The origin place and quality of the traditional medicinal materials have been revolutionized in the last hundred years. The cultivated one, loom larger and larger, have become popular, with a result of declined quality, varied origin place, lack of criterion to measure quality, and confused definition usage, etc. The famous-region drug, with a high quality, should be defined not only as the origin place, but also as specific germplasm, ecological condition, and modes of production. On the basis of defining the concept of genuine medicinal materials, optimizing germplasm resources and origin place and strengthening the research of quality formation would be a main route to improve the quality of cultivated medicinal materials and promote the healthy development of traditional Chinese medicine industry.

With the increase in population and depletion of resources, the wild resources of Chinese materia medica are not enough to meet the demand of human, so the cultivated resources become a major source, resulting in severe degradation of herbal medicine quality. It poses a serious threat to traditional Chinese medicine with thousands of years of history. The cultivation is the most basic and effective means to solve the shortage of resources, and improving the quality of the cultivated medicinal materials is the key to deal with this problem. In this paper, the current production and developments of herbal medicine were discussed, the problems of blindly expanding planting area, lack of enough attention to germ plasm resource and advanced production technology were prevalent. The idea of improving the quality and yield of cultivated medicinal materials was put forward. On the premise of improving the quality and yield of medicinal materials, the cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials should optimize the planting area, standardize the cultivation of fine high-quality germplasm, improve the production technology of high-quality medicinal materials, and expand the application market of Chinese materia medica to expand Chinese traditional culture.

In order to search for a new pathway to improve the yield of ginseng through growing at the full sun shine accompanied by salicylic acid (SA), the net photosynthetic rate (P(n)), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA) in Panax ginseng leaves, and the content of ginsenosides in roots were compared under various concentrations of SA and full sun shine with the traditional shade shed. Under the full sun shine, 0.05, 0.2 mmol x L(-1) SA increased net photosynthetic rate to a great extent. Under the cloudy day, the average net photosynthetic rate increased by 127.8% and 155.0% over the traditional shade shed, 13.9% and 27.5% over the treatment without SA respectively; under the clear day, 23.5% and 30.4% over the traditional shade shed, 8.6% and 14.6% over the treatment without SA, particularly obvious in the morning and late afternoon. With such concentration, SA increased activities of SOD, CAT, POD, and decreased the contents of the MDA. This difference resulted from different light intensity, rise of light saturation point, and fall of compensation point. Full sun shine decreased ginsenosides contents, but with SA, the ginsenosides regained, the content of Rg1 and Re, Rb1, total six types of ginsenosides in SA 0.2 mmol x L(-1) group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05) and other groups. The application of 0.2 mmol x L(-1) SA under full sun shine during a short time has little threat to the P. ginseng in spring, and could enhance the resistance to the adversity, which would improve the yield of ginseng heavily.
Catalase ; analysis ; metabolism ; Ginsenosides ; analysis ; metabolism ; Light ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; metabolism ; Panax ; chemistry ; drug effects ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Peroxidases ; analysis ; metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; drug effects ; Plant Proteins ; analysis ; metabolism ; Salicylic Acid ; pharmacology ; Seasons ; Superoxide Dismutase ; analysis ; metabolism

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Genital Neoplasms, Male ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paget Disease, Extramammary ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Paget's Disease, Mammary ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Penile Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Scrotum ; Vulvar Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

The establishment of quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine system that not only accords with Chinese medicine function characteristics but also is recognized as international medical circles, is an arduous task in urgent need of solving the current modernization of traditional Chinese medicine in the process of internationalization. It is difficult to evaluate atraditional Chinese medicine by detection of single active components in traditional Chinesemedicinewiththe western medicine quality controlmethod due to the overall effects of traditional Chinese drugs, the components of the overall diversity, targets, and the complexity of the interaction between components of unpredictable make the Long-term since, domestic and foreign scholars continue to explore and put forward a series of quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine to promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine. This article summarized the related academic ideas and developments to, providea new thought and perspective for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine.
Drug Evaluation ; methods ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathological features of testicular malignant Leydig cell tumor (TMLCT) and improve the non-invasive diagnosis of the disease.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data on a case of TMLCT, detected the circulating tumor cells (CTC) in the peripheral venous blood, and reviewed the related literature.

RESULTSThe patient, a 47-year-old male, underwent radical orchidoepididymectomy under general anesthesia. Postoperative pathology confirmed the lesion to be TMLCT, which was mainly composed of Leydig cells and suspected with vessel carcinoma embolus. Immunohistochemistry showed the tumor cells to be positive for α-inhibin, Ki67, CD30, vimentin, EMA, and PLAP, but negative for CK, CK7, S100, CD10, SMA, Des, AFP, hCG, CEA, CK19, CD117, Oct-4, LCA, CD20, Pax-5, CD3, and CD43. Two CTCs were detected in the peripheral venous blood. The patient received 3 courses of chemotherapy for retroperitoneal multiple lymph nodes metastasis post-operatively. Subsequent CT imaging manifested no obvious reduction of the retroperitoneal lymph nodes and consequently the patient again underwent retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy and cryoablation. At 8 months after treatment, CT examination revealed notably enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes with the right adrenal gland evidently invaded.

CONCLUSIONTMLCT is an extremely rare sex-gonad stromal tumor with high malignancy and poor prognosis, and CTCs may be used for its early diagnosis and prognostic prediction.

Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leydig Cell Tumor ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Testicular Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery

Objective To screen the optimized Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD);To verify it. Methods H2O2 was used to induce PC12 cell oxidative stress models. MTT method was used to determine the prevention effects of BYHWD at different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.5 mg/mL) on in vitro oxidative stress cell models to define the optimized concentration. Orthogonal design was used to divide BYHWD single medicine into decomposed BYHWD groups, control group (only with DMEM), normal group (without H2O2 and medicine processing), and model group, to investigate the protective effects on PC12 cells. Optimized BYHWD was screened to decide the compatibility ratio of each medicine. MTT was used to detect the cell survival rate in each group. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was used to replicate MACO rat models. SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group, BYHWD group and optimized BYHWD high-, medium-and low-dose groups. Each medication group was given relevant medicine for gavage. The screened results were verified. Results Compared with other decomposed BYHWD groups, the protective effects of the compatibility of Astragali Radix+Chuanxiong Rhizoma+Pheretima on PC12 cells was the best (P<0.05), which was nearly equaled to BYHWD. Compared with the model group, BYHWD and the optimized one could evidently reduce cerebral cortex infarction area and improve the impaired brain edema (P<0.05), and the medium-dose group was the best. Conclusion The optimized BYHWD ratio is:Astragali Radix:Chuanxiong Rhizoma:Pheretima=10:3:1.

Objective To investigate the impact of CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ regulatory T(Treg) cells on tumor recurrence in liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Im-munohistochemistry and flow cytometry were used for analysis of the frequency of Treg. Meanwhile,it was compared with that of non-cancer liver transplantation patients. Results The frequency of CD4+CD25+ FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in the blood of HCC liver transplantation was (10. 15 ±1. 00) % , which was significantly higher than that in the normal control group (3. 20±1. 18) %. Cir-culating CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ Treg frequency was increased significantly and correlated with the tumor recurrence in the HCC patients. An abundant accumulation of Treg concurrent with significant-ly reduced infiltration of CD8+T cells was found in tumor regions. Conclusion Increased CD4+ D25+FoxP3+ Treg may impair the effectors function of CD8+ T cells, promote the tumor recurrence and re-present a therapeutic target for HCC liver transplantation.

OBJECTIVETo establishing a standard processing method for cultivated Saposhnikovia divaricata.

METHODCrude drug was dried at different temperature, and the contents of prim-O-glucosyl-cimifugin,cimifugin,4'-O-beta-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol, sec-O-glucosyl-hamaudol in the processed crude drug were determined by HPLC.

RESULTOf the contents of the four compounds, the sample that heated by 45 degrees C was at the best level. Prim-O-glucosggl-cinmifugin was 0.636%, cimifugin was 0.043%, 5-O-methtlvsamminol was 0.598%, sec-O-glu-cosyl-hamaudol was 1.85%, and total content was 1.302%.

CONCLUSIONThe best drying temperature for processing is 45 degrees C.

Apiaceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Hot Temperature ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Temperature

A fast and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of prodrug of paclitaxel (Pro-PTX) and paclitaxel (PTX) in rat plasma was developed. The plasma samples were subjected to protein precipitation with acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid), and then separated by LC with an Ultimate AQ-C18 column (50 mm × 3.0 mm, 3 μm) and acetonitrile-1 mmol·L^-1 ammonium formate (containing 0.1% formic acid) as the mobile phase. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scanning mode was used to detect the ion responses m/z 983.4→415.2 (Pro-PTX), m/z 854.4→286.1 (PTX) and m/z 808.3→527.2 (Docetaxel, internal standard) by using a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization source and positive ion mode. The method validation results show that the linear ranges of Pro-PTX and PTX in plasma were 2.00-500 ng·mL^-1 (r > 0.99) and 4.00-1 000 ng·mL^-1 (r > 0.99), the lower limit of quantification was 2.00 ng·mL^-1 and 4.00 ng·mL^-1, respectively; the quality control samples with low, medium and high concentrations of Pro-PTX and PTX were within the batch, the relative standard deviation (RSD) between batches were all less than 9%; the relative deviation (RE) was within the range of ± 9%; In the stability test, both Pro-PTX and PTX in plasma were stable under various storage conditions. The method was sensitive, specific, and reproducible, and was suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of Pro-PTX in rats. Animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of Laboratory Animal Management and Animal Welfare, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.: 00003552).