-ray test, and HE staining were performed to confirm a successful modeling. After model was successfully established, 70 male SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups, 10 in each group: the blank control group, the bone cancer pain group (as the model group), the Western medicine (WM) group (Tramadol Hydrochloride), the high dose ZF group, the middle dose ZF group, the low dose ZF group, and the Chinese medicine (CM) group (Wulin Zhitong Capsule). Fourteen days after modeling, rats in the high, middle, and low dose ZF groups were administrated by gastrogavage with 9, 4.5, and 2.25 g/kg ZF water condensed preparation respectively, once a day for seven consecutive days. On day 21 MS typical protein expressions including GFAP, CD11b, TLR (2,4) and NF-κB from cornu dorsal medullae spindis L4-L5 were detected by immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot.

RESULTSCompare with the blank control group, increased weight in the model group was slow and showed a decreasing trend (P < 0.01), spontaneous ambulatory pain score (SAPS) obviously increased (P < 0.01), paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) obviously decreased in the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Results of lateral tibial X-ray and HE staining showed obvious changes and damage occurred in bone structures of rats in the model group. Immunohistochemistry showed that GFAP expression significantly increased in the model group (P < 0.05). Protein levels of NF-κB also significantly increased in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, CD11b expressions obviously decreased in the middle and high dose ZF groups (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, protein expressions of TLR2 and TLR4, as well as NF-κB also obviously decreased (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONZF had analgesic effect, which might be probably related to inhibiting proliferation and activation of gliocytes, as well as activation of TLRs and NF-κB.

Animals ; Astrocytes ; Bone Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; Male ; Microglia ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Osteosarcoma ; Pain ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

In order to identify Aucklandiae Radix, Vladimiriae Radix, Inulae Radix, Aristolochiae Radix and Kadsurae Radix using ITS2 barcodes, genomic DNA from sixty samples was extracted and the ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer) regions were amplified and sequenced. The genetic distances were computed using MEGA 5.0 in accordance with the kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model and the neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree was constructed. The results indicated that for Aucklandiae Radix (Aucklandia lappa), Vladimiriae Radix (Vladimiria souliei and V. souliei var. cinerea), Inulae Radix (Inula helenium), Aristolochiae Radix (Aristolochia debilis) and Kadsurae Radix (Kadsura longipedunculata), the intra-specific variation was smaller than inter-specific one. There are 162 variable sites among 272 bp after alignment of all ITS2 sequence haplotypes. For each species, the intra-specific genetic distances were also smaller than inter-specific one. Furthermore, the NJ tree strongly supported that Aucklandiae Radix, Vladimiriae Radix, Inulae Radix, Aristolochiae Radix and Kadsurae Radix can be differentiated. At the same time, V. souliei (Dolomiaea souliei) and V. souliei var. cinerea( D. souliei var. cinerea) belonging to Vladimiriae Radix were clearly identified. In conclusion, ITS2 barcode could be used to identify Aucklandiae Radix, Vladimiriae Radix, Inulae Radix, Aristolochiae Radix and Kadsurae Radix. Our study may provide a scientific foundation for clinical safe use of the traditional Chinese medicines.
Aristolochia ; classification ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; classification ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics ; Quality Control