Background Abnormality of intraocular pressure (IOP) leads to ocular shape change and functional damage.Previous study on the influence factors of IOP mostly focus on eye tissue,but the research of systemic affecting factor is lack.Objective This study was to survey the distribution of IOP and its association with the systemic factors in Chinese population.Methods A cross-section study was designed in this study.The subjects were enrolled from the government employees physical check-up cohort in Guangzhou.IOP was measured using non-contact tonometry.The height,weight and blood pressure were measured based on a presupposed standard protocol.Fundus and slit lamp examinations were performed by trained ophthalmologists.Frequency-doubled perimetry was carried out in the subjects with the suspicious optical disc abnormality,and abnormal perimetry result and operated eye were rejected in the survey.The operative history was learned by questionnaire.Stata 11.0 was used for the data analysis.Results Total 7763 subjects finished all the examination,including 4213 male and 3550 female.Four hundred and fifteen subjects were excluded due to previous intraocular surgery and glaucoma,and the clinical data of the right eyes of 7348 subjects who were eligible for the protocol were brought into statistical analysis.The mean IOP was (15.6±2.8) mmHg in the subjects,and that in the male and female subjects was (15.6±2.8) mmHg and (15.7±2.8) mmHg,respectively,showing a statistically significant difference (t =2.415,P =0.016).A good consistence was found in the IOP between the right eyes and the left eyes (r=0.830,P＜0.001).The IOP value in the subjects presented with a near normal distribution.IOP value was gradually decreased with the increase of age.Multivariate regression suggested a negative correlation between IOP and age or gender (P＜0.001) as well as a positive correlation between IOP and body weight index (BMI),systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure (P ＜0.001).Conclusions Similar to other studies in East Asia population,IOP is associated with age,gender,BMI,systolic and diastolic blood pressure in this survey.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical significance of primary suture of common bile duct and early intermittented clamping of T-tube.MethodsOne hundred and one cases underwent bile duct surgery were divided into three group by random digits table,in which 33 cases were performed with primary suture of common bile duct (group A),33 cases were applied of early intermittented clamping of T-tube (group B),the other 35 cases were clamped T-tube as in routine measures (group C).The efficacy was compared between three groups.ResultsThe postoperative intestinal function recovery time,fluid support,hospitalization time in group A and group B was (47.63 ± 12.42) h,(2.75 ± 0.27) L/d,(8.0 ± 0.3) d and (57.63 ± 14.15) h,(2.97 ±0.49) L/d,(10.0 ± 0.4) d,which was significantly decreased compared with those in group C [ ( 98.27 ± 30.35 ) h,( 3.63 ± 0.38 ) L/d,( 19.0 ± 1.1 ) d ] (P ＜ 0.05 ).Postoperative intestinal function recovery in group A was significantly increased compared with those in group B (P ＜ 0.05 ).Alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,Gamma-glutamine transferase,body temperature,white blood cell count,total bilirubin,postoperative biliary fistula,common bile duct residual stones,stenosis of the common bile duct had no significant differences among three groups (P ＞ 0.05). ConclusionsPrimary suture of common bile duct and early intermittented clamping of T-tube can accelerate recovery of intestinal function,avoid electrolyte disturbance,reducing fluids,electrolytes and nutrition support,reducing the length of stay and costs,it has changed the traditional way of surgical treatment of bile duct,and is safe,efficient,also has significance of clinical application.

Influenza A/H1N1 virus-encoded nonstructural, or NS1, protein inhibits the 3'-end processing of cellular pre-mRNAs by binding the cellular protein: the 30-kDa subunit of CPSF (cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor, CPSF30). CPSF30 binding site of the NS1 protein is a potential target for the development of drugs against influenza A/H1N1 virus. A yeast two-hybrid screening system was constructed and used for screening Chinese medicines that inhibit the interaction of the A/H1N1 flu NS1 protein and human CPSF30 protein. The NS1 gene of A/H1N1 virus was amplified by consecutive polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the human CPSF30 gene of HeLa cell cloned by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Then the two gene fragments confirmed by sequencing were subcloned into the yeast expression vectors pGBKT7 and pGADT7, respectively. The two constructs, bait vector pGBKNS1 and prey vector pGADCPSF, were co-transformed into yeast AH109. The eight individual yeast colonies were picked and subjected to verification by PCR/gel electrophoresis. The inhibition of the NS1-CPSF30 interaction was allowed the identification of selective inhibitors. The four of more than thirty identified Chinese medicines, including 'Shuanghuanglian oral liquid', showed the strong inhibition of the NS1-CPSF30 interaction.

The cyclotides are a family of cyclic "mini" proteins that occur in Violaceae, Rubiaceae and Cucurbitaceae plant families and contain a head-to-tail cyclic backbone and a cystine knot arranged by three disulfide bonds. To study the natural cyclotides of V tianshanica, dried herb was extracted with 50% ethanol, and the concentrated aqueous extract was subjected to a solvent-solvent partitioning between water and hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, separately. The n-butanol extract containing cyclotides was subjected to column chromatography over Sephadex LH-20, eluted with 30% methanol. The subfractions were directly reduced by DTT and analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC. The peaks with different retention times were shown on the profile of RP-HPLC and collected. The cyclotides were speculated based on masses range from 3 000 to 3 500 Da. The purified cyclotides were reduced with DTT, alkylated with iodoacetamide, and then were cleaved with endoproteinase Glu-C, endoproteinase Lys-C and Trypsin, separately. The digested peptides were purified on RP-HPLC and analyzed on MALDI TOF/TOF analyzer. A new cyclotide, cycloviolacin T1 and a reported cyclotide varv E were systemically determined using MALDI TOF/TOF system. So the method for the isolation and characterization of cyclotides was quickly built up in succession.

Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital malformations, and its main clinical manifestation is the abnormal opening of the urethra. Etiologically, it can be attributed to many factors, mainly including genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Recently studies about its genetic etiologies have found a variety of hypospadias-associated genes from the aspects of epidemiology and polymorphism, mainly those involving the formation of the penis, the development of the testis, the anabolism of androgens, and so on. This review focuses on the progress in the studies on the genetic etiology of hypospadias.
Androgens ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; genetics ; Male ; Penis ; embryology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Testis ; embryology ; Urethra

Objective To detect plasma interleukins-35 (IL-35 )level in the patients with active tuberculosis complicated with bronchiectasis and to analyze its clinical significance.Methods Peripheral blood of patients with active tuberculosis from depart-ment of Dongguan 6th People′s hospital were collected,assigned to the active tuberculosis complicated with bronchiectasis group and active tuberculosis group.The healthy volunteers served as the control group.The plasma IL-35 level was measured by ELISA, and peripheral blood neutrophils and lymphocytes were detected by hematology analyzer.Results The levels of plasma IL-35 signif-icantly increased in both patients with active tuberculosis complicated with bronchiectasis and patients with active tuberculosis.The level of plasma IL-35 of patients with active tuberculosis complicated with bronchiectasis was significantly higher than that of the patients with active tuberculosis.The absolute value and percentage of peripheral blood neutrophils of patients with active tubercu-losis complicated with bronchiectasis were significantly higher than those of healthy volunteers.However,the percentage of periph-eral blood lymphocytes of patients with active tuberculosis complicated with bronchiectasis was significantly lower than that of healthy volunteers.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the absolute value of peripheral blood neutrophils of patients with ac-tive tuberculosis was positively correlated to the level of plasma IL-35.Conclusion IL-35 may play an important role in the progres-sion of active tuberculosis complicated with bronchiectasis.The determination of IL-35 may be helpful to the diagnosis of patients with active tuberculosis complicated with bronchiectasis.

OBJECTIVEThis study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of labial surface contours and collum angles of the maxillary anterior teeth on torque.

METHODS206 extracted maxillary teeth were selected, including 77 central incisors, 68 lateral incisors and 61 canines. All specimens were scanned by cone beam dental computed tomography (CT). Three-dimensional reconstructed images were made by using the CT software. The median sagittal planes of all teeth were selected and then analyzed by the Auto CAD software. For each tooth, the angles between tangent lines to the labial surface at four different heights along the surface and the longitudinal axis of the crown were measured. The collum angle was also measured.

RESULTSBetween 3.5 mm and 5.0 mm level of bracket heights, for the variation of 0.5 mm, the torque differed by 1.5 degrees for the maxillary central incisors and 2 degrees for the maxillary lateral incisors and canines. The mean collum angle values for the maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors and canines were 0.88 degree, 3.87 degrees and -3.30 degrees.

CONCLUSIONThe biological variation in tooth morphology would influence the torque after orthodontic treatment in different ways.

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Cuspid ; Humans ; Incisor ; Maxilla ; Odontometry ; Tooth Crown ; Torque

OBJECTIVETo compare clinical outcomes of superior labrum from anterior to posterior (SLAP) repair and biceps tenodesis in treating type I SLAP injury.

METHODSFrom March 2009 to March 2012, 38 patients with type II SLAP injury were treated with SLAP repair and biceps tenodesis, and all patients were unilateral SLAP injury. Sixteen patients treated with biceps tenodesis included 8 males and 7 females with an average age of (49.3±3.7) years old (ranged, 45 to 54); 10 cases were on the left side and 6 cases on the right side; 10 cases were caused by falling down, 2 cases were caused by throwing damage and 4 cases were caused by daily life damage; the time from injury to operation were from 3 to 8 weeks. Twenty-two patients treated with SLAP repair included 14 males and 8 females with an average age of (49.0±2.8) years old (ranged, 44 to 56); 13 cases were on the left side and 9 cases were on the right side; 14 cases were caused by falling down, 5 cases were caused by throwing damage and 3 cases were caused by daily life damage; the time from injury to operation were from 3 to 7 weeks. Preoperative, postoperative at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years' UCLA and SST score were compared between two groups.

RESULTSThere was no significant differences in UCLA and SST score between two groups before operation. At 6 months after operation, UCLA and SST score in biceps tenodesis group was higher than SLAP group, and action,range of anteflexion, strength of anteflexion, degree of satisfaction in biceps tenodesis group was higher than SLAP group. There was no significant meaning in SST and UCLA score between two groups at 1 and 2 years after operation.

CONCLUSIONShort-term efficacy of biceps tenodesis for SLAP injury is better than SLAP repair, but long-term efficacy is fairly.

Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder Joint ; injuries ; surgery ; Tendon Injuries ; surgery ; Tenodesis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical application, feasibility and value of 3 T whole-heart contrast enhanced free-breathing navigator-gated three-dimensional coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CE-CMRA).

METHODS3 T CE-CMRA was used to examine patients with suspected coronary heart disease (CAD). Gd-BOPTA (0.2 mmol/kg) was injected intravenously with slow infusion rate (0.3 ml/s) to perform enhancement. Data were post-processed to obtain principal branches of coronary artery and picture quality was evaluated. According to results of selective coronary arteriography (SCAG), the diagnostic accuracy of CE-CMRA for diagnosing CAD was judged by means of detecting significant stenosis (> 50%) of the principal branches based on the 9 segments of coronary artery.

RESULTSTwenty-three out of 26 patients successfully completed the examination. The mean scanning time was (10.4 ± 2.1) minutes, 178 out of 202 (88.1%) SCAG demonstrated segments could be evaluated by CE-CMRA. The imaging quality was superior in proximal and middle segments of coronary artery principal branches than in distal segments. Based on patient-level, there were 9 positive cases and 14 negative cases examined by CE-CMRA compared with 11 positive cases and 12 negative cases examined by SCAG, respectively. The whole diagnose accordance rate of CE-CMRA was 91.3% (21/23) compared with SCAG. The sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive values were 81.8% (9/11), 88.5% (169/191) and 98.8% (9/31) respectively.

CONCLUSIONS3 T CE-CMRA is a feasible non-invasive imaging modality for diagnosing CAD, especially to detect significant stenosis in proximal and middle segments of coronary artery principal branches. However, the detecting efficacy is limited in assessing stenosis of distal segment and small branches of coronary artery.

Aged ; Coronary Angiography ; methods ; Coronary Vessels ; pathology ; Female ; Heart ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mutation characteristics of spastin gene in Chinese patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and thus provide a basis for the gene diagnosis of HSP.

METHODSMutation of spastin gene was screened by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) combined with DNA direct sequencing in 31 unrelated affected HSP individuals in China, of whom 22 were from autosomal dominant families and 9 were sporadic HSP patients. Co-segregation analysis was carried out after the finding of abnormal SSCP bands.

RESULTSSix cases were found to have abnormal SCP bands, and among them, two missense mutations (T1258A, A1293G in exon 8) and one deletion mutation (1667delACT or 1668delCTA or 1669delTAC in exon 14) were found and all of them were not reported previously. They were all co-segregated with the disease and were localized within the functional domain of spastin gene. Besides, T1258A was seen in two unrelated families.

CONCLUSIONThe mutation rate (18.2%) in autosomal dominant HSP in Chinese patients is comparatively low. Point mutation is the major mutation type and exon 8 may be the mutation hot spot.

Adenosine Triphosphatases ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Introns ; Male ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Pedigree ; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary ; genetics ; Spastin